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Chris J Packard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hyperCholesterolemia
    The New England Journal of Medicine, 1995
    Co-Authors: James Shepherd, Stuart M Cobbe, Ian Ford, Chris Isles, A R Lorimer, Peter W Macfarlane, J H Mckillop, Chris J Packard
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Lowering the Blood Cholesterol Level may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. This double-blind study was designed to determine whether the administration of pravastatin to men with hyperCholesterolemia and no history of myocardial infarction reduced the combined incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction and death from coronary heart disease. METHODS: We randomly assigned 6595 men, 45 to 64 years of age, with a mean (+/- SD) plasma Cholesterol Level of 272 +/- 23 mg per deciliter (7.0 +/- 0.6 mmol per liter) to receive pravastatin (40 mg each evening) or placebo. The average follow-up period was 4.9 years. Medical records, electrocardiographic recordings, and the national death registry were used to determine the clinical end points. RESULTS: Pravastatin lowered plasma Cholesterol Levels by 20 percent and low-density-lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels by 26 percent, whereas there was no change with placebo. There were 248 definite coronary events (specified as nonfatal myocardial infarction or death from coronary heart disease) in the placebo group, and 174 in the pravastatin group (relative reduction in risk with pravastatin, 31 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 43 percent; P < 0.001). There were similar reductions in the risk of definite nonfatal myocardial infarctions (31 percent reduction, P < 0.001), death from coronary heart disease (definite cases alone: 28 percent reduction, P = 0.13; definite plus suspected cases: 33 percent reduction, P = 0.042), and death from all cardiovascular causes (32 percent reduction, P = 0.033). There was no excess of deaths from noncardiovascular causes in the pravastatin group. We observed a 22 percent reduction in the risk of death from any cause in the pravastatin group (95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 40 percent; P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with pravastatin significantly reduced the incidence of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes without adversely affecting the risk of death from noncardiovascular causes in men with moderate hyperCholesterolemia and no history of myocardial infarction.

  • prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hyperCholesterolemia west of scotland coronary prevention study group
    The New England Journal of Medicine, 1995
    Co-Authors: James Shepherd, Stuart M Cobbe, Ian Ford, Chris Isles, A R Lorimer, Peter W Macfarlane, J H Mckillop, Chris J Packard
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND Lowering the Blood Cholesterol Level may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. This double-blind study was designed to determine whether the administration of pravastatin to men with hyperCholesterolemia and no history of myocardial infarction reduced the combined incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction and death from coronary heart disease. METHODS We randomly assigned 6595 men, 45 to 64 years of age, with a mean (+/- SD) plasma Cholesterol Level of 272 +/- 23 mg per deciliter (7.0 +/- 0.6 mmol per liter) to receive pravastatin (40 mg each evening) or placebo. The average follow-up period was 4.9 years. Medical records, electrocardiographic recordings, and the national death registry were used to determine the clinical end points. RESULTS Pravastatin lowered plasma Cholesterol Levels by 20 percent and low-density-lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels by 26 percent, whereas there was no change with placebo. There were 248 definite coronary events (specified as nonfatal myocardial infarction or death from coronary heart disease) in the placebo group, and 174 in the pravastatin group (relative reduction in risk with pravastatin, 31 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 43 percent; P < 0.001). There were similar reductions in the risk of definite nonfatal myocardial infarctions (31 percent reduction, P < 0.001), death from coronary heart disease (definite cases alone: 28 percent reduction, P = 0.13; definite plus suspected cases: 33 percent reduction, P = 0.042), and death from all cardiovascular causes (32 percent reduction, P = 0.033). There was no excess of deaths from noncardiovascular causes in the pravastatin group. We observed a 22 percent reduction in the risk of death from any cause in the pravastatin group (95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 40 percent; P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with pravastatin significantly reduced the incidence of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes without adversely affecting the risk of death from noncardiovascular causes in men with moderate hyperCholesterolemia and no history of myocardial infarction.

