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Hidehiro Ozawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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localization of thy 1 positive cells in the perichondrium during endochondral ossification
Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Hiroaki Nakamura, Akira Yukita, Tadashi Ninomiya, Akihiro Hosoya, Toru Hiraga, Hidehiro OzawaAbstract:We elucidated the localization of Thy-1-positive cells in the perichondrium of fetal rat limb Bones to clarify the distribution of osteogenic cells in the process of endochondral ossification. We also examined the formation of calcified Bone-like matrices by isolated perichondrial cells in vitro. At embryonic day (E) 15.5, when the cartilage primodia were formed, immunoreactivity for Thy-1 was detected in cells of the perichondrium adjacent to the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes. At E17.5, when the Bone Collar formation and the vascular invasion were initiated, fibroblast-like cells at the sites of vascular invasion, as well as in the perichondrium, showed Thy-1 labeling. Double immunostaining for Thy-1 and osterix revealed that Thy-1 was not expressed in the osterix-positive osteoblasts. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that Thy-1-positive cells in the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes came in contact with blood vessels. Perichondrial cells isolated from limb Bones showed alkaline phosphatase activity and formed calcified Bone-like matrices after 4 weeks in osteogenic medium. RT-PCR demonstrated that Thy-1 expression decreased as calcified nodules formed. Conversely, the expression of osteogenic marker genes Runx2, osterix, and osteocalcin increased. These results indicate that Thy-1 is a good marker for characterizing osteoprogenitor cells.
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Localization of Thy-1–positive Cells in the Perichondrium During Endochondral Ossification
Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Hiroaki Nakamura, Akira Yukita, Tadashi Ninomiya, Akihiro Hosoya, Toru Hiraga, Hidehiro OzawaAbstract:Bone develops via two types of mechanisms, endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification. During endochondral ossification, the cartilage anlage is surrounded by the perichondrium, a membranous sheath of flattened cells. After chondrocytes undergo hypertrophy, the cells in the inner layer of the perichondrium begin to differentiate into osteoblasts and form a Bone Collar. The vasculature in the periosteum brings the osteoprogenitor cells and invades the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes, leading to the establishment of primary trabecular Bone and a marrow cavity (Cormack 1987). Colnot et al. (2004) demonstrated that the perichondrium participates in vascular invasion and ossification during endochondral ossification. The perichondrial cells appear to consistently differentiate into osteoblasts. Thus, the perichondrium is thought to be a source of both trabecular and cortical osteoblasts. Recent advances in stem cell biology have improved the feasibility and effectiveness of cell-based therapy. The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is a potential tool for such therapy. MSCs have been identified in various tissues, such as Bone marrow and adipose tissues, and possess the ability to give rise to myoblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes in vitro (Pittenger et al. 1999; Clausen et al. 2006; Harting et al. 2008). However, the developmental process of osteoprogenitor cells has not been well characterized. Furthermore, although MSCs are reported to express the membrane marker proteins CD44, Thy-1 (CD90), CD106, CD146, and CD166 (Pittenger et al. 1999; Arai et al. 2002; Clausen et al. 2006; Park et al. 2007; Harting et al. 2008), their distribution in vivo and morphological characteristics have not been fully elucidated. Thy-1 is a glcycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein located in lipid rafts (Haeryfar and Hoskin 2004). Various cell types, including T-cells, neurons, endothelial cells, mesangial cells, and fibroblasts express Thy-1 at their surface. This molecule is reported to be involved in multiple biological processes, such as T-cell activation, neurite growth, wound healing, and fibrosis (Haeryfar and Hoskin 2004; Rege and Hagood 2006a,b). Although Thy-1 is expressed in MSCs (Pittenger et al. 1999; Arai et al. 2002; Clausen et al. 2006; Park et al. 2007; Harting et al. 2008) and osteoblast lineage cells (Chen et al. 1999), the localization of Thy-1–positive cells during endochondral ossification in vivo has not been determined. We performed immunostaining of Thy-1 to clarify its cellular distribution during endochondral ossification. We also examined the expression of osteoblastic marker genes by RT-PCR during the development of the osteogenic phenotype in vitro to address whether perichondrial cells contribute to the formation of Bone.
