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Nurul Khumaida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESISTENSI BIOKIMIA BIBIT JABON PUTIH (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq.) TERHADAP Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. PENYEBAB PENYAKIT MATI PUCUK
2018Co-Authors: Lola Adres Yanti, Ahmad Ahmad Ahmad, Nurul KhumaidaAbstract:Dieback disease on white jabon seedlings is caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae decreased seedlings quality, economic benefits of nurseries, and seedling death. There is no research for resistance of white jabon to pathogen attacked. This research aimed to study the biochemical resistance of white jabon to B. theobromae attacked. The biochemical resistance was done with studying the chemical compound of white jabon seedlings’ stem used phytochemistry analysis. The results showed that the biochemical resistance before pathogen attacked for white jabon seedlings were found alkaloids, flavonoid, phenol hydroquinone, tannin, saponins, and steroids. After pathogen attacked, the biochemical resistance of white jabon seedlings had the increase in the content of flavonoid, tannin, saponins, triterpenoid and steroids. Keywords: Botryodiplodia theobromae, stem infection methods, the increase of secondary metabolite content, white jabon seedling
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resistance mechanisms of white jabon seedlings anthocephalus cadamba against Botryodiplodia theobromae causing dieback disease
Biodiversitas, 2018Co-Authors: Lola Adres Yanti, Achmad Achmad, Nurul KhumaidaAbstract:Yanti LA, Achmad, Khumaida N. 2018. Resistance mechanisms of white jabon seedlings (Anthocephalus cadamba) against Botryodiplodia theobromae causing dieback disease. Biodiversitas 19: 1441-1450. Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. seedlings are the most preferred plant for the nursery as they serve a lot of benefits and can be used as shading trees, reforestation, plywood, pulp, paper, and traditional medicines. Further, those benefits can increase the economic value of this plant. The main problem in the nursery of forestry plants is pest and disease attacks, one of which is dieback disease. The dieback disease is caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. that may lead death of the host plant. Every plant has its resistance mechanism toward pathogen attacks. This research aimed: (1) to study B. theobromae attack through wounded and non-wounded stem infection methods on white jabon seedlings; (2) to study the resistance mechanisms of white jabon seedlings both structural and biochemical resistance against B. theobromae. This study employed a factorial treatment design laid out in a completely randomized design. The structural resistance was determined by studying the microscopic appearance of the white jabon seedlings’ stem by using a scanning electron microscope. Meanwhile, the biochemical resistance was determined by characterizing the chemical compounds of white jabon seedlings' stem using phytochemistry analysis. The result showed that the disease incidence of the control (inoculated without pathogen isolate) and the inoculated (inoculated with pathogen isolate) seedlings were, respectively, 0% and 100% (with wounded stem) and 0% and 30% (non-wounded). The disease severity of control and inoculated seedlings were 0% and 62% (with wounded stem) and 0% and 12% (non-wounded stem), respectively. The incubation period of wounded and non-wounded stems on inoculated seedlings (inoculated with pathogen isolate) was one day after inoculation with the numeric values (disease scores) of 4 and 2, respectively. White jabon seedlings had necrotic resistance as structural resistance mechanism against the pathogen attack. White jabon seedlings also contained secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoid, phenyl hydroquinone, tannin, saponin, and steroids. The biochemical resistance of white jabon seedling after pathogen attacks was shown by the increase of accumulated phenolic compounds such as flavonoid and tannin.
