The Experts below are selected from a list of 1068 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
James A. Joseph - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Age-related toxicity of amyloid-beta associated with increased pERK and pCREB in primary hippocampal neurons: reversal by Blueberry Extract
The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Gregory J. Brewer, John R. Torricelli, Amanda L. Lindsey, Elizabeth Z. Kunz, A. Neuman, Derek R. Fisher, James A. JosephAbstract:Abstract Further clarification is needed to address the paradox that memory formation, aging and neurodegeneration all involve calcium influx, oxyradical production (ROS) and activation of certain signaling pathways. In aged rats and in APP/PS-1 mice, cognitive and hippocampal Ca 2+ dysregulation was reversed by food supplementation with a high antioxidant Blueberry Extract. Here, we studied whether neurons were an important target of Blueberry Extract and whether the mechanism involved altered ROS signaling through MAP kinase and cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (CREB), pathways known to be activated in response to amyloid-beta (Aβ). Primary hippocampal neurons were isolated and cultured from embryonic, middle-age or old-age (24 months) rats. Blueberry Extract was found to be equally neuroprotective against Aβ neurotoxicity at all ages. Increases in Aβ toxicity with age were associated with age-related increases in immunoreactivity of neurons to pERK and an age-independent increase in pCREB. Treatment with Blueberry Extract strongly inhibited these increases in parallel with neuroprotection. Simultaneous labeling for ROS and for glutathione with dichlorofluorescein and monochlorobimane showed a mechanism of action of Blueberry Extract to involve transient ROS generation with an increase in the redox buffer glutathione. We conclude that the increased age-related susceptibility of old-age neurons to Aβ toxicity may be due to higher levels of activation of pERK and pCREB pathways that can be protected by Blueberry Extract through inhibition of both these pathways through an ROS stress response. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of Blueberry Extract may involve transient stress signaling and ROS protection that may translate into improved cognition in aging rats and APP/PS1 mice given Blueberry Extract.
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Attenuation of iNOS and COX2 by Blueberry polyphenols is mediated through the suppression of NF-κB activation
Journal of Functional Foods, 2009Co-Authors: Francis C. Lau, James A. Joseph, Jane E. Mcdonald, Wilhelmina KaltAbstract:Treatment of BV2 microglial cells with Blueberry Extracts has been shown to be effective in reducing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). The current study explored the possibility that the down-regulation of iNOS and COX2 by Blueberry Extracts was mediated through NF-κB signaling pathway. A column-purified fraction of polyphenol-enriched Blueberry Extract (PC18) was used to treat LPS-activated BV2 cells. The results thus far showed that Blueberry polyphenols significantly suppressed iNOS and COX2 promoter activities. In addition, Blueberry polyphenols inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation in LPS-activated BV2 cells. These findings suggested that the beneficial effects of blueberries may involve direct modulation of oxidative stress and/or inflammatory signaling cascades.
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Inhibitory effects of Blueberry Extract on the production of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV2 microglia.
Journal of neuroscience research, 2007Co-Authors: Francis C. Lau, Donna F. Bielinski, James A. JosephAbstract:Sustained microglial activation in the central nervous system (CNS) has been extensively investigated in age-related neurodegenerative diseases and has been postulated to lead to neuronal cell loss in these conditions. Recent studies have shown that antiinflammatory drugs may suppress microglial activation and thus protect against microglial overactivation and subsequent cell loss. Research also suggests that fruits such as berries may contain both antioxidant and antiinflammatory polyphenols that may be important in this regard. Our previous research showed that Blueberry Extract was effective in preventing oxidant-induced calcium response deficits in M1 (muscarinic receptor)-transfected COS-7 cells. Extrapolating from these findings, the current study investigated the effect of Blueberry Extract on preventing inflammation-induced activation of microglia. Results indicated that treatments with Blueberry Extract inhibited the production of the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) as well as the cytokines interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, in cell conditioned media from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV2 microglia. Also, mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in LPS-activated BV2 cells were significantly reduced by treatments with Blueberry Extract. The results suggest that Blueberry polyphenols attenuate inflammatory responses of brain microglia and could be potentially useful in modulation of inflammatory conditions in the CNS. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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dopamine and abeta induced stress signaling and decrements in ca2 buffering in primary neonatal hippocampal cells are antagonized by Blueberry Extract
