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Dehua Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impairment of cellular and humoral immunity in overweight mongolian gerbils meriones unguiculatus
Integrative Zoology, 2011Co-Authors: Xinyu Liu, X U Deli, Dehua WangAbstract:Animal immunity is usually impaired in obesity. We know little about the effect of being overweight or obese on the immune function of wild rodents. The present study is aimed to test the hypothesis that immunity is suppressed in overweight Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). In the study, 16 overweight (Body Mass: 90.8–127.6 g) and 16 lean gerbils (Body Mass: 60.5–77.7 g) were randomly selected from a total of 174 male gerbils (Body Mass range: 55.8–144.7 g). Half of the overweight and lean males were injected with sterile saline; the others were immunochallenged (IC) with phytohaemagglutinin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin to assess cellular and humoral immunity, respectively. Body Fat Mass, wet and dry spleen Mass, leukocyte counts, blood glucose levels and serum leptin levels were significantly higher in the overweight gerbils than in the lean gerbils. However, phytohemagglutinin response indicative of cellular immunity and immunoglobulin G concentrations was significantly lower in the IC overweight gerbils than in the IC lean gerbils. These results indicate that cellular and humoral immunity are impaired in the overweight gerbils. Excessive Body Fat Mass, higher leukocyte counts and serum leptin levels imply that overweight gerbils are in a low grade inflammatory state.
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glucose supplement reverses the fasting induced suppression of cellular immunity in mongolian gerbils meriones unguiculatus
Zoology, 2011Co-Authors: Dehua WangAbstract:Glucose plays an important role in immunity. Three day fasting will decrease cellular immunity and blood glucose levels in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that glucose supplement can reverse the fasting-induced suppression in cellular immunity in gerbils. Twenty-eight male gerbils were selected and randomly divided into fed and fasting groups. Half of the gerbils in each group were then provided with either 10% glucose water or pure water. After 66 h, each gerbil was injected with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) solution to challenge cellular immunity. Results showed that glucose supplement restored blood glucose levels in fasted gerbils to those of the fed controls. It also recovered cellular immunity, Body Fat Mass and serum leptin levels in fasted gerbils to the values of the fed controls. Blood glucose levels were positively correlated with Body Fat Mass, leptin levels and cellular immune responses. Thymus and spleen Masses, and white blood cells in fasted gerbils were not affected by glucose supplement. In general, our data demonstrate that glucose supplement could reverse fasting-induced suppression of cellular immunity in Mongolian gerbils.
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fasting suppresses t cell mediated immunity in female mongolian gerbils meriones unguiculatus
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2010Co-Authors: Dehua WangAbstract:Immune defense is important for organisms' survival and fitness. Small mammals in temperate zone often face seasonal food shortages. Generally fasting can suppress immune function in laboratory rodents and little information is available for wild rodents. The present study tested the hypothesis that Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) could inhibit T cell-mediated immunity to adapt to acute fasting. Forty-two females were divided into the fed and fasted groups, in which the latter was deprived of food for 3 days. After 66 h fasting, half of the gerbils in each group were injected with phosphate buffered saline or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) solution. T cell-mediated immunity assessed by PHA response was suppressed in the fasted gerbils compared with the fed gerbils. The fasted gerbils had lower Body Fat Mass, wet and dry thymus Mass, dry spleen Mass, white blood cells, serum leptin and blood glucose concentrations, but higher corticosterone concentrations than those of the controls. Moreover, PHA response was positively correlated with Body Fat Mass and serum leptin levels in the immunochallenged groups. Taken together, acute fasting leads to immunosuppression, which might be caused by low Body Fat Mass and low serum leptin concentrations in female Mongolian gerbils.
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seasonal thermogenesis and Body Mass regulation in plateau pikas ochotona curzoniae
Oecologia, 2006Co-Authors: Jianmei Wang, Yanming Zhang, Dehua WangAbstract:Changes in photoperiod, ambient temperature and food availability trigger seasonal acclimatization in physiology and behavior of many animals. In the present study, seasonal adjustments in Body Mass and in several physiological, hormonal, and biochemical markers were examined in wild-captured plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Our results showed that plateau pikas maintained a relatively constant Body Mass throughout the year and showed no seasonal changes in Body Fat Mass and circulating levels of serum leptin. However, nonshivering thermogenesis, cytochrome c oxidase activity, and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) contents in brown adipose tissues were significantly enhanced in winter. Further, serum leptin levels were positively correlated with Body Mass and Body Fat Mass while negatively correlated with UCP1 contents. Together, these data suggest that plateau pikas mainly depend on increasing thermogenic capacities, rather than decreasing Body Mass, to cope with cold, and leptin may play a potential role in their thermogenesis and Body Mass regulation.
