The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael J Curtis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Reprint of "Safety Pharmacology in 2014: New focus on non-cardiac methods and models".
Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 2014Co-Authors: Michael K. Pugsley, Simon Authier, Jill A. Dalton, Michael J CurtisAbstract:Abstract “What do you know about Safety Pharmacology?” This is the question that was asked in 2000 with the inception of the Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS). There is now a widespread awareness of the role of safety Pharmacology in drug discovery and increasing awareness among the wider community of methods and models used in the assessment of the core battery required set of safety studies. However, safety Pharmacology does not stop with core battery studies. New methods are intensively sought in order to achieve a swifter and more reliable assessment of adverse effect liability. The dynamics of the discipline and method expansion are reflected in the content of this issue of the Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods (JPTM). We are into the second decade of publishing on safety Pharmacology methods and models, reflected by the annual themed issue in JPTM, and on willingness of investigators to embrace new technologies and methodologies. This years' themed issue is derived from the annual Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS) meeting, held in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, in 2013.
-
Safety Pharmacology in 2014: New focus on non-cardiac methods and models
Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 2014Co-Authors: Michael K. Pugsley, Simon Authier, Jill A. Dalton, Michael J CurtisAbstract:“What do you know about Safety Pharmacology?” This is the question that was asked in 2000 with the inception of the Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS). There is now a widespread awareness of the role of safety Pharmacology in drug discovery and increasing awareness among the wider community of methods and models used in the assessment of the core battery required set of safety studies. However, safety Pharmacology does not stop with core battery studies. New methods are intensively sought in order to achieve a swifter and more reliable assessment of adverse effect liability. The dynamics of the discipline and method expansion are reflected in the content of this issue of the Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods (JPTM). We are into the second decade of publishing on safety Pharmacology methods and models, reflected by the annual themed issue in JPTM, and on willingness of investigators to embrace new technologies and methodologies. This years' themed issue is derived from the annual Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS) meeting, held in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, in 2013.
-
Back to the future: Safety Pharmacology methods and models in 2013
Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 2013Co-Authors: Michael K. Pugsley, Simon Authier, Michael J CurtisAbstract:Abstract Safety Pharmacology continues to seek to validate and refine methods for use in preclinical detection of adverse effect liability. Almost uniquely in Pharmacology, drug safety assessment by safety pharmacologists is driven by the need for elaboration and validation of methods for detecting drug actions. This is the 10th consecutive year that the Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods (JPTM) has published themed issues arising from the annual meeting of the Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS), most recently held in Phoenix, AZ in 2012. The SPS is now into its 13th year as a distinct (from Pharmacology and Toxicology) discipline that integrates safety pharmacologists from industry with those in academia and the various global regulatory authorities. Some of the unique sessions of the 2012 meeting included (i) Oncology Therapies, (ii) Assessment of Cardiac Function and (iii) The Growing Role of Safety Pharmacology. This issue of JPTM reflects these themes. As with the previous 10 issues of the Journal , the manuscripts in this issue encompass a broad spectrum of safety Pharmacology topics including application of state-of-the-art methods in keeping with the directive of the ICH S7A guidance document emphasizing “…the use of new technologies and methodologies in accordance with sound scientific principles…” study conduct and data analysis, processing and evaluation. This includes some exciting new applications with well validated in vitro and ex vivo safety Pharmacology models, refinements in high throughput screening methods with application for use in early safety Pharmacology assessments, modified supplemental safety methods meant to evaluate potential adverse pharmacodynamic effects on organ system functions not addressed by the core battery and heart rate variability in non-human primates (NHP). Additionally a series of fascinating articles examining the effects of known drugs on electrophysiological and contractile function in human induced (iPSC-CM) and embryonic (hESC-CM) stem cells are presented. A historical review on hERG channel electrophysiology and channel characterization, efforts of the HESI Cardiac Technical Safety Committee since its inception and an overview of the dynamic and vibrant Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS) are also included in this issue.
-
Arrhythmogenic liability screening in cardiovascular safety Pharmacology: commonality between non-clinical safety Pharmacology and clinical thorough QT (TQT) studies.
Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 2010Co-Authors: Simon Authier, Michael K. Pugsley, Eric Troncy, Michael J CurtisAbstract:Multiple ECG analysis strategies are used in safety Pharmacology in a framework focused on accurate ECG complex interval quantification and arrhythmia detection. Automated arrhythmia detection is commonly used in the clinic and adapted tools may be used to facilitate analysis of large non-clinical datasets in safety Pharmacology. The ICH E14 guideline (for Thorough QT Studies (TQT) conducted in healthy volunteers) supports manual and semi-automated ECG evaluation by skilled readers with a single operator analyzing all the ECG recordings from a given subject to minimize observer bias. Both fully automated and semi-automated ECG analysis programs may be used in safety Pharmacology studies. Based on power analysis, a group size of approximately n = 18 per study arm is the minimal requirement in TQT studies to provide the sensitivity to detect a 5 ms QT interval prolongation. This sample size differs markedly from common safety Pharmacology non-clinical study designs. New technologies such as the jacketed external telemetry (JET) ECG system may facilitate achievement of a smaller group size in integrated cardiovascular safety Pharmacology risk assessment. TQT and cardiovascular safety Pharmacology studies share several common experimental and scientific limitations which may benefit from technological advances. Sensitivity expectations in non-clinical studies should be commensurate with sample size and further investigations including power analyses and comparison between fully automated and semi-automated ECG analysis may help better characterize detection thresholds. Reducing overall variability, increasing reproducibility of ECG interval measurements and enhancing arrhythmia detection strategies are the cornerstones of data analysis in cardiovascular safety Pharmacology and will likely continue to attract considerable attention in the safety Pharmacology community.
-
principles of safety Pharmacology
British Journal of Pharmacology, 2008Co-Authors: Michael K. Pugsley, Simo Authie, Michael J CurtisAbstract:Safety Pharmacology is a rapidly developing discipline that uses the basic principles of Pharmacology in a regulatory-driven process to generate data to inform risk/benefit assessment. The aim of Safety Pharmacology is to characterize the pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic (PK/PD) relationship of a drug's adverse effects using continuously evolving methodology. Unlike toxicology, Safety Pharmacology includes within its remit a regulatory requirement to predict the risk of rare lethal events. This gives Safety Pharmacology its unique character. The key issues for Safety Pharmacology are detection of an adverse effect liability, projection of the data into safety margin calculation and finally clinical safety monitoring. This article sets out to explain the drivers for Safety Pharmacology so that the wider Pharmacology community is better placed to understand the discipline. It concludes with a summary of principles that may help inform future resolution of unmet needs (especially establishing model validation for accurate risk assessment). Subsequent articles in this issue of the journal address specific aspects of Safety Pharmacology to explore the issues of model choice, the burden of proof and to highlight areas of intensive activity (such as testing for drug-induced rare event liability, and the challenge of testing the safety of so-called biologics (antibodies, gene therapy and so on.).
Michael K. Pugsley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Reprint of "Safety Pharmacology in 2014: New focus on non-cardiac methods and models".
Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 2014Co-Authors: Michael K. Pugsley, Simon Authier, Jill A. Dalton, Michael J CurtisAbstract:Abstract “What do you know about Safety Pharmacology?” This is the question that was asked in 2000 with the inception of the Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS). There is now a widespread awareness of the role of safety Pharmacology in drug discovery and increasing awareness among the wider community of methods and models used in the assessment of the core battery required set of safety studies. However, safety Pharmacology does not stop with core battery studies. New methods are intensively sought in order to achieve a swifter and more reliable assessment of adverse effect liability. The dynamics of the discipline and method expansion are reflected in the content of this issue of the Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods (JPTM). We are into the second decade of publishing on safety Pharmacology methods and models, reflected by the annual themed issue in JPTM, and on willingness of investigators to embrace new technologies and methodologies. This years' themed issue is derived from the annual Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS) meeting, held in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, in 2013.