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2007Co-Authors: James A. Joseph, Gregory J. Brewer, Francis C. Lau, Amanda N. Carey, Derek R. FisherAbstract:We have shown previously that dietary Blueberry (BB) Extract supplementation (S) reversed several parameters of neuronal and behavioral (e.g., cognition) aging in rodents. Additionally, findings indicate that COS-7 cells transfected with muscarinic receptor subtypes (e.g., M1) showed decrements in Ca;{2+} clearance following depolarization (Ca;{2+} Recovery time, Ca;{2+}RT) that were antagonized by BB. Since it has been postulated that at least part of the loss of cognitive function in aging may be dependent upon a dysregulation in calcium homeostasis (i.e., Ca;{2+}RT), we assessed whether: a) Ca;{2+}RT would be altered in dopamine (DA)- or amyloid beta (Abeta)-exposed cultured primary hippocampal neuronal cells (HNC), and b) BB pre-treatment of the cells would prevent these deficits. Thus, control or BB (0.5 mg/ml)-treated HNC were exposed to DA (0.1 mM, 2 hrs), Abeta(40) (25 microM, 24 hrs), Abeta(42) (25 microM, 24 hrs), and Abeta(25-35) (25 microM, 24 hrs), and Ca;{2+}RT following KCl-induced depolarization assessed. Ca;{2+}RT was assessed as the % of HNC showing recovery to 50%-70% of control at 5, 10, or 15 min after depolarization. Results indicated that DA significantly lowered Ca;{2+}RT in the HNC at all time points examined after depolarization. However, BB treatment selectively prevented these declines in Ca;{2+}RT. In the case of Abeta, the greatest effects on Ca;{2+}RT were seen when the hippocampal cells were Abeta(42)-treated. These effects were antagonized by BB treatment. Abeta(40) produced fewer deficits on Ca;{2+}RT than those seen when the HNC were pre-treated with either A;{2+}(42) or A;{2+}(25-35), but BB was relatively ineffective in antagonizing the deficits in Ca;{2+}RT produced by A;{2+}(40) or A;{2+}(25-35). Additional analyses indicated that BBs may be exerting their protective effects in the hippocampal cells by altering levels of phosphorylated MAPK, PKCgamma, and phosphorylated CREB. Therefore it appears that at least part of the protective effect of BBs may involve alterations in stress signaling.
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Dietary supplementation with Blueberry Extract improves survival of transplanted dopamine neurons
Nutritional neuroscience, 2006Co-Authors: Susan O. Mcguire, James A. Joseph, Caryl E. Sortwell, Barbara Shukitt-hale, Matthew J. Hejna, Timothy J. CollierAbstract:AbstractThe exact mechanisms contributing to poor neuronal survival in cell transplantation paradigms for Parkinson's disease (PD) are unknown. However, transplantation-induced host immune response, inflammation, and subsequent oxidative stress are likely contributors to cell death since dopamine (DA) neurons are exquisitely sensitive to oxidative damage. Multiple studies have attempted to improve cell survival by treating transplant material with antioxidant and antiinflammatory compounds, whereas far fewer studies have attempted to modify the host environment to reduce these threats. Flavonoids, phytochemicals found in fruits and vegetables, have antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. For example, supplementation with dietary Blueberry Extract (BBE) prevents oxidative stress-associated impairment of striatal motor function during aging and restores lost motor function in aged rats. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation of rodent diets with BBE would improve the survival o...
Yingjie Pan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antimicrobial effects and membrane damage mechanism of Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Extract against Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Food Control, 2020Co-Authors: Xiaohong Sun, Li-ran Hao, Qing-chao Xie, Wei-qing Lan, Yong Zhao, Yingjie PanAbstract:Abstract This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effect and membrane damage mechanism of Blueberry Extract against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Blueberry Extract against three strains of V. parahaemolyticus were determined. The antimicrobial activity of Blueberry Extract on V. parahaemolyticus inoculated in salmon was evaluated. The effect of Blueberry Extract on V. parahaemolyticus cell membrane was visualized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We examined the antimicrobial mechanism of Blueberry Extract in the regulation of the seven membrane genes expression. The MIC for V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, ATCC 33847 and F 13 was 25, 25 and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively, whereas the MBC was 50, 50 and 25 mg/mL, respectively. The Blueberry Extract has antimicrobial effect on V. parahaemolyticus in salmon samples. The V. parahaemolyticus exposed to 1 × MIC showed distorted membrane morphology and leakage of cellular contents. The cytoplasmic constituents were aggregated, causing a wide range of hollow areas in the cells. The expression of seven membrane genes in V. parahaemolyticus treated with Blueberry Extract was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR. Compared to that in the control, the gene expression of fadL and nusA was upregulated by 1.1-, 2.1-, 4.1-fold and 7.4-, 4.3-, 3.6-fold in V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, ATCC 33847 and F 13, respectively. The gene expression of ef-Tu was downregulated by 1.1-, 2.7-, 3.3-fold in the three strains of V. parahaemolyticus. Findings from this study revealed that Blueberry Extract had strong antibacterial effect and inhibited gene transcription to disrupt cell membrane structure and energy transport. Further studies investigating potential antimicrobial applications of Blueberry Extract are necessary to provide a basis for the development and utilization of blueberries as an antimicrobial agent.