Hiroaki Nakamura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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localization of thy 1 positive cells in the perichondrium during endochondral ossification
Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Hiroaki Nakamura, Akira Yukita, Tadashi Ninomiya, Akihiro Hosoya, Toru Hiraga, Hidehiro OzawaAbstract:We elucidated the localization of Thy-1-positive cells in the perichondrium of fetal rat limb Bones to clarify the distribution of osteogenic cells in the process of endochondral ossification. We also examined the formation of calcified Bone-like matrices by isolated perichondrial cells in vitro. At embryonic day (E) 15.5, when the cartilage primodia were formed, immunoreactivity for Thy-1 was detected in cells of the perichondrium adjacent to the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes. At E17.5, when the Bone Collar formation and the vascular invasion were initiated, fibroblast-like cells at the sites of vascular invasion, as well as in the perichondrium, showed Thy-1 labeling. Double immunostaining for Thy-1 and osterix revealed that Thy-1 was not expressed in the osterix-positive osteoblasts. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that Thy-1-positive cells in the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes came in contact with blood vessels. Perichondrial cells isolated from limb Bones showed alkaline phosphatase activity and formed calcified Bone-like matrices after 4 weeks in osteogenic medium. RT-PCR demonstrated that Thy-1 expression decreased as calcified nodules formed. Conversely, the expression of osteogenic marker genes Runx2, osterix, and osteocalcin increased. These results indicate that Thy-1 is a good marker for characterizing osteoprogenitor cells.
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Localization of Thy-1–positive Cells in the Perichondrium During Endochondral Ossification
Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Hiroaki Nakamura, Akira Yukita, Tadashi Ninomiya, Akihiro Hosoya, Toru Hiraga, Hidehiro OzawaAbstract:Bone develops via two types of mechanisms, endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification. During endochondral ossification, the cartilage anlage is surrounded by the perichondrium, a membranous sheath of flattened cells. After chondrocytes undergo hypertrophy, the cells in the inner layer of the perichondrium begin to differentiate into osteoblasts and form a Bone Collar. The vasculature in the periosteum brings the osteoprogenitor cells and invades the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes, leading to the establishment of primary trabecular Bone and a marrow cavity (Cormack 1987). Colnot et al. (2004) demonstrated that the perichondrium participates in vascular invasion and ossification during endochondral ossification. The perichondrial cells appear to consistently differentiate into osteoblasts. Thus, the perichondrium is thought to be a source of both trabecular and cortical osteoblasts. Recent advances in stem cell biology have improved the feasibility and effectiveness of cell-based therapy. The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is a potential tool for such therapy. MSCs have been identified in various tissues, such as Bone marrow and adipose tissues, and possess the ability to give rise to myoblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes in vitro (Pittenger et al. 1999; Clausen et al. 2006; Harting et al. 2008). However, the developmental process of osteoprogenitor cells has not been well characterized. Furthermore, although MSCs are reported to express the membrane marker proteins CD44, Thy-1 (CD90), CD106, CD146, and CD166 (Pittenger et al. 1999; Arai et al. 2002; Clausen et al. 2006; Park et al. 2007; Harting et al. 2008), their distribution in vivo and morphological characteristics have not been fully elucidated. Thy-1 is a glcycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein located in lipid rafts (Haeryfar and Hoskin 2004). Various cell types, including T-cells, neurons, endothelial cells, mesangial cells, and fibroblasts express Thy-1 at their surface. This molecule is reported to be involved in multiple biological processes, such as T-cell activation, neurite growth, wound healing, and fibrosis (Haeryfar and Hoskin 2004; Rege and Hagood 2006a,b). Although Thy-1 is expressed in MSCs (Pittenger et al. 1999; Arai et al. 2002; Clausen et al. 2006; Park et al. 2007; Harting et al. 2008) and osteoblast lineage cells (Chen et al. 1999), the localization of Thy-1–positive cells during endochondral ossification in vivo has not been determined. We performed immunostaining of Thy-1 to clarify its cellular distribution during endochondral ossification. We also examined the expression of osteoblastic marker genes by RT-PCR during the development of the osteogenic phenotype in vitro to address whether perichondrial cells contribute to the formation of Bone.
