The Experts below are selected from a list of 139635 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Harry K. Genant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
does estimating volumetric Bone Density of the femoral neck improve the prediction of hip fracture a prospective study
2009Co-Authors: R Steven M D Cummings, Robert Marcus, Lisa Palermo, Kristine E Ensrud, Harry K. GenantAbstract:Standard projectional Bone Density of the femoral neck (BMD), defined as Bone mineral content divided by the projected area of the neck, predicts hip fractures but may not accurately estimate the true volumetric Bone Density of the femoral neck. To determine whether an estimate of the volumetric Bone Density of the neck, "Bone mineral apparent Density" (BMAD), would be a better predictor of hip fracture, we analyzed dual x-ray absorptiometry scans obtained prospectively from 7963 older white women, of whom 83 suffered a hip fracture during follow-up. Both BMD and BMAD were stronger predictors than Bone mineral content (BMC) of the femoral neck. However, BMD and BMAD had very similar predictive values for hip fracture: each standard deviation decrease in either BMD or BMAD of the femoral neck increased the age-adjusted risk of hip fracture 2.6- to 2.7-fold. We conclude that BMD and BMAD of the femoral neck have a similarly strong predictive value for hip fracture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
-
Bone Density at various sites for prediction of hip fractures
1993Co-Authors: Steven R Cummings, Dennis M Black, Warren S Browner, Michael C. Nevitt, Jane A Cauley, Harry K. Genant, Kristine E Ensrud, J Scott, Thomas M VogtAbstract:Women with low Bone Density in the radius or calcaneus are at increased risk of hip fracture. To see whether Bone Density of the hip measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry is a better predictor of hip fracture than measurements of other Bones, we assessed Bone Density at several sites in 8134 women aged 65 years or more. 65 women had hip fractures during a mean follow-up of 1.8 years. Each SD decrease in femoral neck Bone Density increased the age-adjusted risk of hip fracture 2.6 times (95% CL 1.9, 3.6). Women with Bone Density in the lowest quartile had an 8.5-fold greater risk of hip fracture than those in the highest quartile. Bone Density of the femoral neck was a better predictor than measurements of the spine (p < 0.0001), radius (p < 0.002), and moderately better than the calcaneus (p = 0.10). Low hip Bone Density is a stronger predictor of hip fracture than Bone Density at other sites. Efforts to prevent hip fractures should focus on women with low hip Bone Density.
Carlton M. Bates - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
low Bone Density in children with hypercalciuria and or nephrolithiasis
2008Co-Authors: Andrew L. Schwaderer, Robert M. Cronin, John D. Mahan, Carlton M. BatesAbstract:The objective of this study was to identify how many children with hypercalciuria and/or nephrolithiasis have a low Bone Density and whether the risk of low Bone Density can be identified by 24-h urine stone-risk profiles and/or growth parameters. A retrospective chart review was performed on 110 idiopathic hypercalciuria and/or kidney stone patients who received both a 24-h urine for stone-risk profile and a dual-energy X-ray densitometry scan. Patients were divided into low Bone Density vs. normal Bone Density groups and hypercalcuria verus nephrolithiasis groups and analyzed for differences in growth parameters, urine stone-risk profiles, and Bone densities. Overall, 47% had a Bone Density z score < −1, and 26% had a Bone Density z score < −2. Patients with a low Bone Density had a higher body mass index and lower urine creatinine and ammonium than those with a normal Bone Density. Patients with nephrolithiasis had a lower Bone Density z score than patients with hypercalcuria and no nephrolithiasis. Clinicians should be aware of the increased incidence of low Bone Density in children with hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis. The effect of hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis treatment on Bone Density and the natural progression of the Bone Density in the studied patient population warrants further investigation.