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antibacterial effect and mechanism of anthocyanin rich chinese wild Blueberry Extract on various foodborne pathogens
Food Control, 2018Co-Authors: Xiaohong Sun, Wei-qing Lan, Yong Zhao, Tongtong Zhou, Caihong Wei, Yingjie PanAbstract:Abstract Anthocyanins of wild blueberries were studied for the inhibition of the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The inhibitory mechanisms of anthocyanins from Chinese wild blueberries were also evaluated. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was the most susceptible to anthocyanins with the lowest MIC/MBC for each treatment, followed by St. aureus. After a treatment of anthocyanins, the membrane permeability and metabolism of four pathogens were assessed. The whole protein content and the activity of alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and superoxide dismutase were measured by several protein assay kits. When foodborne pathogens were treated with anthocyanins for 2 h, the nucleic acid leakage and protein releaseincreased, which demonstrated that anthocyanins could destroy the cell membrane. Furthermore, the whole protein content and enzyme activity decreased after treatment. With an increasing concentration of anthocyanins, the production rate of formazan by L. monocytogenes, St. aureus, S. enteritidis, V. parahaemolyticus decreased by 55%, 71%, 67% and 79%, respectively. This inferred that the TCA cycle was decreased, reducing the energy transfer of pathogens thus inhibiting their growth and reproduction. The strong antimicrobial effect of Chinese wild Blueberry anthocyanins provides application potential in the field of food safety.
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Antimicrobial effect of Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Extracts against the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis
Food Control, 2014Co-Authors: Xiao Shen, Xiaohong Sun, Qing-chao Xie, Yong Zhao, Yingjie Pan, Haiquan Liu, Cheng-an HwangAbstract:This study examined the antimicrobial effect of Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Extracts obtained from four cultivars (Elliott, Darrow, Bluecrop, and Duke) on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the Extracts against L. monocytogenes and S. Enteritidis in tryptic soy broth were determined. Concentrations of total phenolic compounds and four individual phenolic (chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, and quercetin-3-galactoside) in the Extracts were determined using Folin-Ciocalteau method and HPLC analysis, respectively. All four Extracts at 112.5–900 mg/mL exhibited a dose-dependent growth-inhibitory effect against L. monocytogenes and S. Enteritidis. L. monocytogenes was significantly more sensitive to the antimicrobial effect of the Extracts than S. Enteritidis. Phenolic compounds in the Extracts such as chlorogenic acid, quercetin, ellagic acid, and quercetin-3-galactoside were the active antimicrobial compounds in the Blueberry Extracts. The results of this study suggest that Blueberry Extract or Extract-derived components may be used to control pathogenic microorganisms. More studies on the use of Blueberry as a natural antimicrobial in food products are warranted.
