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George J. Wagner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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expression of an apoplast directed t phylloplanin gfp fusion gene confers resistance against peronospora tabacina disease in a susceptible tobacco
Plant Cell Reports, 2013Co-Authors: Antoaneta B Kroumova, Dipak K Sahoo, Sumita Raha, Michael M. Goodin, Indu B Maiti, George J. WagnerAbstract:Key message Phylloplanins are plant-derived, antifungal glycoproteins produced by leaf trichomes. Expression of phylloplanin-GFP fusion gene to the apoplast of a Blue Mold susceptible tobacco resulted in increased resistance to this pathogen.
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expression of an apoplast directed t phylloplanin gfp fusion gene confers resistance against peronospora tabacina disease in a susceptible tobacco
Plant Cell Reports, 2013Co-Authors: Antoaneta B Kroumova, Dipak K Sahoo, Sumita Raha, Michael M. Goodin, Indu B Maiti, George J. WagnerAbstract:Phylloplanins are plant-derived, antifungal glycoproteins produced by leaf trichomes. Expression of phylloplanin-GFP fusion gene to the apoplast of a Blue Mold susceptible tobacco resulted in increased resistance to this pathogen. Tobaccos and certain other plants secrete phylloplanin glycoproteins to aerial surfaces where they appear to provide first-point-of-contact resistance against fungi/fungi-like pathogens. These proteins can be collected by water washing of aerial plant surfaces, and as shown for tobacco and a sunflower phylloplanins, spraying concentrated washes onto, e.g., turf grass aerial surfaces can provide resistance against various fungi/fungi-like pathogens, in the laboratory. These results suggest that natural-product, phylloplanins may be useful as broad-selectivity fungicides. An obvious question now is can a tobacco phylloplanin gene be introduced into a disease-susceptible plant to confer endogenous resistance. Here we demonstrate that introduction of a tobacco phylloplanin gene—as a fusion with the GFP gene—targeted to the apoplasm can increase resistance to Blue Mold disease in a susceptible host tobacco.
Xiao Dong Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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autoclaved yeast enhances the resistance against penicillium expansum in postharvest pear fruit and its possible mechanisms of action
Biological Control, 2018Co-Authors: Cui Sun, Jiahui Zhang, Xiao Dong ZhengAbstract:Abstract The study investigated the effect of autoclaved yeast on the control of Blue Mold in pear fruit and the possible mechanisms involved. The results demonstrated that autoclaved yeast Rhodosporidium paludigenum could stimulate remarkable resistance to the Blue Mold caused by Penicillium expansum in pear fruit. Autoclaved yeast had no direct antifungal activity against P. expansum in vitro and in vivo while it reduced germination of P. expansum in fruit wounds after 24 h of treatment. Moreover, the activities of four defense-related enzymes (including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) and the four pathogenesis-related protein genes (including PR1-like, endoglucanase9, endochitinase-like and PR4) were significantly enhanced and the lipid peroxidation was highly inhibited in the treatment with autoclaved yeast, which was closely related to the mechanism by which autoclaved yeast reduce the Blue Mold rot in pear fruit. The results from this study provides the basis for further research on the antagonistic mechanism of biocontrol yeasts in induced resistance of harvested fruit.
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improvement in the effectiveness of cryptococcus laurentii to control postharvest Blue Mold of pear by its culture in β glucan amended nutrient broth
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Lizhen Zeng, Ruiyu Zhu, Xiao Dong ZhengAbstract:Abstract The addition of β-glucan at 5 g L −1 to nutrient dextrose broth during the culture of Cryptococcus laurentti improved its activity subsequently to control postharvest Blue Mold, caused by Penicillium expansum , on pear fruit. It enhanced the colonization of the fruit by C. laurentii , increased β-(1,3)-glucanase activity in a cell-free filtrate of the culture medium, and, in C. laurentii , it increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The increase in active oxygen metabolism indicates that it may be related to the increase in biocontrol efficacy of this yeast. The use of β-glucan in the culture of this yeast was an effective method to enhance the antagonistic activity of C. laurentii .