Tadashi Ninomiya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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localization of thy 1 positive cells in the perichondrium during endochondral ossification
Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Hiroaki Nakamura, Akira Yukita, Tadashi Ninomiya, Akihiro Hosoya, Toru Hiraga, Hidehiro OzawaAbstract:We elucidated the localization of Thy-1-positive cells in the perichondrium of fetal rat limb Bones to clarify the distribution of osteogenic cells in the process of endochondral ossification. We also examined the formation of calcified Bone-like matrices by isolated perichondrial cells in vitro. At embryonic day (E) 15.5, when the cartilage primodia were formed, immunoreactivity for Thy-1 was detected in cells of the perichondrium adjacent to the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes. At E17.5, when the Bone Collar formation and the vascular invasion were initiated, fibroblast-like cells at the sites of vascular invasion, as well as in the perichondrium, showed Thy-1 labeling. Double immunostaining for Thy-1 and osterix revealed that Thy-1 was not expressed in the osterix-positive osteoblasts. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that Thy-1-positive cells in the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes came in contact with blood vessels. Perichondrial cells isolated from limb Bones showed alkaline phosphatase activity and formed calcified Bone-like matrices after 4 weeks in osteogenic medium. RT-PCR demonstrated that Thy-1 expression decreased as calcified nodules formed. Conversely, the expression of osteogenic marker genes Runx2, osterix, and osteocalcin increased. These results indicate that Thy-1 is a good marker for characterizing osteoprogenitor cells.
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Localization of Thy-1–positive Cells in the Perichondrium During Endochondral Ossification
Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Hiroaki Nakamura, Akira Yukita, Tadashi Ninomiya, Akihiro Hosoya, Toru Hiraga, Hidehiro OzawaAbstract:Bone develops via two types of mechanisms, endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification. During endochondral ossification, the cartilage anlage is surrounded by the perichondrium, a membranous sheath of flattened cells. After chondrocytes undergo hypertrophy, the cells in the inner layer of the perichondrium begin to differentiate into osteoblasts and form a Bone Collar. The vasculature in the periosteum brings the osteoprogenitor cells and invades the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes, leading to the establishment of primary trabecular Bone and a marrow cavity (Cormack 1987). Colnot et al. (2004) demonstrated that the perichondrium participates in vascular invasion and ossification during endochondral ossification. The perichondrial cells appear to consistently differentiate into osteoblasts. Thus, the perichondrium is thought to be a source of both trabecular and cortical osteoblasts. Recent advances in stem cell biology have improved the feasibility and effectiveness of cell-based therapy. The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is a potential tool for such therapy. MSCs have been identified in various tissues, such as Bone marrow and adipose tissues, and possess the ability to give rise to myoblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes in vitro (Pittenger et al. 1999; Clausen et al. 2006; Harting et al. 2008). However, the developmental process of osteoprogenitor cells has not been well characterized. Furthermore, although MSCs are reported to express the membrane marker proteins CD44, Thy-1 (CD90), CD106, CD146, and CD166 (Pittenger et al. 1999; Arai et al. 2002; Clausen et al. 2006; Park et al. 2007; Harting et al. 2008), their distribution in vivo and morphological characteristics have not been fully elucidated. Thy-1 is a glcycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein located in lipid rafts (Haeryfar and Hoskin 2004). Various cell types, including T-cells, neurons, endothelial cells, mesangial cells, and fibroblasts express Thy-1 at their surface. This molecule is reported to be involved in multiple biological processes, such as T-cell activation, neurite growth, wound healing, and fibrosis (Haeryfar and Hoskin 2004; Rege and Hagood 2006a,b). Although Thy-1 is expressed in MSCs (Pittenger et al. 1999; Arai et al. 2002; Clausen et al. 2006; Park et al. 2007; Harting et al. 2008) and osteoblast lineage cells (Chen et al. 1999), the localization of Thy-1–positive cells during endochondral ossification in vivo has not been determined. We performed immunostaining of Thy-1 to clarify its cellular distribution during endochondral ossification. We also examined the expression of osteoblastic marker genes by RT-PCR during the development of the osteogenic phenotype in vitro to address whether perichondrial cells contribute to the formation of Bone.