Rahma Widyastuti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • PENGARUH PEMBERIAN SARI TEBU TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL DARAH PADA MENCIT
    Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, 2017
    Co-Authors: Rahma Widyastuti
    Abstract:

    PENGARUH PEMBERIAN SARI TEBU TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL DARAH PADA MENCIT Rahma Widyastuti, MKes Prodi D3 Analis Kesehatan UNMUH Surabaya   abstract Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a plant known by the public as a refreshing drink that tastes sweet and the price is quite economical and readily available. Sugarcane contains octacosanol compounds that can lower Cholesterol Levels in the Blood. Excessive Cholesterol (hyperCholesterolemia) a threat that is feared because as one of the causes of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Levels of Cholesterol in mice, to analyze Cholesterol Levels in mice after the administration of sugar cane juice, to analyze the effect of sugar cane juice on Cholesterol Levels in mice. This type of research conducted by a group of experimental methods with populations of mice (Mus musculus) were obtained from farms Bojonegoro. The research sample selected by criteria mice aged 2-3 months, weighing between 20-40 grams of the male sex, the amount of sample used two groups of mice, each group consisted of 16 mice. From the results of Blood Cholesterol Levels in mice after the administration of sugar cane juice, it is known that the average Cholesterol Level in the control group was 148.8750 mg / dl and value - average Blood Cholesterol treatment group was 118.2500 mg / dl. Statistically analyzed using a paired t test t value -3.799 obtained with significant value. (p) = 0.001 which is less than 0.05 then there is the effect (Ho is rejected) (t = -2.040 table). So we can conclude there is the effect of sugar cane juice on Blood Cholesterol Levels in mice. Key word : Sugarcane, Blood Cholesterol Level

Reni Farenia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of calcium bentonite on high Blood Cholesterol Level
    Althea Medical Journal, 2018
    Co-Authors: Hendro Sudjono Yuwono, Fadhli Rajif Tangke, Reni Farenia
    Abstract:

    Background : Calcium bentonite has been known to decrease high Blood Cholesterol Level. This study aimed to explore whether a local calcium bentonite from West Java, Indonesia, had effect on lowering total Blood Cholesterol Level. Methods : A laboratory experimental study was carried out on thirty adult male  Wistar rats’ at Laboratory animals, Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Universitas Padjadjaran in 2012. The rats were divided into five groups with six rats in each group, consisting of group I (negative control) with standard diet and distilled water, group II (positive control) with high lipid diet and distilled water, group III with high lipid diet and ezetimibe 0.18 g/rat/day, groups IV with high lipid diet and calcium bentonite 0.25 g/rat/day, group V with high lipid diet and calcium bentonite 0.5 g/rat/day. Ezetimibe as was used as this was an inhibitory agent of intestinal Cholesterol absorption. Blood Cholesterol Levels were measured and analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results : Oral calcium bentonite at 0.25 g/rat/day and 0.5 g/rat/day significantly decrease total Blood Cholesterol Level relative to the positive control group, 31.68% (p=0.018) and 32.87% (p=0.006) respectively, but its effect is inferior to ezetimibe 62.83% (p=0.000). Conclusions : Local calcium bentonite from West Java, Indonesia, has a significant lowering effect, however, the effect is less comparing to ezetimibe.

