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Peter A. Mcgee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chytrids cannot survive at high temperatures in liquid growth media: implications for soil ecosystems
    Fungal Ecology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Frank H. Gleason, Peter A. Mcgee
    Abstract:

    Abstract Sixteen isolates in the orders Blastocladiales, Chytridiales, Rhizophydiales and Spizellomycetales were incubated for 2 d in liquid PYG growth medium at 33, 37, 40, 45 and 50 °C. These fungi could not resume growth when returned to 20 °C if the temperature of incubation was more than a few degrees above the maximum temperature for growth on solid PYG growth medium. The maximum temperatures for survival of some chytrids are probably close to the temperatures reached periodically on the surface of moist soils in warm climates. Desiccated thalli of chytrids in the Blastocladiales and Spizellomycetales can survive much higher temperatures than chytrids in the Chytridiales and Rhizophydiales. Therefore, the maximum temperature and moisture content of the soil could significantly affect the diversity of chytrids in the ecosystem.

  • SOME AEROBIC BLASTOCLADIOMYCOTA AND CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA CAN SURVIVE BUT CANNOT GROW UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS
    2007
    Co-Authors: Frank H. Gleason, Peter M. Letcher, Peter A. Mcgee
    Abstract:

    In the present study twenty-two chytrids isolated aerobically from soils in Australia were tested for ability to grow or to survive under strict anaerobic conditions. These fungi were previously assigned to the orders Chytridiales, Blastocladiales, Rhizophydiales and Spizellomycetales by molecular techniques. None of the isolates grew in liquid growth media under strict anaerobic conditions. However, all twenty-two isolates survived in liquid growth media under strict anaerobic conditions for relatively short periods of time, which can occur periodically in the soil. Three of these isolates produced acid during growth in the presence of air indicating the capacity for lactic acid fermentation. Most members of the orders Chytridiales, Blastocladiales, Rhizophydiales and Spizellomycetales are considered to be obligate aerobes. Based on previous growth studies only two genera in these orders have been classified as facultative anaerobes. In contrast all members of the order Neocallimastigales are obligate anaerobes.

  • can soil chytridiomycota survive and grow in different osmotic potentials
    Fungal Biology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Frank H. Gleason, Peter M. Letcher, David J. Midgley, Peter A. Mcgee
    Abstract:

    Abstract Twenty isolates from soil in the orders Spizellomycetales, Blastocladiales and Chytridiales (Chytridiomycota) grew on complex solid media supplemented with 10 g l−1 sodium chloride. In a synthetic liquid medium, 4.4 g l−1 sodium chloride strongly inhibited growth in three of the five isolates, possibly because of the effect of the ions or osmolarity of the solution. The maximum concentration for growth in synthetic liquid medium with different osmotic potentials using polyethylene glycol (PEG) varied considerably amongst the isolates. Three patterns of growth with increasing concentrations of PEG were evident among isolates within the genus Rhizophydium. Up to the concentration where growth ceased, the dry weight of each isolate either decreased, remained constant, or in one case, increased. Most of the fungi survived when incubated at room temperature for 7 d in complex liquid media supplemented with 35 g l−1 sodium chloride or 300 g l−1 PEG. These data indicate that soil Chytridiomycota can survive various osmotic potentials that may occur during the wetting and drying phases in soils.

  • the growth response of some chytridiomycota to temperatures commonly observed in the soil
    Fungal Biology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Frank H. Gleason, Peter M. Letcher, Zoe Commandeur, Cho Eun Jeong, Peter A. Mcgee
    Abstract:

    Chytridiomycota were isolated into pure culture from cool temperate and warm semi-arid soils of eastern Australia. In pure culture these fungi responded variably to the range of temperatures commonly recorded in their environment. All members of the Blastocladiales, Spizellomycetales and Chytridiales grew in culture at temperatures up to 30°C. Some isolates from the Blastocladiales and Spizellomycetales continued to grow at or above 37°. Some isolates of the Chytridiales grew up to but not beyond 35°. All isolates in the Chytridiales were able to resume growth at 20° after brief exposure to temperatures higher than the maximum growth temperature, but were killed by exposure to higher temperatures for 7 d. Because in the natural soil habitat temperature may exceed the maximum for growth it may be a limiting factor that determines the distribution of chytrids in the soil.