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regulation of Body weight and thermogenesis in seasonally acclimatized brandt s voles microtus brandti
Hormones and Behavior, 2005Co-Authors: Dehua WangAbstract:Seasonal changes in an animal's morphology, physiology, and behavior are considered to be an adaptive strategy for survival and reproductive success. In the present study, we examined Body weight and several behavioral, physiological, hormonal, and biochemical markers in seasonally acclimatized Brandt's voles (Microtus brandti) to test our hypothesis that Brandt's voles can decrease energy intake associated with decrease in Body weight, Body Fat content, serum leptin level, and increasing thermogenesis in winter conditions. We found that the Body weight of Brandt's voles was lowest in winter (December to February) and highest in spring and early summer (May to June). This seasonal variation in Body weight was associated with changes in other markers examined. For example, the winter decrease in Body weight was accompanied by increased energy intake and enhanced nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) as well as by decreased Body Fat Mass and reduced levels of circulating leptin. Further, circulating levels of leptin were positively correlated with Body weight and Body Fat Mass, and negatively correlated with energy intake and uncoupling protein 1 contents. Together, these data do not support our hypothesis and suggest that leptin may be involved in this process and serve as a starvation signal in Brandt's voles.
Ola Gudmundsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid for 24 months is well tolerated by and reduces Body Fat Mass in healthy overweight humans
Journal of Nutrition, 2005Co-Authors: Jeanmichel Gaullier, Hans Fagertun, Johan Halse, Kjetil Hoye, Knut Kristiansen, Hogne Vik, Ola GudmundsenAbstract:After 12 mo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation (2 groups received CLA as part of a triglyceride or as the free Fatty acid, and 1 group received olive oil as placebo), 134 of the 157 participants who concluded the study were included in an open study for another 12 mo. The goals of the extension study were to evaluate the safety [with clinical chemistry analyses and reported adverse events (AEs)] and assess the effects of CLA on Body composition [Body Fat Mass (BFM), lean Body Mass (LBM), bone mineral Mass (BMM)], Body weight, and BMI. All subjects were supplemented with 3.4g CLA/d in the triglyceride form. Circulating lipoprotein(a) and thrombocytes increased in all groups. There was no change in fasting blood glucose. Aspartate amino transferase, but not alanine amino transferase, increased significantly. Plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were reduced, whereas HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were unchanged. The AE rate decreased compared with the first 12 mo of the study. Body weight and BFM were reduced in the subjects administered the placebo during the initial 12 mo study (-1.6 +/- 3.2 and -1.7 +/- 2.8 kg, respectively). No Fat or Body weight changes occurred in the 2 groups given CLA during the initial 12 mo. LBM and BMM were not affected in any of the groups. Changes in Body composition were not related to diet and/or training. In conclusion, this study shows that CLA supplementation for 24 mo in healthy, overweight adults was well tolerated. It confirms also that CLA decreases BFM in overweight humans, and may help maintain initial reductions in BFM and weight in the long term.
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conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y reduces Body Fat Mass in healthy overweight humans
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004Co-Authors: Jeanmichel Gaullier, Hans Fagertun, Johan Halse, Kjetil Hoye, Knut Kristiansen, Hogne Vik, Ola GudmundsenAbstract:Background: Short-term trials showed that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) may reduce Body Fat Mass (BFM) and increase lean Body Mass (LBM), but the long-term effect of CLA was not examined. Objective: The objective of the study was to ascertain the 1-y effect of CLA on Body composition and safety in healthy overweight adults consuming an ad libitum diet. Design: Male and female volunteers (n 180) with Body Mass indexes (in kg/m 2 ) of 25–30 were included in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Subjects were randomly assigned to 3 groups: CLA–free Fatty acid (FFA), CLA-triacylglycerol, or placebo (olive oil). Change in BFM, as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included the effects of CLA on LBM, adverse events, and safety variables. Results: Mean ( SD) BFM in the CLA-triacylglycerol and CLAFFA groups was 8.7 9.1% and 6.9 9.1%, respectively, lower than that in the placebo group (P 0.001). Subjects receiving CLAFFA had 1.8 4.3% greater LBM than did subjects receiving placebo (P 0.002). These changes were not associated with diet or exercise. LDL increased in the CLA-FFA group (P 0.008), HDL decreased in the CLA-triacylglycerol group (P 0.003), and lipoprotein(a) increased in both CLA groups (P 0.001) compared with month 0. Fasting blood glucose concentrations remained unchanged in all 3 groups. Glycated hemoglobin rose in all groups from month 0 concentrations, but there was no significant difference between groups. Adverse events did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion: Long-term supplementation with CLA-FFA or CLAtriacylglycerol reduces BFM in healthy overweight adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:1118 –25.