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effect of chitin on the antagonistic activity of rhodosporidium paludigenum against penicillium expansum in apple fruit
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Lizhen Zeng, Hualing Xiang, Xiao Dong ZhengAbstract:Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of chitin on the antagonistic activity of Rhodosporidium paludigenum against Penicillium expansum , the cause of Blue Mold in apple fruit, and the possible mechanisms involved. Our results showed that biocontrol efficacy and population growth of R. paludigenum were greatly enhanced when it was harvested from nutrient yeast dextrose with added chitin (NYCB) medium compared with that harvested from nutrient yeast dextrose (NYDB) medium. The ability of R . paludigenum produced in NYCB to induce resistance to Blue Mold in apple fruit was significantly enhanced. The enhanced disease control efficacy was correlated with higher levels of polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in apple fruit treated with R . paludigenum . Moreover, the SOD and catalase (CAT) activities of R. paludigenum were stimulated by cultivating in NYCB, while malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in the yeast cells was suppressed. These results indicated that adding chitin to normal media might be an effective method to improve the antagonistic activity of R. paludigenum and the active oxygen metabolism of R. paludigenum might be closely related to the biocontrol activity of the yeast.
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biocontrol of postharvest gray and Blue Mold decay of apples with rhodotorula mucilaginosa and possible mechanisms of action
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Hongyin Zhang, Weimin Liu, Xiao Dong ZhengAbstract:The efficacy of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa against postharvest gray Mold, Blue Mold and natural decay development of apples and the possible mechanisms involved were investigated. The decay incidence and lesion diameter of gray Mold and Blue Mold of apples treated by R. mucilaginosa were significantly reduced compared with the control fruits, and the higher concentration of R. mucilaginosa, the better the efficacy of the biocontrol. R. mucilaginosa also significantly reduced the natural decay development of apples following storage at 20°C for 35 days or at 4°C for 45 days followed by 20°C for 15 days. Germination and survival of spores of Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea were markedly inhibited by R. mucilaginosa in an in vitro test. Rapid colonization of the yeast in apple wounds was observed whether stored at 20°C or 4°C. In apples, the activities of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) were significantly induced and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA) content) was highly inhibited by R. mucilaginosa treatment compared with those of the control fruits. All these results indicated that R. mucilaginosa has great potential for development of commercial formulations to control postharvest pathogens on fruits. Its modes of action were based on competition for space and nutrients with pathogens, inducement of activities of defense-related enzymes such as POD, PPO and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (MDA content) of apples, so as to enhance the resistance and delay the ripening and senescence of apples.
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indole 3 acetic acid improves postharvest biological control of Blue Mold rot of apple by cryptococcus laurentii
Phytopathology, 2009Co-Authors: Jishuang Chen, Xiao Dong ZhengAbstract:Cryptococcus laurentii is a well-known postharvest biocontrol yeast; however, it cannot provide satisfactory levels of decay control when used alone. Here, we evaluated the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a plant growth regulator, on the biocontrol efficacy of the yeast antagonist C. laurentii against Blue Mold rot caused by Penicillium expansum in apple fruit. Results showed that the addition of IAA at 20 microg/ml to suspensions of C. laurentii greatly enhanced inhibition of Mold rot in apple wounds compared with that observed with C. laurentii alone. The addition of IAA at 20 microg/ml or lower did not influence the population growth of C. laurentii in wounds, but adverse effects were seen on C. laurentii when the concentration of IAA was increased to 200 microg/ml or above in vitro and in vivo. P. expansum infection in apple wounds was not inhibited when the pathogen was inoculated into the fruit wounds within 2 h after application of IAA; however, infection was reduced when inoculated more than 12 h after IAA application. Treatment of wounds with IAA at 20 microg/ml 24 h before pathogen inoculation resulted in significant inhibition of P. expansum spore germination and host infection. Application of IAA at 20 microg/ml also reduced P. expansum infection when it was applied 48 h before pathogen inoculation in the intact fruit. Thus, IAA could reinforce the biocontrol efficacy of C. laurentii in inhibiting Blue Mold of apple fruit by induction of the natural resistance of the fruit.