-
Safety Pharmacology in 2014: New focus on non-cardiac methods and models
Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 2014Co-Authors: Michael K. Pugsley, Simon Authier, Jill A. Dalton, Michael J CurtisAbstract:“What do you know about Safety Pharmacology?” This is the question that was asked in 2000 with the inception of the Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS). There is now a widespread awareness of the role of safety Pharmacology in drug discovery and increasing awareness among the wider community of methods and models used in the assessment of the core battery required set of safety studies. However, safety Pharmacology does not stop with core battery studies. New methods are intensively sought in order to achieve a swifter and more reliable assessment of adverse effect liability. The dynamics of the discipline and method expansion are reflected in the content of this issue of the Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods (JPTM). We are into the second decade of publishing on safety Pharmacology methods and models, reflected by the annual themed issue in JPTM, and on willingness of investigators to embrace new technologies and methodologies. This years' themed issue is derived from the annual Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS) meeting, held in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, in 2013.
-
Back to the future: Safety Pharmacology methods and models in 2013
Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 2013Co-Authors: Michael K. Pugsley, Simon Authier, Michael J CurtisAbstract:Abstract Safety Pharmacology continues to seek to validate and refine methods for use in preclinical detection of adverse effect liability. Almost uniquely in Pharmacology, drug safety assessment by safety pharmacologists is driven by the need for elaboration and validation of methods for detecting drug actions. This is the 10th consecutive year that the Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods (JPTM) has published themed issues arising from the annual meeting of the Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS), most recently held in Phoenix, AZ in 2012. The SPS is now into its 13th year as a distinct (from Pharmacology and Toxicology) discipline that integrates safety pharmacologists from industry with those in academia and the various global regulatory authorities. Some of the unique sessions of the 2012 meeting included (i) Oncology Therapies, (ii) Assessment of Cardiac Function and (iii) The Growing Role of Safety Pharmacology. This issue of JPTM reflects these themes. As with the previous 10 issues of the Journal , the manuscripts in this issue encompass a broad spectrum of safety Pharmacology topics including application of state-of-the-art methods in keeping with the directive of the ICH S7A guidance document emphasizing “…the use of new technologies and methodologies in accordance with sound scientific principles…” study conduct and data analysis, processing and evaluation. This includes some exciting new applications with well validated in vitro and ex vivo safety Pharmacology models, refinements in high throughput screening methods with application for use in early safety Pharmacology assessments, modified supplemental safety methods meant to evaluate potential adverse pharmacodynamic effects on organ system functions not addressed by the core battery and heart rate variability in non-human primates (NHP). Additionally a series of fascinating articles examining the effects of known drugs on electrophysiological and contractile function in human induced (iPSC-CM) and embryonic (hESC-CM) stem cells are presented. A historical review on hERG channel electrophysiology and channel characterization, efforts of the HESI Cardiac Technical Safety Committee since its inception and an overview of the dynamic and vibrant Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS) are also included in this issue.
-
Arrhythmogenic liability screening in cardiovascular safety Pharmacology: commonality between non-clinical safety Pharmacology and clinical thorough QT (TQT) studies.
Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 2010Co-Authors: Simon Authier, Michael K. Pugsley, Eric Troncy, Michael J CurtisAbstract:Multiple ECG analysis strategies are used in safety Pharmacology in a framework focused on accurate ECG complex interval quantification and arrhythmia detection. Automated arrhythmia detection is commonly used in the clinic and adapted tools may be used to facilitate analysis of large non-clinical datasets in safety Pharmacology. The ICH E14 guideline (for Thorough QT Studies (TQT) conducted in healthy volunteers) supports manual and semi-automated ECG evaluation by skilled readers with a single operator analyzing all the ECG recordings from a given subject to minimize observer bias. Both fully automated and semi-automated ECG analysis programs may be used in safety Pharmacology studies. Based on power analysis, a group size of approximately n = 18 per study arm is the minimal requirement in TQT studies to provide the sensitivity to detect a 5 ms QT interval prolongation. This sample size differs markedly from common safety Pharmacology non-clinical study designs. New technologies such as the jacketed external telemetry (JET) ECG system may facilitate achievement of a smaller group size in integrated cardiovascular safety Pharmacology risk assessment. TQT and cardiovascular safety Pharmacology studies share several common experimental and scientific limitations which may benefit from technological advances. Sensitivity expectations in non-clinical studies should be commensurate with sample size and further investigations including power analyses and comparison between fully automated and semi-automated ECG analysis may help better characterize detection thresholds. Reducing overall variability, increasing reproducibility of ECG interval measurements and enhancing arrhythmia detection strategies are the cornerstones of data analysis in cardiovascular safety Pharmacology and will likely continue to attract considerable attention in the safety Pharmacology community.
