The Experts below are selected from a list of 294 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
J. M. Fitzpatrick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Superficial Bladder Carcinoma
World Journal of Urology, 1993Co-Authors: J. M. FitzpatrickAbstract:The natural history of superficial Bladder Carcinoma has an important bearing on the outcome of response to intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy. It may vary in different parts of the world, but it is essential that urologists know within their own practice how tumours respond to the initial transurethral resection. Many factors influence the natural history of superficial Bladder Carcinoma, and some, such as poor-grade, large tumour at presentation, smoking history, poor response to initial resection, and dysplasia or Carcinoma in situ, should alert the urologist to introduce intravesical therapy at an early stage.
Tsuneharu Miki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prognostic significance of thymidine kinase activity in Bladder Carcinoma.
Cancer, 2002Co-Authors: Yoichi Mizutani, Masakazu Fukushima, Hiromi Wada, Osamu Yoshida, Kazumi Kamoi, Tsuneharu MikiAbstract:BACKGROUND Thymidine kinase (TK) plays a key role in the complimentary or alternative salvage pathway of pyrimidine synthesis. Little is known about the significance of TK activity in Bladder Carcinoma. The authors examined the activity of TK in 55 patients with Bladder Carcinoma to determine the prognostic significance of TK activity. METHODS TK activity in nonfixed, fresh-frozen specimens of Bladder Carcinoma and normal Bladder tissue was determined by using the diethylaminoethanol cellulose disc method. RESULTS The activity of TK was approximately two-fold higher in Bladder Carcinoma specimens compared with normal Bladder tissues. The TK activity in muscle-invasive Bladder Carcinoma was two-fold higher compared with the activity in superficial Bladder Carcinoma (Ta and T1). In addition, the activity of TK in T1 tumors was two-fold higher compared with the TK activity in Ta tumors. The level of TK activity in Grade 3 Bladder tumors was two-fold higher compared with the activity in Grade 1 and Grade 2 tumors. Patients with Ta and T1 Bladder Carcinoma who had low TK activity had a longer postoperative tumor free period compared with the patients who had high TK activity during the 2 years of follow-up. TK activity was correlated with the activity of thymidine synthase, which is a key enzyme for pyrimidine synthesis in the de novo pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate that the level of TK activity is correlated with both disease stage and tumor grade in patients with Bladder Carcinoma and that elevated TK activity predicts early recurrence in patients with Ta and T1 disease. These results suggest that the level of TK activity may be used as a prognostic parameter and that TK may be a molecular therapeutic target in patients with Bladder Carcinoma. Cancer 2002;95:2120–5. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10948
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Prognostic significance of thymidylate synthase activity in Bladder Carcinoma.
Cancer, 2001Co-Authors: Yoichi Mizutani, Masakazu Fukushima, Hiromi Wada, Osamu Ogawa, Osamu Yoshida, Norio Nonomura, Tsuneharu MikiAbstract:BACKGROUND 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer agent clinically used against various cancers including Bladder Carcinoma. 5-FU inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS) and blocks DNA synthesis. TS is the key enzyme in the catalysis of the methylation from deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to deoxythymidine monophosphate. Little is known about the significance of TS in Bladder Carcinoma. The authors investigated the activity of TS in 82 Bladder cancers and prognostic significance of the levels of TS and/or activities of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), an important enzyme in the degradation of 5-FU. METHODS The levels of TS and DPD activities in nonfixed, fresh, frozen, Bladder Carcinoma and normal Bladder specimens were determined biochemically by the FdUMP binding assay and the 5-FU degradation assay, respectively. RESULTS The activity of TS was 10-fold higher in Bladder Carcinoma compared with normal Bladder. TS activity in muscle-invasive Bladder Carcinoma was threefold higher than that in Ta and T1 cancer. In addition, the activity of TS in T1 Bladder Carcinoma was threefold higher than that in Ta cancer. The level of TS activity in Grade 3 Bladder Carcinoma was 4.5-fold and 3.5-fold higher than that in Grade 1 and Grade 2 cancers, respectively. Patients with Ta and T1 Bladder Carcinoma