Xiaohong Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antimicrobial effects and membrane damage mechanism of Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Extract against Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Food Control, 2020Co-Authors: Xiaohong Sun, Li-ran Hao, Qing-chao Xie, Wei-qing Lan, Yong Zhao, Yingjie PanAbstract:Abstract This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effect and membrane damage mechanism of Blueberry Extract against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Blueberry Extract against three strains of V. parahaemolyticus were determined. The antimicrobial activity of Blueberry Extract on V. parahaemolyticus inoculated in salmon was evaluated. The effect of Blueberry Extract on V. parahaemolyticus cell membrane was visualized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We examined the antimicrobial mechanism of Blueberry Extract in the regulation of the seven membrane genes expression. The MIC for V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, ATCC 33847 and F 13 was 25, 25 and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively, whereas the MBC was 50, 50 and 25 mg/mL, respectively. The Blueberry Extract has antimicrobial effect on V. parahaemolyticus in salmon samples. The V. parahaemolyticus exposed to 1 × MIC showed distorted membrane morphology and leakage of cellular contents. The cytoplasmic constituents were aggregated, causing a wide range of hollow areas in the cells. The expression of seven membrane genes in V. parahaemolyticus treated with Blueberry Extract was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR. Compared to that in the control, the gene expression of fadL and nusA was upregulated by 1.1-, 2.1-, 4.1-fold and 7.4-, 4.3-, 3.6-fold in V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, ATCC 33847 and F 13, respectively. The gene expression of ef-Tu was downregulated by 1.1-, 2.7-, 3.3-fold in the three strains of V. parahaemolyticus. Findings from this study revealed that Blueberry Extract had strong antibacterial effect and inhibited gene transcription to disrupt cell membrane structure and energy transport. Further studies investigating potential antimicrobial applications of Blueberry Extract are necessary to provide a basis for the development and utilization of blueberries as an antimicrobial agent.
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antibacterial effect and mechanism of anthocyanin rich chinese wild Blueberry Extract on various foodborne pathogens
Food Control, 2018Co-Authors: Xiaohong Sun, Wei-qing Lan, Yong Zhao, Tongtong Zhou, Caihong Wei, Yingjie PanAbstract:Abstract Anthocyanins of wild blueberries were studied for the inhibition of the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The inhibitory mechanisms of anthocyanins from Chinese wild blueberries were also evaluated. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was the most susceptible to anthocyanins with the lowest MIC/MBC for each treatment, followed by St. aureus. After a treatment of anthocyanins, the membrane permeability and metabolism of four pathogens were assessed. The whole protein content and the activity of alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and superoxide dismutase were measured by several protein assay kits. When foodborne pathogens were treated with anthocyanins for 2 h, the nucleic acid leakage and protein releaseincreased, which demonstrated that anthocyanins could destroy the cell membrane. Furthermore, the whole protein content and enzyme activity decreased after treatment. With an increasing concentration of anthocyanins, the production rate of formazan by L. monocytogenes, St. aureus, S. enteritidis, V. parahaemolyticus decreased by 55%, 71%, 67% and 79%, respectively. This inferred that the TCA cycle was decreased, reducing the energy transfer of pathogens thus inhibiting their growth and reproduction. The strong antimicrobial effect of Chinese wild Blueberry anthocyanins provides application potential in the field of food safety.
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Antimicrobial effect of Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Extracts against the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis
Food Control, 2014Co-Authors: Xiao Shen, Xiaohong Sun, Qing-chao Xie, Yong Zhao, Yingjie Pan, Haiquan Liu, Cheng-an HwangAbstract:This study examined the antimicrobial effect of Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Extracts obtained from four cultivars (Elliott, Darrow, Bluecrop, and Duke) on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the Extracts against L. monocytogenes and S. Enteritidis in tryptic soy broth were determined. Concentrations of total phenolic compounds and four individual phenolic (chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, and quercetin-3-galactoside) in the Extracts were determined using Folin-Ciocalteau method and HPLC analysis, respectively. All four Extracts at 112.5–900 mg/mL exhibited a dose-dependent growth-inhibitory effect against L. monocytogenes and S. Enteritidis. L. monocytogenes was significantly more sensitive to the antimicrobial effect of the Extracts than S. Enteritidis. Phenolic compounds in the Extracts such as chlorogenic acid, quercetin, ellagic acid, and quercetin-3-galactoside were the active antimicrobial compounds in the Blueberry Extracts. The results of this study suggest that Blueberry Extract or Extract-derived components may be used to control pathogenic microorganisms. More studies on the use of Blueberry as a natural antimicrobial in food products are warranted.