-
principles of safety Pharmacology
British Journal of Pharmacology, 2008Co-Authors: Michael K. Pugsley, Simo Authie, Michael J CurtisAbstract:Safety Pharmacology is a rapidly developing discipline that uses the basic principles of Pharmacology in a regulatory-driven process to generate data to inform risk/benefit assessment. The aim of Safety Pharmacology is to characterize the pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic (PK/PD) relationship of a drug's adverse effects using continuously evolving methodology. Unlike toxicology, Safety Pharmacology includes within its remit a regulatory requirement to predict the risk of rare lethal events. This gives Safety Pharmacology its unique character. The key issues for Safety Pharmacology are detection of an adverse effect liability, projection of the data into safety margin calculation and finally clinical safety monitoring. This article sets out to explain the drivers for Safety Pharmacology so that the wider Pharmacology community is better placed to understand the discipline. It concludes with a summary of principles that may help inform future resolution of unmet needs (especially establishing model validation for accurate risk assessment). Subsequent articles in this issue of the journal address specific aspects of Safety Pharmacology to explore the issues of model choice, the burden of proof and to highlight areas of intensive activity (such as testing for drug-induced rare event liability, and the challenge of testing the safety of so-called biologics (antibodies, gene therapy and so on.).
Simon Authier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Is there a role for the no observed adverse effect level in safety Pharmacology
Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods, 2020Co-Authors: Tomas Mow, Simon Authier, Jean-pierre Valentin, Alan S. Bass, Carrie Markgraf, Ninette K. Andersen, Nils Dragsted, Anders B. Lassen, Morten Laursen, Theodore J. BairdAbstract:In nonclinical toxicology the highest dose or exposure without test article-related adverse effects, known as the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL), is a variable that may be determined. In safety Pharmacology the vast majority of the endpoints measured are quantitative numeric functional endpoints such as changes in heart rate, blood pressure or respiratory frequency, endpoints that are usually not assessed using a defined framework of adversity. Therefore, we asked the question: is there a role for the NOAEL in safety Pharmacology? To populate our consideration, we conducted a survey via the Safety Pharmacology Society. We found that within safety Pharmacology there is no formal definition of adversity and no guidance on defining NOAEL. We also found, perhaps unsurprisingly, there is no agreed rubric for using a NOAEL in safety Pharmacology and we learned that the NOAEL is not a requirement in order to progress a new investigational drug through the regulatory process. Thus, a summary label such as NOAEL lacks nuance and disregards context in relation to the nature and the severity of the safety Pharmacology findings. Consequently, defining ‘adversity’ and determining a NOAEL in safety Pharmacology studies are not recommended since the range of functional endpoints investigated do not conform to a binary ‘toxic/non-toxic’ rubric. Focusing on describing test article-related effects on safety Pharmacology endpoints, using reasoned arguments as part of an integrated risk assessment, will ensure that the clinical pharmacologists and regulatory bodies see a clear description of relevant findings at each dose or exposure level. This will inform a narrative about the potential risks of the test article and support a recommendation for optimal dose setting and optimal monitoring of vital signs in clinical trials
-
Is there a role for the no observed adverse effect level in safety Pharmacology
Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 2020Co-Authors: Tomas Mow, Simon Authier, Jean-pierre Valentin, Alan S. Bass, Carrie Markgraf, Ninette K. Andersen, Nils Dragsted, Anders B. Lassen, Morten Laursen, Theodore J. BairdAbstract:Abstract In nonclinical toxicology the highest dose or exposure without test article-related adverse effects, known as the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL), is a variable that may be determined. In safety Pharmacology the vast majority of the endpoints measured are quantitative numeric functional endpoints such as changes in heart rate, blood pressure or respiratory frequency, endpoints that are usually not assessed using a defined framework of adversity. Therefore, we asked the question: is there a role for the NOAEL in safety Pharmacology? To help