Akira Yukita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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localization of thy 1 positive cells in the perichondrium during endochondral ossification
Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Hiroaki Nakamura, Akira Yukita, Tadashi Ninomiya, Akihiro Hosoya, Toru Hiraga, Hidehiro OzawaAbstract:We elucidated the localization of Thy-1-positive cells in the perichondrium of fetal rat limb Bones to clarify the distribution of osteogenic cells in the process of endochondral ossification. We also examined the formation of calcified Bone-like matrices by isolated perichondrial cells in vitro. At embryonic day (E) 15.5, when the cartilage primodia were formed, immunoreactivity for Thy-1 was detected in cells of the perichondrium adjacent to the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes. At E17.5, when the Bone Collar formation and the vascular invasion were initiated, fibroblast-like cells at the sites of vascular invasion, as well as in the perichondrium, showed Thy-1 labeling. Double immunostaining for Thy-1 and osterix revealed that Thy-1 was not expressed in the osterix-positive osteoblasts. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that Thy-1-positive cells in the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes came in contact with blood vessels. Perichondrial cells isolated from limb Bones showed alkaline phosphatase activity and formed calcified Bone-like matrices after 4 weeks in osteogenic medium. RT-PCR demonstrated that Thy-1 expression decreased as calcified nodules formed. Conversely, the expression of osteogenic marker genes Runx2, osterix, and osteocalcin increased. These results indicate that Thy-1 is a good marker for characterizing osteoprogenitor cells.
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Localization of Thy-1–positive Cells in the Perichondrium During Endochondral Ossification
Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Hiroaki Nakamura, Akira Yukita, Tadashi Ninomiya, Akihiro Hosoya, Toru Hiraga, Hidehiro OzawaAbstract:Bone develops via two types of mechanisms, endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification. During endochondral ossification, the cartilage anlage is surrounded by the perichondrium, a membranous sheath of flattened cells. After chondrocytes undergo hypertrophy, the cells in the inner layer of the perichondrium begin to differentiate into osteoblasts and form a Bone Collar. The vasculature in the periosteum brings the osteoprogenitor cells and invades the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes, leading to the establishment of primary trabecular Bone and a marrow cavity (Cormack 1987). Colnot et al. (2004) demonstrated that the perichondrium participates in vascular invasion and ossification during endochondral ossification. The perichondrial cells appear to consistently differentiate into osteoblasts. Thus, the perichondrium is thought to be a source of both trabecular and cortical osteoblasts. Recent advances in stem cell biology have improved the feasibility and effectiveness of cell-based therapy. The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is a potential tool for such therapy. MSCs have been identified in various tissues, such as Bone marrow and adipose tissues, and possess the ability to give rise to myoblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes in vitro (Pittenger et al. 1999; Clausen et al. 2006; Harting et al. 2008). However, the developmental process of osteoprogenitor cells has not been well characterized. Furthermore, although MSCs are reported to express the membrane marker proteins CD44, Thy-1 (CD90), CD106, CD146, and CD166 (Pittenger et al. 1999; Arai et al. 2002; Clausen et al. 2006; Park et al. 2007; Harting et al. 2008), their distribution in vivo and morphological characteristics have not been fully elucidated. Thy-1 is a glcycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein located in lipid rafts (Haeryfar and Hoskin 2004). Various cell types, including T-cells, neurons, endothelial cells, mesangial cells, and fibroblasts express Thy-1 at their surface. This molecule is reported to be involved in multiple biological processes, such as T-cell activation, neurite growth, wound healing, and fibrosis (Haeryfar and Hoskin 2004; Rege and Hagood 2006a,b). Although Thy-1 is expressed in MSCs (Pittenger et al. 1999; Arai et al. 2002; Clausen et al. 2006; Park et al. 2007; Harting et al. 2008) and osteoblast lineage cells (Chen et al. 1999), the localization of Thy-1–positive cells during endochondral ossification in vivo has not been determined. We performed immunostaining of Thy-1 to clarify its cellular distribution during endochondral ossification. We also examined the expression of osteoblastic marker genes by RT-PCR during the development of the osteogenic phenotype in vitro to address whether perichondrial cells contribute to the formation of Bone.