Yong Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antimicrobial effects and membrane damage mechanism of Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Extract against Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Food Control, 2020Co-Authors: Xiaohong Sun, Li-ran Hao, Qing-chao Xie, Wei-qing Lan, Yong Zhao, Yingjie PanAbstract:Abstract This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effect and membrane damage mechanism of Blueberry Extract against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Blueberry Extract against three strains of V. parahaemolyticus were determined. The antimicrobial activity of Blueberry Extract on V. parahaemolyticus inoculated in salmon was evaluated. The effect of Blueberry Extract on V. parahaemolyticus cell membrane was visualized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We examined the antimicrobial mechanism of Blueberry Extract in the regulation of the seven membrane genes expression. The MIC for V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, ATCC 33847 and F 13 was 25, 25 and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively, whereas the MBC was 50, 50 and 25 mg/mL, respectively. The Blueberry Extract has antimicrobial effect on V. parahaemolyticus in salmon samples. The V. parahaemolyticus exposed to 1 × MIC showed distorted membrane morphology and leakage of cellular contents. The cytoplasmic constituents were aggregated, causing a wide range of hollow areas in the cells. The expression of seven membrane genes in V. parahaemolyticus treated with Blueberry Extract was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR. Compared to that in the control, the gene expression of fadL and nusA was upregulated by 1.1-, 2.1-, 4.1-fold and 7.4-, 4.3-, 3.6-fold in V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, ATCC 33847 and F 13, respectively. The gene expression of ef-Tu was downregulated by 1.1-, 2.7-, 3.3-fold in the three strains of V. parahaemolyticus. Findings from this study revealed that Blueberry Extract had strong antibacterial effect and inhibited gene transcription to disrupt cell membrane structure and energy transport. Further studies investigating potential antimicrobial applications of Blueberry Extract are necessary to provide a basis for the development and utilization of blueberries as an antimicrobial agent.
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antibacterial effect and mechanism of anthocyanin rich chinese wild Blueberry Extract on various foodborne pathogens
Food Control, 2018Co-Authors: Xiaohong Sun, Wei-qing Lan, Yong Zhao, Tongtong Zhou, Caihong Wei, Yingjie PanAbstract:Abstract Anthocyanins of wild blueberries were studied for the inhibition of the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The inhibitory mechanisms of anthocyanins from Chinese wild blueberries were also evaluated. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was the most susceptible to anthocyanins with the lowest MIC/MBC for each treatment, followed by St. aureus. After a treatment of anthocyanins, the membrane permeability and metabolism of four pathogens were assessed. The whole protein content and the activity of alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and superoxide dismutase were measured by several protein assay kits. When foodborne pathogens were treated with anthocyanins for 2 h, the nucleic acid leakage and protein releaseincreased, which demonstrated that anthocyanins could destroy the cell membrane. Furthermore, the whole protein content and enzyme activity decreased after treatment. With an increasing concentration of anthocyanins, the production rate of formazan by L. monocytogenes, St. aureus, S. enteritidis, V. parahaemolyticus decreased by 55%, 71%, 67% and 79%, respectively. This inferred that the TCA cycle was decreased, reducing the energy transfer of pathogens thus inhibiting their growth and reproduction. The strong antimicrobial effect of Chinese wild Blueberry anthocyanins provides application potential in the field of food safety.
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Antimicrobial effect of Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Extracts against the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis
Food Control, 2014Co-Authors: Xiao Shen, Xiaohong Sun, Qing-chao Xie, Yong Zhao, Yingjie Pan, Haiquan Liu, Cheng-an HwangAbstract:This study examined the antimicrobial effect of Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Extracts obtained from four cultivars (Elliott, Darrow, Bluecrop, and Duke) on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the Extracts against L. monocytogenes and S. Enteritidis in tryptic soy broth were determined. Concentrations of total phenolic compounds and four individual phenolic (chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, and quercetin-3-galactoside) in the Extracts were determined using Folin-Ciocalteau method and HPLC analysis, respectively. All four Extracts at 112.5–900 mg/mL exhibited a dose-dependent growth-inhibitory effect against L. monocytogenes and S. Enteritidis. L. monocytogenes was significantly more sensitive to the antimicrobial effect of the Extracts than S. Enteritidis. Phenolic compounds in the Extracts such as chlorogenic acid, quercetin, ellagic acid, and quercetin-3-galactoside were the active antimicrobial compounds in the Blueberry Extracts. The results of this study suggest that Blueberry Extract or Extract-derived components may be used to control pathogenic microorganisms. More studies on the use of Blueberry as a natural antimicrobial in food products are warranted.
