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Chan Fanfa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Concentration and influential factors of umbilical cord Blood Lead among newborns in wengyuan guangdong province
Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2014Co-Authors: Chan FanfaAbstract:Objective To investigate the Concentration of umbilical cord Blood Lead and its influential factors in Wengyuan county,Guangdong province and to provide a scientific foundation for prenatal and postnatal care. Methods Overall 576 pregnant women giving birth to their children in Wengyuan Maternity and Child Healthcare and Xinjiang Health Center were asked to take a questionnaire survey and their umbilical cord Blood samples were collected by welltrained doctors during 1st September,2011 and 31 th August,2012. Results For the participants,the Concentration range of umbilical cord Blood Lead was 12. 77- 253. 63 μg /L,and the median and interquartile of umbilical cord Blood Lead Concentration were 31. 96 μg /L and 18. 37 μg /L,respectively. There were 44(7. 64%) of the Blood samples with the Lead Concentration higher than 100 μg /L. Univariate analyses indicated that a distance of over 50 meters from residence to road(odds ratio[OR]= 0. 39,95% confidence interval[95% CI]:0. 19- 0. 78),average time of 30 minutes to the road by walking(OR = 2. 51,95% CI:1. 30- 4. 84),drinking coffee(OR = 4. 47,95% CI:2. 38- 8. 39),drinking tea( OR =3. 00,95% CI:1. 60- 5. 62),and calcium supplement( OR = 0. 26,95% CI:0. 13- 0. 52) were all associated with umbilical cord Blood Lead Concentration. Multivariate analyses indicated that drinking coffee( OR = 3. 58,95% CI:1. 11-11. 57) and calcium supplement(OR = 0. 31,95% CI:0. 10- 0. 97) were associated with umbilical cord Blood Lead Concentration. Conclusion The Lead Concentration in umbilical cord Blood is relatively high among the newborns in Wengyuan county of Guangdong province. The distance from residence to road and life habits of the pregnant woman are significantly associated with the Lead Concentration in umbilical cord Blood.
Bruce P. Lanphear - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Blood Lead Concentration
Environmental health perspectives, 2008Co-Authors: Todd A Jusko, Charles R Henderson, Bruce P. Lanphear, Deborah A. Cory-slechta, Patrick J. Parsons, Richard L CanfieldAbstract:Cohort studies of children during the 1980s in North America, Europe, and Australia documented that Blood Lead Concentrations of at least 10 μg/dL are inversely associated with cognitive test scores in children (Needleman and Gatsonis 1990; Pocock et al. 1994; Schwartz 1994). These findings led to the 1991 revision of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) definition of an elevated Blood Lead Concentration, which was lowered from 25 to 10 μg/dL (CDC 1991). Accumulating evidence since 1991 suggests that children’s intellectual ability is adversely affected at Blood Lead Concentrations < 10 μg/dL (Bellinger and Needleman 2003; Canfield et al. 2003a, 2004; Chiodo et al. 2004; Lanphear et al. 2000, 2005; Schnaas et al. 2006; Schwartz 1994; Surkan et al. 2007; Tellez-Rojo et al. 2006). To examine some of this evidence in detail, a working group (Weitzman et al. 2004) was convened by the CDC, and the fifth revision of the CDC’s Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children was issued in 2005 (CDC 2005b). The working group concluded that the “overall weight of evidence supports an inverse association between Blood Lead levels < 10 μg/dL and the cognitive function of children,” with the caveat that the available data were limited by the small number of “directly relevant cohort studies”—studies that include multiple measures of Lead exposure throughout early life and key covariate information to reduce the potential for residual confounding (CDC 2005b). Despite the conclusions reached by the working group, the CDC definition of an elevated Blood Lead level was not lowered at that time (CDC 2005b). This report, based on a prospective study that includes eight measures of children’s Blood Lead Concentrations from 6 months to 6 years of age and that includes measures of key potential confounders in the Lead–IQ relation, meets the criteria for a study that is directly relevant to assess questions of possible cognitive effects of Lead exposure at Blood Lead Concentrations < 10 μg/dL.