Akihiro Hosoya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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localization of thy 1 positive cells in the perichondrium during endochondral ossification
Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Hiroaki Nakamura, Akira Yukita, Tadashi Ninomiya, Akihiro Hosoya, Toru Hiraga, Hidehiro OzawaAbstract:We elucidated the localization of Thy-1-positive cells in the perichondrium of fetal rat limb Bones to clarify the distribution of osteogenic cells in the process of endochondral ossification. We also examined the formation of calcified Bone-like matrices by isolated perichondrial cells in vitro. At embryonic day (E) 15.5, when the cartilage primodia were formed, immunoreactivity for Thy-1 was detected in cells of the perichondrium adjacent to the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes. At E17.5, when the Bone Collar formation and the vascular invasion were initiated, fibroblast-like cells at the sites of vascular invasion, as well as in the perichondrium, showed Thy-1 labeling. Double immunostaining for Thy-1 and osterix revealed that Thy-1 was not expressed in the osterix-positive osteoblasts. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that Thy-1-positive cells in the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes came in contact with blood vessels. Perichondrial cells isolated from limb Bones showed alkaline phosphatase activity and formed calcified Bone-like matrices after 4 weeks in osteogenic medium. RT-PCR demonstrated that Thy-1 expression decreased as calcified nodules formed. Conversely, the expression of osteogenic marker genes Runx2, osterix, and osteocalcin increased. These results indicate that Thy-1 is a good marker for characterizing osteoprogenitor cells.
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Localization of Thy-1–positive Cells in the Perichondrium During Endochondral Ossification
Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Hiroaki Nakamura, Akira Yukita, Tadashi Ninomiya, Akihiro Hosoya, Toru Hiraga, Hidehiro OzawaAbstract:Bone develops via two types of mechanisms, endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification. During endochondral ossification, the cartilage anlage is surrounded by the perichondrium, a membranous sheath of flattened cells. After chondrocytes undergo hypertrophy, the cells in the inner layer of the perichondrium begin to differentiate into osteoblasts and form a Bone Collar. The vasculature in the periosteum brings the osteoprogenitor cells and invades the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes, leading to the establishment of primary trabecular Bone and a marrow cavity (Cormack 1987). Colnot et al. (2004) demonstrated that the perichondrium participates in vascular invasion and ossification during endochondral ossification. The perichondrial cells appear to consistently differentiate into osteoblasts. Thus, the perichondrium is thought to be a source of both trabecular and cortical osteoblasts. Recent advances in stem cell biology have improved the feasibility and effectiveness of cell-based therapy. The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is a potential tool for such therapy. MSCs have been identified in various tissues, such as Bone marrow and adipose tissues, and possess the ability to give rise to myoblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes in vitro (Pittenger et al. 1999; Clausen et al. 2006; Harting et al. 2008). However, the developmental process of osteoprogenitor cells has not been well characterized. Furthermore, although MSCs are reported to express the membrane marker proteins CD44, Thy-1 (CD90), CD106, CD146, and CD166 (Pittenger et al. 1999; Arai et al. 2002; Clausen et al. 2006; Park et al. 2007; Harting et al. 2008), their distribution in vivo and morphological characteristics have not been fully elucidated. Thy-1 is a glcycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein located in lipid rafts (Haeryfar and Hoskin 2004). Various cell types, including T-cells, neurons, endothelial cells, mesangial cells, and fibroblasts express Thy-1 at their surface. This molecule is reported to be involved in multiple biological processes, such as T-cell activation, neurite growth, wound healing, and fibrosis (Haeryfar and Hoskin 2004; Rege and Hagood 2006a,b). Although Thy-1 is expressed in MSCs (Pittenger et al. 1999; Arai et al. 2002; Clausen et al. 2006; Park et al. 2007; Harting et al. 2008) and osteoblast lineage cells (Chen et al. 1999), the localization of Thy-1–positive cells during endochondral ossification in vivo has not been determined. We performed immunostaining of Thy-1 to clarify its cellular distribution during endochondral ossification. We also examined the expression of osteoblastic marker genes by RT-PCR during the development of the osteogenic phenotype in vitro to address whether perichondrial cells contribute to the formation of Bone.