Inmaculada Vinas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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control of postharvest Blue and green Molds of oranges by hot water sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate
Plant Disease, 2001Co-Authors: Lluis Palou, Joeseph L Smilanick, Inmaculada VinasAbstract:Palou, L., Smilanick, J. L., Usall, J., and Vinas, I. 2001. Control of postharvest Blue and green Molds of oranges by hot water, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate. Plant Dis. 85:371376. Control of citrus Blue Mold, caused by Penicillium italicum, was evaluated on artificially inoculated oranges immersed in water at up to 75°C for 150 s; in 2 to 4% sodium carbonate (wt/vol) at 20 or 45°C for 60 or 150 s; or in 1 to 4% sodium bicarbonate at room temperature for 150 s, followed by storage at 20°C for 7 days. Hot water controlled Blue Mold at 50 to 55°C, temperatures near those that injured fruit, and its effectiveness declined after 14 days of storage. Sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate were superior to hot water. Temperature of sodium carbonate solutions influenced effectiveness more than concentration or immersion period. Sodium carbonate applied for 150 s at 45°C at 3 or 4% reduced decay more than 90%. Sodium bicarbonate applied at room temperature at 2 to 4% reduced Blue Mold by more than 50%, while 1% was ineffective. In another set of experiments, treatments of sodium bicarbonate at room temperature, sodium carbonate at 45°C, and hot water at 45°C reduced Blue Mold incidence on artificially inoculated oranges to 6, 14, and 27%, respectively, after 3 weeks of storage at 3°C. These treatments reduced green Mold incidence to 6, 1, and 12%, respectively, while incidence among controls of both Molds was about 100%. When reexamined 5 weeks later, the effectiveness of all, particularly hot water, declined. In conclusion, efficacy of hot water, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate treatments against Blue Mold compared to that against green Mold was similar after storage at 20°C but proved inferior during long-term cold storage.
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control of postharvest Blue and green Molds of oranges by hot water sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate
Plant Disease, 2001Co-Authors: Lluis Palou, Joeseph L Smilanick, Inmaculada VinasAbstract:Control of citrus Blue Mold, caused by Penicillium italicum, was evaluated on artificially inoculated oranges immersed in water at up to 75°C for 150 s; in 2 to 4% sodium carbonate (wt/vol) at 20 or 45°C for 60 or 150 s; or in 1 to 4% sodium bicarbonate at room temperature for 150 s, followed by storage at 20°C for 7 days. Hot water controlled Blue Mold at 50 to 55°C, temperatures near those that injured fruit, and its effectiveness declined after 14 days of storage. Sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate were superior to hot water. Temperature of sodium carbonate solutions influenced effectiveness more than concentration or immersion period. Sodium carbonate applied for 150 s at 45°C at 3 or 4% reduced decay more than 90%. Sodium bicarbonate applied at room temperature at 2 to 4% reduced Blue Mold by more than 50%, while 1% was ineffective. In another set of experiments, treatments of sodium bicarbonate at room temperature, sodium carbonate at 45°C, and hot water at 45°C reduced Blue Mold incidence on artificially inoculated oranges to 6, 14, and 27%, respectively, after 3 weeks of storage at 3°C. These treatments reduced green Mold incidence to 6, 1, and 12%, respectively, while incidence among controls of both Molds was about 100%. When reexamined 5 weeks later, the effectiveness of all, particularly hot water, declined. In conclusion, efficacy of hot water, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate treatments against Blue Mold compared to that against green Mold was similar after storage at 20°C but proved inferior during long-term cold storage.