James Shepherd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hyperCholesterolemia
    The New England Journal of Medicine, 1995
    Co-Authors: James Shepherd, Stuart M Cobbe, Ian Ford, Chris Isles, A R Lorimer, Peter W Macfarlane, J H Mckillop, Chris J Packard
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Lowering the Blood Cholesterol Level may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. This double-blind study was designed to determine whether the administration of pravastatin to men with hyperCholesterolemia and no history of myocardial infarction reduced the combined incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction and death from coronary heart disease. METHODS: We randomly assigned 6595 men, 45 to 64 years of age, with a mean (+/- SD) plasma Cholesterol Level of 272 +/- 23 mg per deciliter (7.0 +/- 0.6 mmol per liter) to receive pravastatin (40 mg each evening) or placebo. The average follow-up period was 4.9 years. Medical records, electrocardiographic recordings, and the national death registry were used to determine the clinical end points. RESULTS: Pravastatin lowered plasma Cholesterol Levels by 20 percent and low-density-lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels by 26 percent, whereas there was no change with placebo. There were 248 definite coronary events (specified as nonfatal myocardial infarction or death from coronary heart disease) in the placebo group, and 174 in the pravastatin group (relative reduction in risk with pravastatin, 31 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 43 percent; P < 0.001). There were similar reductions in the risk of definite nonfatal myocardial infarctions (31 percent reduction, P < 0.001), death from coronary heart disease (definite cases alone: 28 percent reduction, P = 0.13; definite plus suspected cases: 33 percent reduction, P = 0.042), and death from all cardiovascular causes (32 percent reduction, P = 0.033). There was no excess of deaths from noncardiovascular causes in the pravastatin group. We observed a 22 percent reduction in the risk of death from any cause in the pravastatin group (95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 40 percent; P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with pravastatin significantly reduced the incidence of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes without adversely affecting the risk of death from noncardiovascular causes in men with moderate hyperCholesterolemia and no history of myocardial infarction.

  • prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hyperCholesterolemia west of scotland coronary prevention study group
    The New England Journal of Medicine, 1995
    Co-Authors: James Shepherd, Stuart M Cobbe, Ian Ford, Chris Isles, A R Lorimer, Peter W Macfarlane, J H Mckillop, Chris J Packard
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND Lowering the Blood Cholesterol Level may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. This double-blind study was designed to determine whether the administration of pravastatin to men with hyperCholesterolemia and no history of myocardial infarction reduced the combined incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction and death from coronary heart disease. METHODS We randomly assigned 6595 men, 45 to 64 years of age, with a mean (+/- SD) plasma Cholesterol Level of 272 +/- 23 mg per deciliter (7.0 +/- 0.6 mmol per liter) to receive pravastatin (40 mg each evening) or placebo. The average follow-up period was 4.9 years. Medical records, electrocardiographic recordings, and the national death registry were used to determine the clinical end points. RESULTS Pravastatin lowered plasma Cholesterol Levels by 20 percent and low-density-lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels by 26 percent, whereas there was no change with placebo. There were 248 definite coronary events (specified as nonfatal myocardial infarction or death from coronary heart disease) in the placebo group, and 174 in the pravastatin group (relative reduction in risk with pravastatin, 31 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 43 percent; P < 0.001). There were similar reductions in the risk of definite nonfatal myocardial infarctions (31 percent reduction, P < 0.001), death from coronary heart disease (definite cases alone: 28 percent reduction, P = 0.13; definite plus suspected cases: 33 percent reduction, P = 0.042), and death from all cardiovascular causes (32 percent reduction, P = 0.033). There was no excess of deaths from noncardiovascular causes in the pravastatin group. We observed a 22 percent reduction in the risk of death from any cause in the pravastatin group (95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 40 percent; P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with pravastatin significantly reduced the incidence of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes without adversely affecting the risk of death from noncardiovascular causes in men with moderate hyperCholesterolemia and no history of myocardial infarction.

Rr Sri Endang Pujiastuti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the effect of chocolate consumption theobroma cacao l on Level of Blood Cholesterol and triglyceride in hypertension patients at jatiroto health center indonesia
    GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal), 2019
    Co-Authors: Muzaroah Ermawati Ulkhasanah, Suharyo Hadisaputro, Rr Sri Endang Pujiastuti
    Abstract:

    Background : Hypertension is influenced by lifestyle factors such as high fat intake which has the potential for high Blood Cholesterol Level. Cocoa products, which are rich sources of flavonoids, have been shown to reduce Blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Aims : The purpose of this research is to examine the dark chocolate consumption in decreasing the Level of Blood Cholesterol and triglyceride in hypertension patients. Methods : This research is a quasi-experiment study with pre and post and control group design. There were thirty two (32) hypertensive patients selected from Jatiroto Health Center in June-July 2018 using a random sampling technique. The respondents were then divided to (1) a control group where patients were prescribed to a popular non-pharmacological therapy Simvastatin and (2) an intervention group where the respondents were prescribed with Simvastatin and also received an additional dark chocolate 60gr/day (given twice a day, each 30gr) for 15 days. A spectrophotometer glycerol phosphate oxidase (GPO-POD) with 546 nm wavelength was employed to measure the Levels of Blood Cholesterol and triglyceride. The significant mean difference between pre and posttest, and the changes between control and intervention group were defined by statistical analysis T -test. Results : This study acknowledged that the prescribed simvastatin alone presents a significant contribution to decrease the Cholesterol Level at 14.40 point ( p value = 0.041), however, the generic is not enough to deliver a significant effect to the decrease of triglyceride Level in the hypertension patients ( p value = 0.361). A great contribution to the depression of Cholesterol and triglyceride Level in the hypertensive respondent was observed if simvastatin prescription was combined with a provision of 60 gram dark chocolate, respectively to the Level of 57.06 and 38.41 mg/dL with p value = 0.001. The addition of dark chocolate in the simvastatin prescription will significantly reduce the Blood Cholesterol Level ( p value = 0.020), but not really effective to reduce the triglyceride ( p value = 0.560). Conclusion: The findings suggest that giving dark chocolate to the hypertensive patients who receive simvastatin prescription will decrease the Cholesterol and triglyceride Levels greater than the consumption of simvastatin drugs alone. Keywords :  Dark chocolate, Simvastatin, Hypertension, Cholesterol, Triglyceride

  • The effect of chocolate consumption (Theobroma cacao L.) on Level of Blood Cholesterol and triglyceride in hypertension patients at Jatiroto Health Center, Indonesia
    Yayasan Aliansi Cendekiawan Indonesia Thailand, 2019
    Co-Authors: Muzaroah Ermawati Ulkhasanah, Suharyo Hadisaputro, Rr Sri Endang Pujiastuti
    Abstract:

    Background: Hypertension is influenced by lifestyle factors such as high fat intake which has the potential for high Blood Cholesterol Level. Cocoa products, which are rich sources of flavonoids, have been shown to reduce Blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Aims: The purpose of this research is to examine the dark chocolate consumption in decreasing the Level of Blood Cholesterol and triglyceride in hypertension patients. Methods: This research is a quasi-experiment study with pre and post and control group design. There were thirty two (32) hypertensive patients selected from Jatiroto Health Center in June-July 2018 using a random sampling technique. The respondents were then divided to (1) a control group where patients were prescribed to a popular non-pharmacological therapy Simvastatin and (2) an intervention group where the respondents were prescribed with Simvastatin and also received an additional dark chocolate 60gr/day (given twice a day, each 30gr) for 15 days. A spectrophotometer glycerol phosphate oxidase (GPO-POD) with 546 nm wavelength was employed to measure the Levels of Blood Cholesterol and triglyceride. The significant mean difference between pre and posttest, and the changes between control and intervention group were defined by statistical analysis T-test. Results: This study acknowledged that the prescribed simvastatin alone presents a significant contribution to decrease the Cholesterol Level at 14.40 point (p value = 0.041), however, the generic is not enough to deliver a significant effect to the decrease of triglyceride Level in the hypertension patients (p value = 0.361). A great contribution to the depression of Cholesterol and triglyceride Level in the hypertensive respondent was observed if simvastatin prescription was combined with a provision of 60 gram dark chocolate, respectively to the Level of 57.06 and 38.41 mg/dL with p value = 0.001. The addition of dark chocolate in the simvastatin prescription will significantly reduce the Blood Cholesterol Level (p value = 0.020), but not really effective to reduce the triglyceride (p value = 0.560). Conclusion: The findings suggest that giving dark chocolate to the hypertensive patients who receive simvastatin prescription will decrease the Cholesterol and triglyceride Levels greater than the consumption of simvastatin drugs alone.   Keywords: Dark chocolate, Simvastatin, Hypertension, Cholesterol, Triglycerid