with low TS activity had a longer postoperative tumor-free period than those with high activity in the 2-year follow-up. Patients with Ta and T1 Bladder Carcinoma with high or low TS activity were divided into four subgroups: high or low DPD activity subgroups. Patients with low TS activity and high DPD activity had the longest postoperative disease-free period among the 4 subgroups during the 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first study that demonstrated that the level of TS activity correlates with both the progression of the stage and the increase of the grade of Bladder Carcinoma and that elevated TS activity predicts early recurrence in Ta and T1 Bladder Carcinoma. These results suggested that elevated TS activity might have been associated with a higher chance of progression and recurrence of Bladder Carcinoma in the patients who participated in this study. Cancer 2001;92:510–8. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
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Significance of serum soluble fas ligand in patients with Bladder Carcinoma
Cancer, 2001Co-Authors: Yoichi Mizutani, Osamu Ogawa, Osamu Yoshida, Fumiya Hongo, Nodoka Sato, Tsuneharu MikiAbstract:BACKGROUND The interaction of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) plays an important role in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated and natural killer cell-mediated apoptosis against tumor cells. Circulating soluble FasL (sFasL) has been suggested to provide protection from Fas-mediated apoptosis. The current study examined this possibility in patients with Bladder Carcinoma. METHODS The levels of sFasL in the serum of 163 patients with Bladder Carcinoma were determined using an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. Antiautologous tumor cytotoxic activity was assessed by the 12-hour chromium isotope (51Cr) release assay. RESULTS The mean serum level of sFasL in patients with Bladder Carcinoma was 2.5-fold higher than that in healthy donors. The level of serum sFasL in patients with muscle-invasive Bladder Carcinoma was 2.5-fold higher than that in patients with superficial Bladder Carcinoma. In addition, serum sFasL levels in patients with T1 and Tis Bladder Carcinoma was 2-fold and 2.7-fold higher, respectively, than levels in patients with Ta Bladder Carcinoma. The serum level of patients with sFasL in Grade 3 Bladder Carcinoma were 2.4-fold and 1.7-fold higher than that in patients with Grade 1 and Grade 2 Bladder Carcinoma, respectively. Patients with Ta Bladder Carcinoma with a low level of serum sFasL (less than the median value) had a longer postoperative tumor-free interval than patients with a high sFasL level (greater than the median value) in the 5-year follow-up. There was an apparent inverse correlation between the level of serum sFasL and antiautologous tumor cytotoxic activity. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study demonstrated that the level of serum sFasL is correlated with both disease progression and increase in the tumor grade, and that an elevated serum sFasL level predicted early recurrence in patients with Ta Bladder Carcinoma. These findings suggest that elevated serum sFasL levels might be associated with a greater risk of disease progression and recurrence in patients with Bladder Carcinoma. Cancer 2001;92:287–93. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
Zhang Yi-feng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Detection of telomerase activity by PCR-ELISA in exfoliated cells in Bladder Carcinoma and its value in the diagnosis of Bladder Carcinoma
Journal of Navy Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Zhang Yi-fengAbstract:Objective: To assess telomerase activity of exfoliated cells in urine so as to find a new noninvasive method for early diagnosis of Bladder Carcinoma and detection of recurrence after surgery. Methods: Telomerase activity of exfoliated cells in urine was detected by using PCR-ELISA in 33 patients with Bladder Carcinoma and 5 healthy volunteers were used as controls. Results: Telomerase activity of exfoliated cells in urine was detected in 30 of the 33 (90.91%) Bladder Carcinoma patients. In 5 healthy volunteers, no telomerase activity was detected(P0.01) .No association could be found between telomerase activity and tumor stage or tumor grade. Conclusion: The detection of telomerase activity of exfoliated cells in urine is a highly sensitive and effective method for early diagnosis and detection of recurrence after surgery in patients with Bladder Carcinoma.
Osamu Yoshida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prognostic significance of thymidine kinase activity in Bladder Carcinoma.