answer this question, we conducted a survey via the Safety Pharmacology Society. We found that within safety Pharmacology there is no formal definition of adversity and no guidance on defining NOAEL. We also found, perhaps unsurprisingly, there is no agreed rubric for using a NOAEL in safety Pharmacology and we learned that the NOAEL is not a requirement in order to progress a new investigational drug through the regulatory process. Thus, a summary label such as NOAEL lacks nuance and disregards context in relation to the nature and the severity of the safety Pharmacology findings. Consequently, defining ‘adversity’ and determining a NOAEL in safety Pharmacology studies are not recommended since the range of functional endpoints investigated do not conform to a binary ‘toxic/non-toxic’ rubric. Focusing on describing test article-related effects on safety Pharmacology endpoints, using reasoned arguments as part of an integrated risk assessment, will ensure that the clinical pharmacologists and regulatory bodies see a clear description of relevant findings at each dose or exposure level.
-
An Industry Survey With Focus on Cardiovascular Safety Pharmacology Study Design and Data Interpretation.
International Journal of Toxicology, 2020Co-Authors: Simon Authier, John Koerner, Jill A. Dalton, Krystle Correll, Matthew Abernathy, Ray W. Chui, C Michael Foley, Gregory S. Friedrichs, Mary Jeanne Kallman, Malar PannirselvamAbstract:Introduction:The Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS) conducted a membership survey to examine industry practices related mainly to cardiovascular (CV) safety Pharmacology (SP).Methods:Questions addre...
-
Reprint of "Safety Pharmacology in 2014: New focus on non-cardiac methods and models".
Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 2014Co-Authors: Michael K. Pugsley, Simon Authier, Jill A. Dalton, Michael J CurtisAbstract:Abstract “What do you know about Safety Pharmacology?” This is the question that was asked in 2000 with the inception of the Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS). There is now a widespread awareness of the role of safety Pharmacology in drug discovery and increasing awareness among the wider community of methods and models used in the assessment of the core battery required set of safety studies. However, safety Pharmacology does not stop with core battery studies. New methods are intensively sought in order to achieve a swifter and more reliable assessment of adverse effect liability. The dynamics of the discipline and method expansion are reflected in the content of this issue of the Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods (JPTM). We are into the second decade of publishing on safety Pharmacology methods and models, reflected by the annual themed issue in JPTM, and on willingness of investigators to embrace new technologies and methodologies. This years' themed issue is derived from the annual Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS) meeting, held in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, in 2013.
-
Safety Pharmacology in 2014: New focus on non-cardiac methods and models
Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 2014Co-Authors: Michael K. Pugsley, Simon Authier, Jill A. Dalton, Michael J CurtisAbstract:“What do you know about Safety Pharmacology?” This is the question that was asked in 2000 with the inception of the Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS). There is now a widespread awareness of the role of safety Pharmacology in drug discovery and increasing awareness among the wider community of methods and models used in the assessment of the core battery required set of safety studies. However, safety Pharmacology does not stop with core battery studies. New methods are intensively sought in order to achieve a swifter and more reliable assessment of adverse effect liability. The dynamics of the discipline and method expansion are reflected in the content of this issue of the Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods (JPTM). We are into the second decade of publishing on safety Pharmacology methods and models, reflected by the annual themed issue in JPTM, and on willingness of investigators to embrace new technologies and methodologies. This years' themed issue is derived from the annual Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS) meeting, held in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, in 2013.
Cedric M. Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Development of innovative teaching materials: clinical Pharmacology problem-solving (CPPS) units: comparison with patient-oriented problem-solving units and problem-based learning--a 10-year review.