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low level environmental Lead exposure and children s intellectual function an international pooled analysis
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2005Co-Authors: Bruce P. Lanphear, Richard L Canfield, Richard W. Hornung, Peter A. Baghurst, David C Bellinger, Jane Khoury, Kimberly Yolton, Kim N. DietrichAbstract:Lead is a confirmed neurotoxin, but questions remain about Lead-associated intellectual deficits at Blood Lead levels < 10 µg/dL and whether lower exposures are, for a given change in exposure, associated with greater deficits. The objective of this study was to examine the association of intelligence test scores and Blood Lead Concentration, especially for children who had maximal measured Blood Lead levels < 10 µg/dL. We examined data collected from 1,333 children who participated in seven international population-based longitudinal cohort studies, followed from birth or infancy until 5‐10 years of age. The full-scale IQ score was the primary outcome measure. The geometric mean Blood Lead Concentration of the children peaked at 17.8 µg/dL and declined to 9.4 µg/dL by 5‐7 years of age; 244 (18%) children had a maximal Blood Lead Concentration < 10 µg/dL, and 103 (8%) had a maximal Blood Lead Concentration < 7.5 µg/dL. After adjustment for covariates, we found an inverse relationship between Blood Lead Concentration and IQ score. Using a loglinear model, we found a 6.9 IQ point decrement [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.2‐9.4] associated with an increase in concurrent Blood Lead levels from 2.4 to 30 µg/dL. The estimated IQ point decrements associated with an increase in Blood Lead from 2.4 to 10 µg/dL, 10 to 20 µg/dL, and 20 to 30 µg/dL were 3.9 (95% CI, 2.4‐5.3), 1.9 (95% CI, 1.2‐2.6), and 1.1 (95% CI, 0.7‐1.5), respectively. For a given increase in Blood Lead, the Lead-associated intellectual decrement for children with a maximal Blood Lead level < 7.5 µg/dL was significantly greater than that observed for those with a maximal Blood Lead level ≥ 7.5 µg/dL (p = 0.015). We conclude that environmental Lead exposure in children who have maximal Blood Lead levels < 7.5 µg/dL is asso
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intellectual impairment in children with Blood Lead Concentrations below 10 μg per deciliter
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Richard L Canfield, Charles R Henderson, Deborah A Coryslechta, Todd A Jusko, Bruce P. LanphearAbstract:background Despite dramatic declines in children’s Blood Lead Concentrations and a lowering of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s level of concern to 10 µg per deciliter (0.483 µmol per liter), little is known about children’s neurobehavioral functioning at Lead Concentrations below this level. methods We measured Blood Lead Concentrations in 172 children at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months of age and administered the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale at the ages of 3 and 5 years. The relation between IQ and Blood Lead Concentration was estimated with the use of linear and nonlinear mixed models, with adjustment for maternal IQ, quality of the home environment, and other potential confounders. results The Blood Lead Concentration was inversely and significantly associated with IQ. In the linear model, each increase of 10 µg per deciliter in the lifetime average Blood Lead Concentration was associated with a 4.6-point decrease in IQ (P=0.004), whereas for the subsample of 101 children whose maximal Lead Concentrations remained below 10 µg per deciliter, the change in IQ associated with a given change in Lead Concentration was greater. When estimated in a nonlinear model with the full sample, IQ declined by 7.4 points as lifetime average Blood Lead Concentrations increased from 1 to 10 µg per deciliter. conclusions Blood Lead Concentrations, even those below 10 µg per deciliter, are inversely associated with children’s IQ scores at three and five years of age, and associated declines in IQ are greater at these Concentrations than at higher Concentrations. These findings suggest that more U.S. children may be adversely affected by environmental Lead than previously estimated.
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Vitamin D receptor Fok1 polymorphism and Blood Lead Concentration in children.