Cancer, 2002Co-Authors: Yoichi Mizutani, Masakazu Fukushima, Hiromi Wada, Osamu Yoshida, Kazumi Kamoi, Tsuneharu MikiAbstract:BACKGROUND Thymidine kinase (TK) plays a key role in the complimentary or alternative salvage pathway of pyrimidine synthesis. Little is known about the significance of TK activity in Bladder Carcinoma. The authors examined the activity of TK in 55 patients with Bladder Carcinoma to determine the prognostic significance of TK activity. METHODS TK activity in nonfixed, fresh-frozen specimens of Bladder Carcinoma and normal Bladder tissue was determined by using the diethylaminoethanol cellulose disc method. RESULTS The activity of TK was approximately two-fold higher in Bladder Carcinoma specimens compared with normal Bladder tissues. The TK activity in muscle-invasive Bladder Carcinoma was two-fold higher compared with the activity in superficial Bladder Carcinoma (Ta and T1). In addition, the activity of TK in T1 tumors was two-fold higher compared with the TK activity in Ta tumors. The level of TK activity in Grade 3 Bladder tumors was two-fold higher compared with the activity in Grade 1 and Grade 2 tumors. Patients with Ta and T1 Bladder Carcinoma who had low TK activity had a longer postoperative tumor free period compared with the patients who had high TK activity during the 2 years of follow-up. TK activity was correlated with the activity of thymidine synthase, which is a key enzyme for pyrimidine synthesis in the de novo pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate that the level of TK activity is correlated with both disease stage and tumor grade in patients with Bladder Carcinoma and that elevated TK activity predicts early recurrence in patients with Ta and T1 disease. These results suggest that the level of TK activity may be used as a prognostic parameter and that TK may be a molecular therapeutic target in patients with Bladder Carcinoma. Cancer 2002;95:2120–5. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10948
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Prognostic significance of thymidylate synthase activity in Bladder Carcinoma.
Cancer, 2001Co-Authors: Yoichi Mizutani, Masakazu Fukushima, Hiromi Wada, Osamu Ogawa, Osamu Yoshida, Norio Nonomura, Tsuneharu MikiAbstract:BACKGROUND 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer agent clinically used against various cancers including Bladder Carcinoma. 5-FU inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS) and blocks DNA synthesis. TS is the key enzyme in the catalysis of the methylation from deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to deoxythymidine monophosphate. Little is known about the significance of TS in Bladder Carcinoma. The authors investigated the activity of TS in 82 Bladder cancers and prognostic significance of the levels of TS and/or activities of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), an important enzyme in the degradation of 5-FU. METHODS The levels of TS and DPD activities in nonfixed, fresh, frozen, Bladder Carcinoma and normal Bladder specimens were determined biochemically by the FdUMP binding assay and the 5-FU degradation assay, respectively. RESULTS The activity of TS was 10-fold higher in Bladder Carcinoma compared with normal Bladder. TS activity in muscle-invasive Bladder Carcinoma was threefold higher than that in Ta and T1 cancer. In addition, the activity of TS in T1 Bladder Carcinoma was threefold higher than that in Ta cancer. The level of TS activity in Grade 3 Bladder Carcinoma was 4.5-fold and 3.5-fold higher than that in Grade 1 and Grade 2 cancers, respectively. Patients with Ta and T1 Bladder Carcinoma with low TS activity had a longer postoperative tumor-free period than those with high activity in the 2-year follow-up. Patients with Ta and T1 Bladder Carcinoma with high or low TS activity were divided into four subgroups: high or low DPD activity subgroups. Patients with low TS activity and high DPD activity had the longest postoperative disease-free period among the 4 subgroups during the 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first study that demonstrated that the level of TS activity correlates with both the progression of the stage and the increase of the grade of Bladder Carcinoma and that elevated TS activity predicts early recurrence in Ta and T1 Bladder Carcinoma. These results suggested that elevated TS activity might have been associated with a higher chance of progression and recurrence of Bladder Carcinoma in the patients who participated in this study. Cancer 2001;92:510–8. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
