The Experts below are selected from a list of 261 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Joseph M Strayhorn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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religiosity and teen Birth Rate in the united states
Reproductive Health, 2009Co-Authors: Joseph M StrayhornAbstract:The children of teen mothers have been reported to have higher Rates of several unfavorable mental health outcomes. Past research suggests several possible mechanisms for an association between religiosity and teen Birth Rate in communities. The present study compiled publicly accessible data on Birth Rates, conservative religious beliefs, income, and abortion Rates in the U.S., aggregated at the state level. Data on teen Birth Rates and abortion originated from the Center for Disease Control; on income, from the U.S. Bureau of the Census, and on religious beliefs, from the U.S. Religious Landscape Survey carried out by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. We computed correlations and partial correlations. Increased religiosity in residents of states in the U.S. strongly predicted a higher teen Birth Rate, with r = 0.73 (p < 0.0005). Religiosity correlated negatively with median household income, with r = -0.66, and income correlated negatively with teen Birth Rate, with r = -0.63. But the correlation between religiosity and teen Birth Rate remained highly significant when income was controlled for via partial correlation: the partial correlation between religiosity and teen Birth Rate, controlling for income, was 0.53 (p < 0.0005). Abortion Rate correlated negatively with religiosity, with r = -0.45, p = 0.002. However, the partial correlation between teen Birth Rate and religiosity remained high and significant when controlling for abortion Rate (partial correlation = 0.68, p < 0.0005) and when controlling for both abortion Rate and income (partial correlation = 0.54, p = 0.001). With data aggregated at the state level, conservative religious beliefs strongly predict U.S. teen Birth Rates, in a relationship that does not appear to be the result of confounding by income or abortion Rates. One possible explanation for this relationship is that teens in more religious communities may be less likely to use contraception.
Michael Grynberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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serum progesterone concentration and live Birth Rate in frozen thawed embryo transfers with hormonally prepared endometrium
Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 2019Co-Authors: Isabelle Cedrindurnerin, Tiphaine Isnard, Sarah Mahdjoub, Charlotte Sonigo, Alice Seroka, Marjorie Comtet, C Herbemont, C Sifer, Michael GrynbergAbstract:Abstract Research question Is serum progesterone measurement on the day of embryo transfer associated with outcome of frozen–thawed embryo transfer (FET) in cycles using hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) for endometrium preparation? Design This single-centre retrospective study assessed the relationship between serum progesterone on embryo transfer day and live Birth Rates in 227 FET cycles. Endometrial preparation was performed by sequential administration of vaginal oestradiol until endometrial thickness was >7 mm, followed by transdermal oestradiol combined with 600 mg vaginal micronized progesterone. Results Mean serum embryo transfer day progesterone was 11.4 ng/ml. Serum progesterone Conclusions The data show that serum progesterone concentration is associated with live Birth Rate. This outlines the importance of measuring serum progesterone in FET with HRT although progesterone monitoring is not usually performed in routine practice. However, the optimal timing for measurement and further adaptive management in the presence of low values remain to be determined.
Ali Ahmady - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Age and Morphology on Live Birth Rate After Cleavage Stage Embryo Transfer
Reproductive Sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Michael Awadalla, Nicole Vestal, Lynda Mcginnis, Ali AhmadyAbstract:AccuRate knowledge of the live Birth Rate for cleavage stage embryos is essential to determine an appropriate number of embryos to transfer at once. Results from previous studies lack details needed for practical use. This is a mathematical analysis and model building study of day 3 cleavage stage embryo transfers. A total of 996 embryos were transferred in 274 fresh and 83 frozen embryo transfers. Embryo morphology was divided into 4 groups based on number of cells and fragmentation percentage. Each embryo transfer was modeled as an equation equating the sum of the live Birth Rates of the transferred embryos to the number of live Births that resulted. The least squares solution to the system of embryo transfer equations was determined using linear algebra. This analysis was repeated for ages 35 to 42 years old at oocyte retrieval. The best fit live Birth Rates per embryo in the age group centered on 35 years old were 29%, 13%, 10%, and 9% for embryos in the 8-cell with ≤ 5% fragmentation, 8-cell with > 5% fragmentation, 9–12 cell, and 6–7 cell groups, respectively. Cleavage stage embryos with fewer than 6 cells on day 3 had very low best fit live Birth Rates close to 0% at age 39 years and were excluded from the primary analysis to prevent overfitting. These live Birth Rates can be used with a simple embryo transfer model to predict Rates of single and multiple gestation prior to a planned cleavage stage embryo transfer.