The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2002Co-Authors: Claire M. Lathers, Cedric M. SmithAbstract:Abstract The First Teaching Clinic in Clinical Pharmacology, sponsored by the American College of Clinical Pharmacology in September 1992, was designed for the preparation and development of new clinical Pharmacology problem-solving (CPPS) units. CPPS units are case histories that illustrate pertinent principles in clinical Pharmacology. Each unit consists of the following sections: introduction, learning objectives, pretest, four clinical Pharmacology scenarios, posttest, answers to pre- and posttest questions, and selected references. The clinical Pharmacology content of the CPPS units place greater emphasis on clinical information, drug selection, and risk/benefit analyses, and thus they complement the basic Pharmacology presented in the patient-oriented problem-solving (POPS) units. In general, the CPPS units are intended for use by students more advanced in clinical Pharmacology than first- and second-year medical students. The CPPS unit "Clinical Pharmacology of Antiepileptic Drug Use: Clinical Pearls about the Perils of Patty" was developed for use by third- and fourth-year medical students doing rotations in neurology or clinical Pharmacology; advanced pharmacy students; residents in neurology, pediatrics, internal medicine, and family practice; fellows in clinical Pharmacology, and those taking the board examination in clinical Pharmacology. The CPPS unit titled "Geriatric Clinical PsychoPharmacology" was written for third- and fourth-year medical students; residents in psychiatry, family practice, and internal medicine;fellows in clinical Pharmacology; and those studying for boards in clinical Pharmacology. The CPPS unit "Anisocoria and Glaucoma" was written for more advanced students of clinical Pharmacology. The CPPS unit titled "Antiepileptic Drugs" was intended for second-year medical students. The second teaching clinic was held in November 1993 and focused on the development and editing of the CPPS units and their evaluations by faculty and students from academic centers. Evaluations by faculty and students have been overwhelmingly positive. Requests to use the CPPS units in various clinical Pharmacology teaching programs were received from numerous schools within the United States and from abroad. The third teaching clinic in September 1995 included a follow-up focused on the uses of drug information databases in case problem exercises. These examples are presented to demonstrate the variety of educational activities the American College of Clinical Pharmacology is sponsoring to fulfill its strategic initiative dedicated to offer innovative teaching programs and to develop new teaching materials in clinical Pharmacology. Collectively, all of the teaching clinics, symposia, and workshop efforts, sponsored by the various academic professional societies alone or together over the past decade, are necessary if new and innovative teaching materials in the field of basic science and in the fields of Pharmacology and clinical Pharmacology are to be continuously developed to keep pace with the new, rapidly changing developments in medicine to provide the best treatment for patients in the 21st century.
Martin C. Michel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Publication trends in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology: focus on Pharmacology in Egypt
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: Mahmoud M. El-mas, Hanan M. El-gowelli, Martin C. MichelAbstract:In a previous analysis of the country of origin of papers published in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology, a major shift toward contributions from emerging market countries, was noticed in comparison of 2010 to 2001 publications. Repeating such analysis for 2012 publications in the journal confirmed this trend. An interesting new trend was the emerging presence of papers from a variety of Islamic countries including Egypt. Based on this trend, we shortly review the history and current structure of Pharmacology in Egypt. It appears that the presence of Egyptian Pharmacology in international journals including Pharmacology journals has sharply been increasing over the last two decades. Challenges for a continuation of this encouraging trend are being discussed.
-
Emerging country Pharmacology: a 10-year perspective from Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2011Co-Authors: Márcio M. Coelho, Irmgard Tegeder, Martin C. MichelAbstract:Having been founded in 1873 as Archiv fur experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie, Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology is the oldest existing Pharmacology journal. Historically, it has been a flagship journal for German language Pharmacology but following publication of papers in English since 1973, it has increasingly become international (Starke 1998). In the past, most published primary research in this and many other leading Pharmacology journals came from Western Europe, Northern America and Japan, but in recent years, other parts of the world increasingly contribute to the advancement of pharmacological knowledge. To explore how this is reflected in the pharmacological literature, we have compared the countries of origin of published papers in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology in 2001 and 2010.