Christopher E Kawcak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
qualitative assessment of Bone Density at the distal articulating surface of the third metacarpal in thoroughbred racehorses with and without condylar fracture
2017Co-Authors: A B Loughridge, Ann M Hess, T D H Parkin, Christopher E KawcakAbstract:Reasons for performing study: Changes in subchondral Bone Density, induced by the repetitive cyclical loading of exercise, may potentiate fatigue damage and the risk of fracture. Objectives: To use computed tomography (CT) to characterise Bone Density patterns at the articular surface of the third metacarpal Bone in racehorses with and without lateral condylar fractures. Study Design: Case control Methods: Computed tomographic images of the distal articulating surface of the third metacarpal Bone were obtained from Thoroughbred racehorses subjected to euthanasia in the UK. Third metacarpal Bones were divided into 3 groups based on lateral condyle status; fractured (FX, n = 42), nonfractured contralateral condyle (NFX, n = 42) and control condyles from horses subjected to euthanasia for reasons unrelated to the third metacarpal Bone (control, n = 94). Colour CT images were generated whereby each colour represented a range of pixel values and thus a relative range of Bone Density. A Density value was calculated qualitatively by estimating the percentage of each colour within a specific region. Subchondral Bone Density was assessed in 6 regions from dorsal to palmar and 1 mm medial and lateral to the centre of the lateral parasagittal groove in NFX and control condyles and 1 mm medial and lateral to the fracture in FX condyles. Results: Bone Density was significantly higher in the FX and NFX condyles compared with control condyles for all 6 regions. A significantly higher Bone Density was observed in FX condyles relative to NFX condyles in the lateral middle and lateral palmar regions. Fractured condyles had increased heterogeneity in Density among the 6 regions of interest compared with control and NFX condyles. Conclusions: Adjacent to the fracture, a focal increase in Bone Density and increased heterogeneity of Density were characteristic of limbs with lateral condylar fractures compared with control and NFX condyles. These differences may represent pathological changes in Bone Density that increase the risk for lateral condylar fractures in racehorses.
-
correlation of quantitative computed tomographic subchondral Bone Density and ash Density in horses
2009Co-Authors: Marti G Drum, Richard D Park, C. Wayne Mcilwraith, R. W. Norrdin, Christopher E KawcakAbstract:article The purpose of this study was to compare subchondral Bone Density obtained using quantitative computed tomography with ash Density values from intact equine joints, and to determine if there are measurable anatomic variations in mean subchondral Bone Density. Five adult equine metacarpophalangeal joints were scanned with computed tomography (CT), disarticulated, and four 1-cm
Paul Monagle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
reduced Bone Density in children on long term warfarin
2005Co-Authors: Chris Barnes, Fiona Newall, Vera Ignjatovic, Patricia Wong, Fergus J Cameron, Graeme Jones, Paul MonagleAbstract:Vitamin K is essential for development of normal Bone Density and achieving adequate peak Bone mass in childhood and is thought to be important in preventing the development of osteoporosis in later life. Warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist, is being used with greater frequency in children. The long-term effect of warfarin on Bone Density of children is not known. We performed a case control study survey of Bone Density in children on long-term warfarin (n=17, average duration of warfarin treatment 8.2 y) compared with randomly selected controls (n=321). There was a marked reduction in Bone mineral apparent Density of lumbar spine between patients and controls [patients 0.10 g/cm3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.93-0.11 g/cm3, controls 0.12 g/cm3; 95% CI, 0.11-0.12 g/cm3, p<0.001). The lumbar spine areal Bone mineral Density Z-score of patients was reduced compared with controls [patients, -1.96 (95% CI, -2.52 to -1.40). This difference persisted after adjustment for age and body size. The etiology for the reduced Bone Density is likely to be multifactorial, however, screening of children on long-term warfarin for reduced Bone Density should be considered.
Sabine M P F De Muinck Keizerschrama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
reference data for Bone Density and body composition measured with dual energy x ray absorptiometry in white children and young adults
2002Co-Authors: Inge M Van Der Sluis, Maria A J De Ridder, Annemieke M Boot, Eric P Krenning, Sabine M P F De Muinck KeizerschramaAbstract:Aims: To obtain normative data on Bone mineral Density and body composition measured with dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA) from early childhood to young adulthood. Methods: Cross sectional results from 444 healthy white volunteers (4–20 years) in the Netherlands were combined with the results from 198 children who agreed to participate in the follow up study approximately four years later. DXA (Lunar, DPXL) of lumbar spine and total body was performed to assess Bone Density and body composition. Results: Bone Density and lean body mass (LBM) increased with age. Maximal increase in Bone Density and LBM occurred around the age of 13 years in girls and approximately two years later in boys. Bone Density of total body and lumbar spine showed an ongoing slight increase in the third decade. Mean fat percentage in boys remained at 10.5% throughout childhood, but increased in girls. Conclusions: Most of the skeletal mass in lumbar spine and total body is reached before the end of the second decade, with a slight increase thereafter. This study provides reference values for Bone Density and body composition measured with DXA for children and young adults.