Environmental health perspectives, 2003Co-Authors: Erin N. Haynes, Heidi J. Kalkwarf, Richard W. Hornung, Richard J. Wenstrup, Kim N. Dietrich, Bruce P. LanphearAbstract:Variation in Blood Lead Concentration is caused by a complex interaction of environmental, social, nutritional, and genetic factors. We evaluated the association between Blood Lead Concentration and a vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism. Environmental samples and Blood were analyzed for Lead, nutritional and behavioral factors were assessed, and VDR -Fok1 genotype was determined in 245 children. We found a significant interaction between floor dust Lead and genotype on Blood Lead Concentration. For every 1 microg/ft(2) increase in floor dust, children with VDR -FF genotype had a 1.1% increase in Blood Lead [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69-1.5], VDR -Ff, 0.53% increase (95% CI, 0.1-0.92), and VDR -ff, 3.8% increase (95% CI, 1.2-6.3); however, at floor dust levels < 10 microg/ft(2), children with VDR -ff had the lowest Blood Lead Concentrations. These data suggest that VDR -Fok1 is an effect modifier of the relationship of floor dust Lead exposure and Blood Lead Concentration.
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The effect of interior Lead hazard controls on children's Blood Lead Concentrations: a systematic evaluation.
Environmental health perspectives, 2002Co-Authors: Erin N. Haynes, Bruce P. Lanphear, Ellen Tohn, Nick Farr, George G. RhoadsAbstract:Dust control is often recommended to prevent children's exposure to residential Lead hazards, but the effect of these controls on children's Blood Lead Concentrations is uncertain. We conducted a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials of low-cost, Lead hazard control interventions to determine the effect of Lead hazard control on children's Blood Lead Concentration. Four trials met the inclusion criteria. We examined mean Blood Lead Concentration and elevated Blood Lead Concentrations (> or = 10 microg/dL, > or = 15 microg/dL, and > or = 20 microg/dL) and found no significant differences in mean change in Blood Lead Concentration for children by random group assignment (children assigned to the intervention group compared with those assigned to the control group). We found no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the percentage of children with Blood Lead > or = 10 microg/dL, 29% versus 32% [odds ratio (OR), 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56-1.3], but there was a significant difference in the percentage of children with Blood Lead > or = 15 microg/dL between the intervention and control groups, 6% versus 14% (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.21-0.80) and in the percentage of children with Blood Lead > or = 20 microg/dL between the intervention and control groups, 2% versus 6% (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10-0.85). We conclude that although low-cost, interior Lead hazard control was associated with 50% or greater reduction in the proportion of children who had Blood Lead Concentrations exceeding 15 microg/dL and > or = 20 microg/dL, there was no substantial effect on mean Blood Lead Concentration.
Hiroshi Ushijima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Specific factors for prenatal Lead exposure in the border area of China
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2006Co-Authors: Kimiko Kawata, Yan Li, Hao Liu, Xiao Qin Zhang, Hiroshi UshijimaAbstract:The objectives of this study are to examine the prevalence of increased Blood Lead Concentrations in mothers and their umbilical cords, and to identify risk factors for prenatal Lead exposure in Kunming city, Yunnan province, China. The study was conducted at two obstetrics departments, and 100 peripartum women were enrolled. The mean Blood Lead Concentrations of the mothers and the umbilical cords were 67.3 μg/l and 53.1 μg/l, respectively. In multiple linear regression analysis, maternal occupational exposure, maternal consumption of homemade dehydrated vegetables and maternal habitation period in Kunming city were significantly associated with an increase of umbilical cord Blood Lead Concentration. In addition, logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of umbilical cord Blood Lead Concentrations that possibly have adverse effects on brain development of newborns with each potential risk factor. Maternal frequent use of tableware with color patterns inside was significantly associated with higher cord Blood Lead Concentration in addition to the three items in the multiple linear regression analysis. These points should be considered as specific recommendations for maternal and fetal Lead exposure in this city.
Kimiko Kawata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Specific factors for prenatal Lead exposure in the border area of China
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2006Co-Authors: Kimiko Kawata, Yan Li, Hao Liu, Xiao Qin Zhang, Hiroshi UshijimaAbstract:The objectives of this study are to examine the prevalence of increased Blood Lead Concentrations in mothers and their umbilical cords, and to identify risk factors for prenatal Lead exposure in Kunming city, Yunnan province, China. The study was conducted at two obstetrics departments, and 100 peripartum women were enrolled. The mean Blood Lead Concentrations of the mothers and the umbilical cords were 67.3 μg/l and 53.1 μg/l, respectively. In multiple linear regression analysis, maternal occupational exposure, maternal consumption of homemade dehydrated vegetables and maternal habitation period in Kunming city were significantly associated with an increase of umbilical cord Blood Lead Concentration. In addition, logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of umbilical cord Blood Lead Concentrations that possibly have adverse effects on brain development of newborns with each potential risk factor. Maternal frequent use of tableware with color patterns inside was significantly associated with higher cord Blood Lead Concentration in addition to the three items in the multiple linear regression analysis. These points should be considered as specific recommendations for maternal and fetal Lead exposure in this city.