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Significance of serum soluble fas ligand in patients with Bladder Carcinoma
Cancer, 2001Co-Authors: Yoichi Mizutani, Osamu Ogawa, Osamu Yoshida, Fumiya Hongo, Nodoka Sato, Tsuneharu MikiAbstract:BACKGROUND The interaction of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) plays an important role in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated and natural killer cell-mediated apoptosis against tumor cells. Circulating soluble FasL (sFasL) has been suggested to provide protection from Fas-mediated apoptosis. The current study examined this possibility in patients with Bladder Carcinoma. METHODS The levels of sFasL in the serum of 163 patients with Bladder Carcinoma were determined using an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. Antiautologous tumor cytotoxic activity was assessed by the 12-hour chromium isotope (51Cr) release assay. RESULTS The mean serum level of sFasL in patients with Bladder Carcinoma was 2.5-fold higher than that in healthy donors. The level of serum sFasL in patients with muscle-invasive Bladder Carcinoma was 2.5-fold higher than that in patients with superficial Bladder Carcinoma. In addition, serum sFasL levels in patients with T1 and Tis Bladder Carcinoma was 2-fold and 2.7-fold higher, respectively, than levels in patients with Ta Bladder Carcinoma. The serum level of patients with sFasL in Grade 3 Bladder Carcinoma were 2.4-fold and 1.7-fold higher than that in patients with Grade 1 and Grade 2 Bladder Carcinoma, respectively. Patients with Ta Bladder Carcinoma with a low level of serum sFasL (less than the median value) had a longer postoperative tumor-free interval than patients with a high sFasL level (greater than the median value) in the 5-year follow-up. There was an apparent inverse correlation between the level of serum sFasL and antiautologous tumor cytotoxic activity. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study demonstrated that the level of serum sFasL is correlated with both disease progression and increase in the tumor grade, and that an elevated serum sFasL level predicted early recurrence in patients with Ta Bladder Carcinoma. These findings suggest that elevated serum sFasL levels might be associated with a greater risk of disease progression and recurrence in patients with Bladder Carcinoma. Cancer 2001;92:287–93. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
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Expression of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor in Bladder Carcinoma
Cancer, 1997Co-Authors: Youichi Mizutani, Yusaku Okada, Osamu YoshidaAbstract:BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is a prerequisite to cancer growth and metastasis and is induced by a variety of angiogenic factors, including platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PDECGF). The authors investigated the expression of PDECGF in 58 initial primary Bladder Carcinomas. METHODS The expression of PDECGF in Bladder Carcinoma and normal Bladder tissue was examined by high performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. RESULTS The level of PDECGF expression was fourfold higher in Bladder Carcinoma compared with normal Bladder tissue. The expression of PDECGF in invasive Bladder Carcinoma was fourfold higher than that in superficial Carcinomas. In addition, the expression of PDECGF in T1 Bladder Carcinoma was twofold higher than that in Ta Carcinomas. PDECGF expression level correlated with a higher grade of Bladder Carcinoma. Patients with Ta Bladder Carcinoma with low PDECGF expression had a longer postoperative tumor free period than those with high expression in the 3-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated that the level of PDECGF expression correlated with both stage progression and a higher grade of Bladder Carcinoma, and that elevated PDECGF expression predicted early recurrence in Ta Bladder Carcinoma. These results suggest that elevated PDECGF expression might be associated with a greater possibility of recurrence and disease progression. Cancer 1997; 79:1190-4. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
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Doxorubicin sensitizes human Bladder Carcinoma cells to Fas‐mediated cytotoxicity