Antoaneta B Kroumova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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expression of an apoplast directed t phylloplanin gfp fusion gene confers resistance against peronospora tabacina disease in a susceptible tobacco
Plant Cell Reports, 2013Co-Authors: Antoaneta B Kroumova, Dipak K Sahoo, Sumita Raha, Michael M. Goodin, Indu B Maiti, George J. WagnerAbstract:Key message Phylloplanins are plant-derived, antifungal glycoproteins produced by leaf trichomes. Expression of phylloplanin-GFP fusion gene to the apoplast of a Blue Mold susceptible tobacco resulted in increased resistance to this pathogen.
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expression of an apoplast directed t phylloplanin gfp fusion gene confers resistance against peronospora tabacina disease in a susceptible tobacco
Plant Cell Reports, 2013Co-Authors: Antoaneta B Kroumova, Dipak K Sahoo, Sumita Raha, Michael M. Goodin, Indu B Maiti, George J. WagnerAbstract:Phylloplanins are plant-derived, antifungal glycoproteins produced by leaf trichomes. Expression of phylloplanin-GFP fusion gene to the apoplast of a Blue Mold susceptible tobacco resulted in increased resistance to this pathogen. Tobaccos and certain other plants secrete phylloplanin glycoproteins to aerial surfaces where they appear to provide first-point-of-contact resistance against fungi/fungi-like pathogens. These proteins can be collected by water washing of aerial plant surfaces, and as shown for tobacco and a sunflower phylloplanins, spraying concentrated washes onto, e.g., turf grass aerial surfaces can provide resistance against various fungi/fungi-like pathogens, in the laboratory. These results suggest that natural-product, phylloplanins may be useful as broad-selectivity fungicides. An obvious question now is can a tobacco phylloplanin gene be introduced into a disease-susceptible plant to confer endogenous resistance. Here we demonstrate that introduction of a tobacco phylloplanin gene—as a fusion with the GFP gene—targeted to the apoplasm can increase resistance to Blue Mold disease in a susceptible host tobacco.
Lluis Palou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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penicillium digitatum penicillium italicum green Mold Blue Mold
Postharvest Decay#R##N#Control Strategies, 2014Co-Authors: Lluis PalouAbstract:Abstract Green and Blue Molds, caused by the pathogens Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum, respectively, are the most economically important postharvest diseases of citrus fruit in all production areas with low summer rainfall. Both fungi are strict wound pathogens that affect all citrus species and cultivars and can infect the fruit in the field, the packing house, and during distribution and marketing. Taxonomy and morphology of the pathogens and factors that can influence fruit infection and disease development are described in this chapter. Penicillium digitatum is the first phytopathogenic Penicillium species whose complete genome has been entirely sequenced. Implications of basic and applied research on host–pathogen interactions and disease control strategies are discussed. Conventional control with postharvest chemical fungicides like imazalil and alternative non-polluting physical, low-toxicity chemical and biological control methods are reviewed. Emphasis is given to advances developed over the last few years. Satisfactory disease control relies on an integrated disease management (IDM) approach in which all preharvest, harvest and postharvest factors are considered.
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Improving Control of Green and Blue Molds of Oranges by Combining Pantoea Agglomerans (CPA-2) and Sodium Bicarbonate
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2001Co-Authors: N. Teixidó, Josep Usall, Lluis Palou, A. Asensio, C. Nunes, I VinasAbstract:The potential of using Pantoea agglomerans (strain CPA-2) alone, or in combination with sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate solutions, for control of Penicillium digitatum (green Mold) and Penicillium italicum (Blue Mold) on oranges was investigated under ambient (20 °C) and cold storage (3 °C) conditions. P. agglomerans controlled both pathogens on oranges at 2 × 10^8 cfu ml^-1. The biocontrol agent was found to be completely tolerant to 2% sodium bicarbonate at room temperature, although its culturability was reduced by > 1000-fold after 30 min in 2% sodium carbonate. The efficacy of P. agglomerans for control of green Mold was improved when combined with sodium bicarbonate, resulting in complete and 97.6% reduction of decay incidence at 3 °C and 20 °C, when compared to untreated controls. Satisfactory results were also obtained with the combined treatment for control of Blue Mold. P. agglomerans grew well inside wounds on oranges at both 20 °C and 3 °C. In contrast, it showed a reduced growth on the surface of intact fruit. Sodium bicarbonate at 2% concentration did not noticeably affect antagonist population development. Thus, use of bicarbonate treatment at 2% followed by the antagonist P. agglomerans CPA-2 could be an alternative to chemicals for control of postharvest diseases on oranges.