  • The growth response of some Chytridiomycota to temperatures commonly observed in the soil.
    Mycological research, 2005
    Co-Authors: Frank H. Gleason, Peter M. Letcher, Zoe Commandeur, Cho Eun Jeong, Peter A. Mcgee
    Abstract:

    Chytridiomycota were isolated into pure culture from cool temperate and warm semi-arid soils of eastern Australia. In pure culture these fungi responded variably to the range of temperatures commonly recorded in their environment. All members of the Blastocladiales, Spizellomycetales and Chytridiales grew in culture at temperatures up to 30 degrees C. Some isolates from the Blastocladiales and Spizellomycetales continued to grow at or above 37 degrees. Some isolates of the Chytridiales grew up to but not beyond 35 degrees. All isolates in the Chytridiales were able to resume growth at 20 degrees after brief exposure to temperatures higher than the maximum growth temperature, but were killed by exposure to higher temperatures for 7 d. Because in the natural soil habitat temperature may exceed the maximum for growth it may be a limiting factor that determines the distribution of chytrids in the soil.

Frank H. Gleason - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chytrids cannot survive at high temperatures in liquid growth media: implications for soil ecosystems
    Fungal Ecology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Frank H. Gleason, Peter A. Mcgee
    Abstract:

    Abstract Sixteen isolates in the orders Blastocladiales, Chytridiales, Rhizophydiales and Spizellomycetales were incubated for 2 d in liquid PYG growth medium at 33, 37, 40, 45 and 50 °C. These fungi could not resume growth when returned to 20 °C if the temperature of incubation was more than a few degrees above the maximum temperature for growth on solid PYG growth medium. The maximum temperatures for survival of some chytrids are probably close to the temperatures reached periodically on the surface of moist soils in warm climates. Desiccated thalli of chytrids in the Blastocladiales and Spizellomycetales can survive much higher temperatures than chytrids in the Chytridiales and Rhizophydiales. Therefore, the maximum temperature and moisture content of the soil could significantly affect the diversity of chytrids in the ecosystem.

  • SOME AEROBIC BLASTOCLADIOMYCOTA AND CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA CAN SURVIVE BUT CANNOT GROW UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS
    2007
    Co-Authors: Frank H. Gleason, Peter M. Letcher, Peter A. Mcgee
    Abstract:

    In the present study twenty-two chytrids isolated aerobically from soils in Australia were tested for ability to grow or to survive under strict anaerobic conditions. These fungi were previously assigned to the orders Chytridiales, Blastocladiales, Rhizophydiales and Spizellomycetales by molecular techniques. None of the isolates grew in liquid growth media under strict anaerobic conditions. However, all twenty-two isolates survived in liquid growth media under strict anaerobic conditions for relatively short periods of time, which can occur periodically in the soil. Three of these isolates produced acid during growth in the presence of air indicating the capacity for lactic acid fermentation. Most members of the orders Chytridiales, Blastocladiales, Rhizophydiales and Spizellomycetales are considered to be obligate aerobes. Based on previous growth studies only two genera in these orders have been classified as facultative anaerobes. In contrast all members of the order Neocallimastigales are obligate anaerobes.

  • can soil chytridiomycota survive and grow in different osmotic potentials
    Fungal Biology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Frank H. Gleason, Peter M. Letcher, David J. Midgley, Peter A. Mcgee
    Abstract:

    Abstract Twenty isolates from soil in the orders Spizellomycetales, Blastocladiales and Chytridiales (Chytridiomycota) grew on complex solid media supplemented with 10 g l−1 sodium chloride. In a synthetic liquid medium, 4.4 g l−1 sodium chloride strongly inhibited growth in three of the five isolates, possibly because of the effect of the ions or osmolarity of the solution. The maximum concentration for growth in synthetic liquid medium with different osmotic potentials using polyethylene glycol (PEG) varied considerably amongst the isolates. Three patterns of growth with increasing concentrations of PEG were evident among isolates within the genus Rhizophydium. Up to the concentration where growth ceased, the dry weight of each isolate either decreased, remained constant, or in one case, increased. Most of the fungi survived when incubated at room temperature for 7 d in complex liquid media supplemented with 35 g l−1 sodium chloride or 300 g l−1 PEG. These data indicate that soil Chytridiomycota can survive various osmotic potentials that may occur during the wetting and drying phases in soils.

  • the growth response of some chytridiomycota to temperatures commonly observed in the soil
    Fungal Biology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Frank H. Gleason, Peter M. Letcher, Zoe Commandeur, Cho Eun Jeong, Peter A. Mcgee
    Abstract:

    Chytridiomycota were isolated into pure culture from cool temperate and warm semi-arid soils of eastern Australia. In pure culture these fungi responded variably to the range of temperatures commonly recorded in their environment. All members of the Blastocladiales, Spizellomycetales and Chytridiales grew in culture at temperatures up to 30°C. Some isolates from the Blastocladiales and Spizellomycetales continued to grow at or above 37°. Some isolates of the Chytridiales grew up to but not beyond 35°. All isolates in the Chytridiales were able to resume growth at 20° after brief exposure to temperatures higher than the maximum growth temperature, but were killed by exposure to higher temperatures for 7 d. Because in the natural soil habitat temperature may exceed the maximum for growth it may be a limiting factor that determines the distribution of chytrids in the soil.