James Bethel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Blood Lead Concentration and delayed puberty in girls
Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 2003Co-Authors: Sherry G. Selevan, Deborah C. Rice, Karen A. Hogan, Susan Y. Euling, Andrea Pfahleshutchens, James BethelAbstract:By influencing growth, exposure to Lead might indirectly alter the timing of puberty in girls. Lead-exposed rats have exhibited altered hormone levels and delayed puberty. The investigators attempted to relate Blood LeadConcentrations to pubertal development in females 8-18 years of age who were enrolled in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). The nationally representative patient population of 2186 girls included 600 non-Hispanic whites, 805 non-Hispanic African-American girls, and 781 Mexican-Americans. Puberty was assessed by taking note of pubic hair stage, breast development stage, and age at menarche. Mean age was comparable in the 3 study groups, and Blood Lead levels generally declined with advancing age. Mean Blood Lead levels were less than 3 μg/dL in all groups. All stages of pubertal development occurred earliest in African-American girls. After adjusting for age and race but not body mass index, Lead levels of 3 μg/dL, compared with 1 μg/dL, were associated with decreased height. Levels on this order also were associated with significantly delayed breast and pubic hair development in the African-American and Mexican-American groups. Delayed pubertal development was most evident in African-American girls. Higher Lead levels correlated significantly with delayed menarche only in African-American girls. In those with levels of 3 μg/dL, compared with I μg/dL, menarche was delayed by 3.6 months on average. White girls with Blood Lead levels of 3 μg/dL exhibited directionally similar but nonsignificant delays in all measures of pubertal development, including age at menarche. Delayed pubertal development in girls with relatively high Blood Lead levels might be a result, at least in part, of mechanisms independent of body growth. Possibly changes in endocrine function are responsible.
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Blood Lead Concentration and Delayed Puberty in Girls
The New England journal of medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Sherry G. Selevan, Deborah C. Rice, Karen A. Hogan, Susan Y. Euling, Andrea Pfahles-hutchens, James BethelAbstract:Background Environmental Lead exposure has been linked to alterations in growth and endocrine function. It is not known whether such exposure affects pubertal development. Methods We analyzed the relations between Blood Lead Concentration and pubertal development among girls (defined as females 8 to 18 years of age) who were enrolled in a cross-sectional study (the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) in which race was self-reported or proxy-reported: 600 were non-Hispanic white, 805 were non-Hispanic African-American, and 781 were Mexican-American girls. Puberty was measured on the basis of the age at menarche and Tanner stage for pubic-hair and breast development. Results Geometric mean Lead Concentrations were less than 3 μg per deciliter (0.144 μmol per liter) in all three groups. As compared with Concentrations of 1 μg per deciliter (0.048 μmol per liter), Lead Concentrations of 3 μg per deciliter were associated with decreased height (P
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Blood Lead Concentration and delayed puberty in girls
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Sherry G. Selevan, Deborah C. Rice, Karen A. Hogan, Susan Y. Euling, Andrea Pfahleshutchens, James BethelAbstract:Background Environmental Lead exposure has been linked to alterations in growth and endocrine function. It is not known whether such exposure affects pubertal development. Methods We analyzed the relations between Blood Lead Concentration and pubertal development among girls (defined as females 8 to 18 years of age) who were enrolled in a cross-sectional study (the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) in which race was self-reported or proxy-reported: 600 were non-Hispanic white, 805 were non-Hispanic African-American, and 781 were Mexican-American girls. Puberty was measured on the basis of the age at menarche and Tanner stage for pubic-hair and breast development. Results Geometric mean Lead Concentrations were less than 3 μg per deciliter (0.144 μmol per liter) in all three groups. As compared with Concentrations of 1 μg per deciliter (0.048 μmol per liter), Lead Concentrations of 3 μg per deciliter were associated with decreased height (P<0.001), after adjustment for age, race, and ...