Cancer, 1997Co-Authors: Youichi Mizutani, Osamu Yoshida, Yusaku Okada, Manabu Fukumoto, Benjamin BonavidaAbstract:BACKGROUND The resistance of Bladder Carcinoma to anticancer chemotherapeutic agents remains a major problem. Hence, several immunotherapeutic approaches have been developed to treat the drug-resistant cancer cells. Fas antigen (Fas) and Fas ligand participate in cytotoxicity mediated by T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Like Fas ligand, anti-Fas monoclonal antibody (MoAb) induces apoptosis of the cells expressing Fas. This study examined whether Bladder Carcinoma cells are sensitive to cytotoxicity mediated by anti-Fas MoAb and whether anticancer agents synergize with anti-Fas MoAb in cytotoxicity. METHODS Cytotoxicity was determined by a 1-day microculture tetrazolium dye assay. Synergy was assessed by isobolographic analysis. RESULTS The T24 human Bladder Carcinoma cell line constitutively expressed the Fas on the cell surface; however, T24 line was resistant to anti-Fas MoAb. Treatment of T24 cells with anti-Fas MoAb in combination with mitomycin C, methotrexate, or 5-fluorouracil did not overcome their resistance to these agents. However, treatment of T24 cells with a combination of anti-Fas MoAb and doxorubicin resulted in a synergistic cytotoxic effect. In addition, the doxorubicin-resistant T24 cells were sensitive to treatment with a combination of anti-Fas MoAb and doxorubicin. Synergy was also achieved in three other Bladder Carcinoma cell lines and four freshly derived human Bladder Carcinoma cells. Treatment with anti-Fas MoAb in combination with epirubicin or pirarubicin also resulted in a synergistic cytotoxic effect on T24 cells. The mechanisms of synergy were examined. Anti-Fas MoAb did not affect the intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin, the expression of P-glycoprotein, or the expression of the antioxidant glutathione S-transferase-π mRNA. However, treatment with doxorubicin enhanced the expression of Fas on T24 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that treatment of Bladder Carcinoma cells with doxorubicin sensitized the cells to lysis by anti-Fas MoAb. The synergistic effect obtained with established doxorubicin-resistant Bladder Carcinoma cells and freshly isolated Bladder Carcinoma cells suggests that drug-resistant Bladder Carcinoma cells can be sensitized by doxorubicin to Fas- and Fas ligant-mediated cytotoxicity by lymphocytes. Furthermore, the sensitization required low concentrations of doxorubicin, thus supporting the in vivo application of a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in the treatment of drug-resistant and/or immunotherapy-resistant Bladder Carcinoma. Cancer 1997; 79:1180-9. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
Shoji Fukushima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Are tobacco use and urine pH indicated as risk factors for Bladder Carcinoma
International Journal of Urology, 2001Co-Authors: Seiji Wada, Chikayoshi Masuda, Shinichi Ikemoto, Rikio Yoshimura, T. Hase, Taketoshi Kishimoto, Shoji FukushimaAbstract:Abstract Background: Many case-control and cohort studies have shown a positive relationship between Bladder Carcinoma and tobacco use. Recently, urine pH has been reported to influence aromatic amine carcinogenesis, which have been implicated as potent carcinogens in Bladder Carcinoma patients. Herein the correlation between Bladder Carcinoma, tobacco use and urine pH is reported. Method: One hundred and forty-one patients with Bladder Carcinoma and 128 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia or urolithiasis as controls were selected. All patients were admitted to Osaka City University Hospital for the purpose of surgical treatment. Urine pH was checked by a test tape. Results: Of the patients with Bladder Carcinoma, 106 were smokers and 35 were non-smokers. In contrast, the number of smokers in the control group was 76 and that of non-smokers was 52. The odds ratio in the Bladder Carcinoma group calculated for the smoker patients was 2.07, showing a significant correlation between Bladder Carcinoma and tobacco use. Regarding urine pH, acidic urine was found in 126 patients in the Bladder Carcinoma group and in 116 patients in the control group. The odds ratio in the Bladder Carcinoma group for acidic urine was 0.87, showing no significant relationship between Bladder Carcinoma and urine pH. Conclusion: The study found a positive relationship between Bladder Carcinoma and tobacco use; however, it could not establish a clear relationship between Bladder Carcinoma and urine pH, even in the smoker group.