  • The growth response of some Chytridiomycota to temperatures commonly observed in the soil.
    Mycological research, 2005
    Co-Authors: Frank H. Gleason, Peter M. Letcher, Zoe Commandeur, Cho Eun Jeong, Peter A. Mcgee
    Abstract:

    Chytridiomycota were isolated into pure culture from cool temperate and warm semi-arid soils of eastern Australia. In pure culture these fungi responded variably to the range of temperatures commonly recorded in their environment. All members of the Blastocladiales, Spizellomycetales and Chytridiales grew in culture at temperatures up to 30 degrees C. Some isolates from the Blastocladiales and Spizellomycetales continued to grow at or above 37 degrees. Some isolates of the Chytridiales grew up to but not beyond 35 degrees. All isolates in the Chytridiales were able to resume growth at 20 degrees after brief exposure to temperatures higher than the maximum growth temperature, but were killed by exposure to higher temperatures for 7 d. Because in the natural soil habitat temperature may exceed the maximum for growth it may be a limiting factor that determines the distribution of chytrids in the soil.

Peter M. Letcher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • SOME AEROBIC BLASTOCLADIOMYCOTA AND CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA CAN SURVIVE BUT CANNOT GROW UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS
    2007
    Co-Authors: Frank H. Gleason, Peter M. Letcher, Peter A. Mcgee
    Abstract:

    In the present study twenty-two chytrids isolated aerobically from soils in Australia were tested for ability to grow or to survive under strict anaerobic conditions. These fungi were previously assigned to the orders Chytridiales, Blastocladiales, Rhizophydiales and Spizellomycetales by molecular techniques. None of the isolates grew in liquid growth media under strict anaerobic conditions. However, all twenty-two isolates survived in liquid growth media under strict anaerobic conditions for relatively short periods of time, which can occur periodically in the soil. Three of these isolates produced acid during growth in the presence of air indicating the capacity for lactic acid fermentation. Most members of the orders Chytridiales, Blastocladiales, Rhizophydiales and Spizellomycetales are considered to be obligate aerobes. Based on previous growth studies only two genera in these orders have been classified as facultative anaerobes. In contrast all members of the order Neocallimastigales are obligate anaerobes.

  • A molecular phylogeny of the flagellated fungi (Chytridiomycota) and description of a new phylum (Blastocladiomycota).
    Mycologia, 2006
    Co-Authors: Timothy Y. James, David Porter, Peter M. Letcher, Joyce E. Longcore, Sharon E. Mozley-standridge, Martha J. Powell, Gareth W. Griffith, Rytas Vilgalys
    Abstract:

    Chytridiomycota (chytrids) is the only phylum of true Fungi that reproduces with motile spores (zoospores). Chytrids currently are classified into five orders based on habitat, zoospore characters and life cycles. In this paper we estimate the phylogeny of the chytrids with DNA sequences from the ribosomal RNA operon (18S+5.8S+28S subunits). To our surprise the morphologically reduced para- sites Olpidium and Rozella comprise two entirely new, and separate, lineages on the fungal tree. Olpidium brassicae groups among the Zygomycota, and Rozella spp. are the earliest branch to diverge in the fungal kingdom. The phylogeny also suggests that Chytri- diomycota is not monophyletic and there are four major lineages of chytrids: Rozella spp., Olpidium brassicae, the Blastocladiales and a ''core chytrid clade'' containing the remaining orders and families and the majority of flagellated fungi. Within the core chytrid group 11 subclades can be identified, each of which correlates well with zoospore ultrastructure or morphology. We provide a synopsis of each clade and its morphological circumscription. The Blastocla- diales appears to be the sister taxon of most nonflagellated fungi. Based on molecular phyloge- netic and ultrastructural characters this order is elevated to a phylum, the Blastocladiomycota.

  • can soil chytridiomycota survive and grow in different osmotic potentials
    Fungal Biology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Frank H. Gleason, Peter M. Letcher, David J. Midgley, Peter A. Mcgee
    Abstract:

    Abstract Twenty isolates from soil in the orders Spizellomycetales, Blastocladiales and Chytridiales (Chytridiomycota) grew on complex solid media supplemented with 10 g l−1 sodium chloride. In a synthetic liquid medium, 4.4 g l−1 sodium chloride strongly inhibited growth in three of the five isolates, possibly because of the effect of the ions or osmolarity of the solution. The maximum concentration for growth in synthetic liquid medium with different osmotic potentials using polyethylene glycol (PEG) varied considerably amongst the isolates. Three patterns of growth with increasing concentrations of PEG were evident among isolates within the genus Rhizophydium. Up to the concentration where growth ceased, the dry weight of each isolate either decreased, remained constant, or in one case, increased. Most of the fungi survived when incubated at room temperature for 7 d in complex liquid media supplemented with 35 g l−1 sodium chloride or 300 g l−1 PEG. These data indicate that soil Chytridiomycota can survive various osmotic potentials that may occur during the wetting and drying phases in soils.