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control of postharvest Blue and green Molds of oranges by hot water sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate
Plant Disease, 2001Co-Authors: Lluis Palou, Joeseph L Smilanick, Inmaculada VinasAbstract:Palou, L., Smilanick, J. L., Usall, J., and Vinas, I. 2001. Control of postharvest Blue and green Molds of oranges by hot water, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate. Plant Dis. 85:371376. Control of citrus Blue Mold, caused by Penicillium italicum, was evaluated on artificially inoculated oranges immersed in water at up to 75°C for 150 s; in 2 to 4% sodium carbonate (wt/vol) at 20 or 45°C for 60 or 150 s; or in 1 to 4% sodium bicarbonate at room temperature for 150 s, followed by storage at 20°C for 7 days. Hot water controlled Blue Mold at 50 to 55°C, temperatures near those that injured fruit, and its effectiveness declined after 14 days of storage. Sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate were superior to hot water. Temperature of sodium carbonate solutions influenced effectiveness more than concentration or immersion period. Sodium carbonate applied for 150 s at 45°C at 3 or 4% reduced decay more than 90%. Sodium bicarbonate applied at room temperature at 2 to 4% reduced Blue Mold by more than 50%, while 1% was ineffective. In another set of experiments, treatments of sodium bicarbonate at room temperature, sodium carbonate at 45°C, and hot water at 45°C reduced Blue Mold incidence on artificially inoculated oranges to 6, 14, and 27%, respectively, after 3 weeks of storage at 3°C. These treatments reduced green Mold incidence to 6, 1, and 12%, respectively, while incidence among controls of both Molds was about 100%. When reexamined 5 weeks later, the effectiveness of all, particularly hot water, declined. In conclusion, efficacy of hot water, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate treatments against Blue Mold compared to that against green Mold was similar after storage at 20°C but proved inferior during long-term cold storage.
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control of postharvest Blue and green Molds of oranges by hot water sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate
Plant Disease, 2001Co-Authors: Lluis Palou, Joeseph L Smilanick, Inmaculada VinasAbstract:Control of citrus Blue Mold, caused by Penicillium italicum, was evaluated on artificially inoculated oranges immersed in water at up to 75°C for 150 s; in 2 to 4% sodium carbonate (wt/vol) at 20 or 45°C for 60 or 150 s; or in 1 to 4% sodium bicarbonate at room temperature for 150 s, followed by storage at 20°C for 7 days. Hot water controlled Blue Mold at 50 to 55°C, temperatures near those that injured fruit, and its effectiveness declined after 14 days of storage. Sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate were superior to hot water. Temperature of sodium carbonate solutions influenced effectiveness more than concentration or immersion period. Sodium carbonate applied for 150 s at 45°C at 3 or 4% reduced decay more than 90%. Sodium bicarbonate applied at room temperature at 2 to 4% reduced Blue Mold by more than 50%, while 1% was ineffective. In another set of experiments, treatments of sodium bicarbonate at room temperature, sodium carbonate at 45°C, and hot water at 45°C reduced Blue Mold incidence on artificially inoculated oranges to 6, 14, and 27%, respectively, after 3 weeks of storage at 3°C. These treatments reduced green Mold incidence to 6, 1, and 12%, respectively, while incidence among controls of both Molds was about 100%. When reexamined 5 weeks later, the effectiveness of all, particularly hot water, declined. In conclusion, efficacy of hot water, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate treatments against Blue Mold compared to that against green Mold was similar after storage at 20°C but proved inferior during long-term cold storage.