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conjugated linoleic acid reduces Body Fat Mass in overweight and obese humans
Journal of Nutrition, 2000Co-Authors: Henrietta Blankson, Jacob A Stakkestad, Hans Fagertun, Erling Thom, Jan Wadstein, Ola GudmundsenAbstract:Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to reduce Body Fat Mass (BFM) in animals. To investigate the dose-response relationships of conjugated linoleic acid with regard to BFM in humans, a randomized, double-blind study including 60 overweight or obese volunteers (Body Mass index 25-35 kg/m(2)) was performed. The subjects were divided into five groups receiving placebo (9 g olive oil), 1.7, 3.4, 5.1 or 6.8 g conjugated linoleic acid per day for 12 wk, respectively. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure Body composition [measurements at wk 0 (baseline), 6 and 12]. Of the 60 subjects, 47 completed the study. Eight subjects withdrew from the study due to adverse events; however, no differences among treatment groups were found regarding adverse events. Repeated-measures analysis showed that a significantly higher reduction in BFM was found in the conjugated linoleic acid groups compared with the placebo group (P: = 0.03). The reduction of Body Fat within the groups was significant for the 3.4 and 6.8 g CLA groups (P: = 0.05 and P: = 0.02, respectively). No significant differences among the groups were observed in lean Body Mass, Body Mass index, blood safety variables or blood lipids. The data suggest that conjugated linoleic acid may reduce BFM in humans and that no additional effect on BFM is achieved with doses > 3.4 g CLA/d.
Ursula G. Kyle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sedentarism affects Body Fat Mass index and Fat free Mass index in adults aged 18 to 98 years
Nutrition, 2004Co-Authors: Ursula G. Kyle, Y Schutz, Alfredo Morabia, C PichardAbstract:Abstract Objective Body Mass index does not discriminate Body Fat from Fat-free Mass or determine changes in these parameters with physical activity and aging. Body Fat Mass index (BFMI) and Fat-free Mass index (FFMI) permit comparisons of subjects with different heights. This study evaluated differences in Body Mass index, BFMI, and FFMI in physically active and sedentary subjects younger and older than 60 y and determined the association between physical activity, age, and Body composition parameters in a healthy white population between ages 18 and 98 y. Methods Body Fat and Fat-free Mass were determined in healthy white men ( n = 3549) and women ( n = 3184), between ages 18 and 98 y, by bioelectrical impedance analysis. BFMI and FFMI (kg/m 2 ) were calculated. Physical activity was defined as at least 3 h/wk of endurance-type activity for at least 2 mo. Results Physically active as opposed to sedentary subjects were more likely to have a low BFMI (men: odds ratio [OR], 1.4; confidence interval [CI], 0.7–2.5; women: OR 1.9, CI 1.6–2.2) and less likely to have very high BFMI (men: OR, 0.2; CI, 0.1–0.2; women: OR, 0.1; CI, 0.02–0.2), low FFMI (men: OR, 0.5; CI, 0.3–0.9; women: OR, 0.7; CI, 0.6–0.9), or very high FFMI (men: OR, 0.6; CI, 0.4–0.8; women: OR, 0.7; CI, 0.5–1.0). Compared with subjects younger than 60 y, those older than 60 y were more like to have very high BFMI (men: OR, 6.5; CI, 4.5–9.3; women: OR, 14.0; CI, 9.6–20.5), and women 60 y and older were less likely to have a low BFMI (OR, 0.4; CI, 0.2–0.5). Conclusions A clear association was found between low physical activity or age and height-normalized Body composition parameters (BFMI and FFMI) derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physically active subjects were more likely to have high or very high or low FFMI. Older subjects had higher Body weights and BFMI.