  • the growth response of some chytridiomycota to temperatures commonly observed in the soil
    Fungal Biology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Frank H. Gleason, Peter M. Letcher, Zoe Commandeur, Cho Eun Jeong, Peter A. Mcgee
    Abstract:

    Chytridiomycota were isolated into pure culture from cool temperate and warm semi-arid soils of eastern Australia. In pure culture these fungi responded variably to the range of temperatures commonly recorded in their environment. All members of the Blastocladiales, Spizellomycetales and Chytridiales grew in culture at temperatures up to 30°C. Some isolates from the Blastocladiales and Spizellomycetales continued to grow at or above 37°. Some isolates of the Chytridiales grew up to but not beyond 35°. All isolates in the Chytridiales were able to resume growth at 20° after brief exposure to temperatures higher than the maximum growth temperature, but were killed by exposure to higher temperatures for 7 d. Because in the natural soil habitat temperature may exceed the maximum for growth it may be a limiting factor that determines the distribution of chytrids in the soil.

  • The growth response of some Chytridiomycota to temperatures commonly observed in the soil.
    Mycological research, 2005
    Co-Authors: Frank H. Gleason, Peter M. Letcher, Zoe Commandeur, Cho Eun Jeong, Peter A. Mcgee
    Abstract:

    Chytridiomycota were isolated into pure culture from cool temperate and warm semi-arid soils of eastern Australia. In pure culture these fungi responded variably to the range of temperatures commonly recorded in their environment. All members of the Blastocladiales, Spizellomycetales and Chytridiales grew in culture at temperatures up to 30 degrees C. Some isolates from the Blastocladiales and Spizellomycetales continued to grow at or above 37 degrees. Some isolates of the Chytridiales grew up to but not beyond 35 degrees. All isolates in the Chytridiales were able to resume growth at 20 degrees after brief exposure to temperatures higher than the maximum growth temperature, but were killed by exposure to higher temperatures for 7 d. Because in the natural soil habitat temperature may exceed the maximum for growth it may be a limiting factor that determines the distribution of chytrids in the soil.

H. C. Ramos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Zoe Commandeur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the growth response of some chytridiomycota to temperatures commonly observed in the soil
    Fungal Biology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Frank H. Gleason, Peter M. Letcher, Zoe Commandeur, Cho Eun Jeong, Peter A. Mcgee
    Abstract:

    Chytridiomycota were isolated into pure culture from cool temperate and warm semi-arid soils of eastern Australia. In pure culture these fungi responded variably to the range of temperatures commonly recorded in their environment. All members of the Blastocladiales, Spizellomycetales and Chytridiales grew in culture at temperatures up to 30°C. Some isolates from the Blastocladiales and Spizellomycetales continued to grow at or above 37°. Some isolates of the Chytridiales grew up to but not beyond 35°. All isolates in the Chytridiales were able to resume growth at 20° after brief exposure to temperatures higher than the maximum growth temperature, but were killed by exposure to higher temperatures for 7 d. Because in the natural soil habitat temperature may exceed the maximum for growth it may be a limiting factor that determines the distribution of chytrids in the soil.

  • The growth response of some Chytridiomycota to temperatures commonly observed in the soil.
    Mycological research, 2005
    Co-Authors: Frank H. Gleason, Peter M. Letcher, Zoe Commandeur, Cho Eun Jeong, Peter A. Mcgee
    Abstract:

    Chytridiomycota were isolated into pure culture from cool temperate and warm semi-arid soils of eastern Australia. In pure culture these fungi responded variably to the range of temperatures commonly recorded in their environment. All members of the Blastocladiales, Spizellomycetales and Chytridiales grew in culture at temperatures up to 30 degrees C. Some isolates from the Blastocladiales and Spizellomycetales continued to grow at or above 37 degrees. Some isolates of the Chytridiales grew up to but not beyond 35 degrees. All isolates in the Chytridiales were able to resume growth at 20 degrees after brief exposure to temperatures higher than the maximum growth temperature, but were killed by exposure to higher temperatures for 7 d. Because in the natural soil habitat temperature may exceed the maximum for growth it may be a limiting factor that determines the distribution of chytrids in the soil.