Christian Oresajo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An evaluation of the effect of a topical product containing C-xyloside and Blueberry Extract on the appearance of type II diabetic skin
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2009Co-Authors: Zoe Diana Draelos, Susana Raab, Margarita Yatskayer, Christian OresajoAbstract:BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a multisystem disease caused by the presence of chronic hyperglycemia, which leads to increased oxidative stress. Many of the changes observed in type II diabetic patients can be traced to the increased production of advanced glycation end products, also known as AGEs. AGEs are produced as a result of a nonenzymatic reaction with glucose interacting with proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. AGEs are also present in normal skin with advancing age and contribute to the senescence of many body organs, including the skin. AIMS: This research evaluated the effect of a topical product formulation containing Blueberry Extract, an AGE inhibitor, and C-xyloside, a GAG synthesis stimulator, applied twice daily on the hand, arm, and facial skin of 20 type II diabetic females. Diabetic skin was chosen for evaluation because AGEs are found in increased concentration in diabetic skin, representing a model for accelerated aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-center study enrolled 20 female type II diabetics aged 55+ years with mild to moderate fine lines, wrinkles, and hyperpigmentation on the face and hands. Subjects used the study product on their face, hand, and inner forearm twice daily for 12 weeks. Ordinal grading on a 4-point scale (0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 =moderate, 3 = severe) of facial fine lines, wrinkles, firmness, radiance, skin tone, skin smoothness, hyperpigmentation, creping, density, sagging, and overall appearance was performed by the investigator at baseline, week 4, week 8, and week 12. Tolerability, subject assessments, digital photography, AGE measurements, skin caliper measurements, and corneometry were also performed at each time point. RESULTS: 19/20 subjects successfully completed the study. The presence of AGEs was documented by skin autofluorescence. The 12-week duration of the study was insufficient to measure a change in skin AGEs, but longer application of the study product might produce different results. No tolerability issues were noted. There was a statistically significant increase in skin caliper measurements on the face (P = 0.004) and arm (P = 0.014) as well as corneometry measurements (P < 0.001) consistent with enhanced moisturization at week 12. The dermatologist investigator also found statistically significant improvement in fine lines (P = 0.01), firmness (P = 0.011), radiance (P < 0.001), skin tone (P = 0.014), skin smoothness (P < 0.001), creping (P < 0.004), and overall appearance (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study examined a topical product containing an AGE inhibitor and a GAG synthesis stimulator designed for the unique needs of diabetic skin.
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An evaluation of the effect of a topical product containing C‐xyloside and Blueberry Extract on the appearance of type II diabetic skin
Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2009Co-Authors: Zoe Diana Draelos, Susana Raab, Margarita Yatskayer, Christian OresajoAbstract:Summary Background Diabetes is a multisystem disease caused by the presence of chronic hyperglycemia, which leads to increased oxidative stress. Many of the changes observed in type II diabetic patients can be traced to the increased production of advanced glycation end products, also known as AGEs. AGEs are produced as a result of a nonenzymatic reaction with glucose interacting with proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. AGEs are also present in normal skin with advancing age and contribute to the senescence of many body organs, including the skin. Aims This research evaluated the effect of a topical product formulation containing Blueberry Extract, an AGE inhibitor, and C-xyloside, a GAG synthesis stimulator, applied twice daily on the hand, arm, and facial skin of 20 type II diabetic females. Diabetic skin was chosen for evaluation because AGEs are found in increased concentration in diabetic skin, representing a model for accelerated aging. Materials and Methods This single-center study enrolled 20 female type II diabetics aged 55+ years with mild to moderate fine lines, wrinkles, and hyperpigmentation on the face and hands. Subjects used the study product on their face, hand, and inner forearm twice daily for 12 weeks. Ordinal grading on a 4-point scale (0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 =moderate, 3 = severe) of facial fine lines, wrinkles, firmness, radiance, skin tone, skin smoothness, hyperpigmentation, creping, density, sagging, and overall appearance was performed by the investigator at baseline, week 4, week 8, and week 12. Tolerability, subject assessments, digital photography, AGE measurements, skin caliper measurements, and corneometry were also performed at each time point. Results 19/20 subjects successfully completed the study. The presence of AGEs was documented by skin autofluorescence. The 12-week duration of the study was insufficient to measure a change in skin AGEs, but longer application of the study product might produce different results. No tolerability issues were noted. There was a statistically significant increase in skin caliper measurements on the face (P = 0.004) and arm (P = 0.014) as well as corneometry measurements (P