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Body composition interpretation contributions of the Fat free Mass index and the Body Fat Mass index
Nutrition, 2003Co-Authors: Ursula G. Kyle, Y Schutz, Yves M Dupertuis, Claude PichardAbstract:Abstract Objective Low and high Body Mass index (BMI) values have been shown to increase health risks and mortality and result in variations in Fat-free Mass (FFM) and Body Fat Mass (BF). Currently, there are no published ranges for a Fat-free Mass index (FFMI; kg/m 2 ), a Body Fat Mass index (BFMI; kg/m 2 ), and percentage of Body Fat (%BF). The purpose of this population study was to determine predicted FFMI and BFMI values in subjects with low, normal, overweight, and obese BMI. Methods FFM and BF were determined in 2986 healthy white men and 2649 white women, age 15 to 98 y, by a previously validated 50-kHz bioelectrical impedance analysis equation. FFMI, BFMI, and %BF were calculated. Results FFMI values were 16.7 to 19.8 kg/m 2 for men and 14.6 to 16.8 kg/m 2 for women within the normal BMI ranges. BFMI values were 1.8 to 5.2 kg/m 2 for men and 3.9 to 8.2 kg/m 2 for women within the normal BMI ranges. BFMI values were 8.3 and 11.8 kg/m 2 in men and women, respectively, for obese BMI (>30 kg/m 2 ). Normal ranges for %BF were 13.4 to 21.7 and 24.6 to 33.2 for men and women, respectively. Conclusion BMI alone cannot provide information about the respective contribution of FFM or Fat Mass to Body weight. This study presents FFMI and BFMI values that correspond to low, normal, overweight, and obese BMIs. FFMI and BFMI provide information about Body compartments, regardless of height.
X U Deli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impairment of cellular and humoral immunity in overweight mongolian gerbils meriones unguiculatus
Integrative Zoology, 2011Co-Authors: Xinyu Liu, X U Deli, Dehua WangAbstract:Animal immunity is usually impaired in obesity. We know little about the effect of being overweight or obese on the immune function of wild rodents. The present study is aimed to test the hypothesis that immunity is suppressed in overweight Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). In the study, 16 overweight (Body Mass: 90.8–127.6 g) and 16 lean gerbils (Body Mass: 60.5–77.7 g) were randomly selected from a total of 174 male gerbils (Body Mass range: 55.8–144.7 g). Half of the overweight and lean males were injected with sterile saline; the others were immunochallenged (IC) with phytohaemagglutinin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin to assess cellular and humoral immunity, respectively. Body Fat Mass, wet and dry spleen Mass, leukocyte counts, blood glucose levels and serum leptin levels were significantly higher in the overweight gerbils than in the lean gerbils. However, phytohemagglutinin response indicative of cellular immunity and immunoglobulin G concentrations was significantly lower in the IC overweight gerbils than in the IC lean gerbils. These results indicate that cellular and humoral immunity are impaired in the overweight gerbils. Excessive Body Fat Mass, higher leukocyte counts and serum leptin levels imply that overweight gerbils are in a low grade inflammatory state.
C Pichard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sedentarism affects Body Fat Mass index and Fat free Mass index in adults aged 18 to 98 years
Nutrition, 2004Co-Authors: Ursula G. Kyle, Y Schutz, Alfredo Morabia, C PichardAbstract:Abstract Objective Body Mass index does not discriminate Body Fat from Fat-free Mass or determine changes in these parameters with physical activity and aging. Body Fat Mass index (BFMI) and Fat-free Mass index (FFMI) permit comparisons of subjects with different heights. This study evaluated differences in Body Mass index, BFMI, and FFMI in physically active and sedentary subjects younger and older than 60 y and determined the association between physical activity, age, and Body composition parameters in a healthy white population between ages 18 and 98 y. Methods Body Fat and Fat-free Mass were determined in healthy white men ( n = 3549) and women ( n = 3184), between ages 18 and 98 y, by bioelectrical impedance analysis. BFMI and FFMI (kg/m 2 ) were calculated. Physical activity was defined as at least 3 h/wk of endurance-type activity for at least 2 mo. Results Physically active as opposed to sedentary subjects were more likely to have a low BFMI (men: odds ratio [OR], 1.4; confidence interval [CI], 0.7–2.5; women: OR 1.9, CI 1.6–2.2) and less likely to have very high BFMI (men: OR, 0.2; CI, 0.1–0.2; women: OR, 0.1; CI, 0.02–0.2), low FFMI (men: OR, 0.5; CI, 0.3–0.9; women: OR, 0.7; CI, 0.6–0.9), or very high FFMI (men: OR, 0.6; CI, 0.4–0.8; women: OR, 0.7; CI, 0.5–1.0). Compared with subjects younger than 60 y, those older than 60 y were more like to have very high BFMI (men: OR, 6.5; CI, 4.5–9.3; women: OR, 14.0; CI, 9.6–20.5), and women 60 y and older were less likely to have a low BFMI (OR, 0.4; CI, 0.2–0.5). Conclusions A clear association was found between low physical activity or age and height-normalized Body composition parameters (BFMI and FFMI) derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physically active subjects were more likely to have high or very high or low FFMI. Older subjects had higher Body weights and BFMI.