Bryan T Grenfell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of Birth Rate seasonality and transmission Rate on minimum levels of coverage needed for rubella vaccination
Epidemiology and Infection, 2012Co-Authors: C J E Metcalf, Justin Lessler, Petra Klepac, Felicity Cutts, Bryan T GrenfellAbstract:Childhood rubella infection in early pregnancy can lead to fetal death or congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) with multiple disabilities. Reduction of transmission via universal vaccination can prevent CRS, but inadequate coverage may increase CRS numbers by increasing the average age at infection. Consequently, many countries do not vaccinate against rubella. The World Health Organization recommends that for safe rubella vaccination, at least 80% coverage of each Birth cohort should be sustained. The nonlinear relationship between CRS burden and infection dynamics has been much studied; however, how the complex interaction between epidemic and demographic dynamics affects minimum safe levels of coverage has not been quantitatively evaluated across scales necessary for a global assessment. We modelled 30-year CRS burdens across epidemiological and demographic settings, including the effect of local interruption of transmission via stochastic fadeout. Necessary minimum vaccination coverage increases markedly with Birth and transmission Rates, independent of amplitude of seasonal fluctuations in transmission. Susceptible build-up in older age groups following local stochastic extinction of rubella increased CRS burden, indicating that spatial context is important. In low Birth-Rate settings, 80% routine coverage is a conservative guideline, particularly if supplemented with campaigns and vaccination of women of childbearing age. Where Birth and transmission Rates are high, immunization coverage must be well above 80% and campaigns may be needed. Policy-makers should be aware of the potential negative effect of local extinction of rubella, since heterogeneity in vaccination coverage will shape extinction patterns, potentially increasing CRS burdens.
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impact of vaccination and Birth Rate on the epidemiology of pertussis a comparative study in 64 countries
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2010Co-Authors: Helene Broutin, Cecile Viboud, Bryan T Grenfell, Mark A Miller, Pejman RohaniAbstract:Bordetella pertussis infection remains an important public health problem worldwide despite decades of routine vaccination. A key indicator of the impact of vaccination programmes is the inter-epidemic period, which is expected to increase with vaccine uptake if there is significant herd immunity. Based on empirical data from 64 countries across the five continents over the past 30–70 years, we document the observed relationship between the average inter-epidemic period, Birth Rate and vaccine coverage. We then use a mathematical model to explore the range of scenarios for duration of immunity and transmission resulting from repeat infections that are consistent with empirical evidence. Estimates of pertussis periodicity ranged between 2 and 4.6 years, with a strong association with susceptible recruitment Rate, defined as Birth Rate × (1 − vaccine coverage). Periodicity increased by 1.27 years on average after the introduction of national vaccination programmes (95% CI: 1.13, 1.41 years), indicative of increased herd immunity. Mathematical models suggest that the observed patterns of pertussis periodicity are equally consistent with loss of immunity that is not as rapid as currently thought, or with negligible transmission geneRated by repeat infections. We conclude that both vaccine coverage and Birth Rate drive pertussis periodicity globally and that vaccination induces strong herd immunity effects. A better understanding of the role of repeat infections in pertussis transmission is critical to refine existing control stRategies.
Isabelle Cedrindurnerin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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serum progesterone concentration and live Birth Rate in frozen thawed embryo transfers with hormonally prepared endometrium
Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 2019Co-Authors: Isabelle Cedrindurnerin, Tiphaine Isnard, Sarah Mahdjoub, Charlotte Sonigo, Alice Seroka, Marjorie Comtet, C Herbemont, C Sifer, Michael GrynbergAbstract:Abstract Research question Is serum progesterone measurement on the day of embryo transfer associated with outcome of frozen–thawed embryo transfer (FET) in cycles using hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) for endometrium preparation? Design This single-centre retrospective study assessed the relationship between serum progesterone on embryo transfer day and live Birth Rates in 227 FET cycles. Endometrial preparation was performed by sequential administration of vaginal oestradiol until endometrial thickness was >7 mm, followed by transdermal oestradiol combined with 600 mg vaginal micronized progesterone. Results Mean serum embryo transfer day progesterone was 11.4 ng/ml. Serum progesterone Conclusions The data show that serum progesterone concentration is associated with live Birth Rate. This outlines the importance of measuring serum progesterone in FET with HRT although progesterone monitoring is not usually performed in routine practice. However, the optimal timing for measurement and further adaptive management in the presence of low values remain to be determined.