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resistency of white and red jabon seedlings anthocephalus spp to Botryodiplodia theobromae pat causing dieback disease uji resistensi bibit jabon putih dan merah anthocephalus spp terhadap Botryodiplodia theobromae pat penyebab penyakit mati
Silvikultur Tropika - Journal of Tropical Silviculture Science and Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Lola Adres Yanti, Nurul KhumaidaAbstract:Dieback disease on jabon seedlings is caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae decreased seedlings quality and economic benefits of nurseries. This is still sparse research for resistance test between white and red Jabon. This research aimed to test B. theobromae attacked with non wounded and wounded stem infection methods in Jabons and to obtain the most resistance of Jabons to B. theobromae attacked. The results showed that the disease incidence and the disease severity on both control of Jabon seedlings were 0% and 0%. But on treatment, white jabon seedlings non-wounded and wounded stem infection were 30% and 100%. For red jabon seedlings non-wounded and wounded stem infection were 80% and 100%. The disease severity on white jabon seedlings non-wounded and wounded stem infection were 12% and 62%. For red jabon seedlings non-wounded and wounded stem infection were 16% and 38%. The disease incidence on red Jabon seedlings were wider than white Jabon seedlings, but for the disease severity, white Jabon seedlings were worse than red Jabon seedlings. Botryodiplodia theobromae attacked non-wounded and wounded stem infection on Jabons. Key words: nursery, stem infection methods, the disease incidence, the disease severity
Lola Adres Yanti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESISTENSI BIOKIMIA BIBIT JABON PUTIH (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq.) TERHADAP Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. PENYEBAB PENYAKIT MATI PUCUK
2018Co-Authors: Lola Adres Yanti, Ahmad Ahmad Ahmad, Nurul KhumaidaAbstract:Dieback disease on white jabon seedlings is caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae decreased seedlings quality, economic benefits of nurseries, and seedling death. There is no research for resistance of white jabon to pathogen attacked. This research aimed to study the biochemical resistance of white jabon to B. theobromae attacked. The biochemical resistance was done with studying the chemical compound of white jabon seedlings’ stem used phytochemistry analysis. The results showed that the biochemical resistance before pathogen attacked for white jabon seedlings were found alkaloids, flavonoid, phenol hydroquinone, tannin, saponins, and steroids. After pathogen attacked, the biochemical resistance of white jabon seedlings had the increase in the content of flavonoid, tannin, saponins, triterpenoid and steroids. Keywords: Botryodiplodia theobromae, stem infection methods, the increase of secondary metabolite content, white jabon seedling
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resistance mechanisms of white jabon seedlings anthocephalus cadamba against Botryodiplodia theobromae causing dieback disease
Biodiversitas, 2018Co-Authors: Lola Adres Yanti, Achmad Achmad, Nurul KhumaidaAbstract:Yanti LA, Achmad, Khumaida N. 2018. Resistance mechanisms of white jabon seedlings (Anthocephalus cadamba) against Botryodiplodia theobromae causing dieback disease. Biodiversitas 19: 1441-1450. Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. seedlings are the most preferred plant for the nursery as they serve a lot of benefits and can be used as shading trees, reforestation, plywood, pulp, paper, and traditional medicines. Further, those benefits can increase the economic value of this plant. The main problem in the nursery of forestry plants is pest and disease attacks, one of which is dieback disease. The dieback disease is caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. that may lead death of the host plant. Every plant has its resistance mechanism toward pathogen attacks. This research aimed: (1) to study B. theobromae attack through wounded and non-wounded stem infection methods on white jabon seedlings; (2) to study the resistance mechanisms of white jabon seedlings both structural and biochemical resistance against B. theobromae. This study employed a factorial treatment design laid out in a completely randomized design. The structural resistance was determined by studying the microscopic appearance of the white jabon seedlings’ stem by using a scanning electron microscope. Meanwhile, the biochemical resistance was determined by characterizing the chemical compounds of white jabon seedlings' stem using phytochemistry analysis. The result showed that the disease incidence of the control (inoculated without pathogen isolate) and the inoculated (inoculated with pathogen isolate) seedlings were, respectively, 0% and 100% (with wounded stem) and 0% and 30% (non-wounded). The disease severity of control and inoculated seedlings were 0% and 62% (with wounded stem) and 0% and 12% (non-wounded stem), respectively. The incubation period of wounded and non-wounded stems on inoculated seedlings (inoculated with pathogen isolate) was one day after inoculation with the numeric values (disease scores) of 4 and 2, respectively. White jabon seedlings had necrotic resistance as structural resistance mechanism against the pathogen attack. White jabon seedlings also contained secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoid, phenyl hydroquinone, tannin, saponin, and steroids. The biochemical resistance of white jabon seedling after pathogen attacks was shown by the increase of accumulated phenolic compounds such as flavonoid and tannin.
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resistency of white and red jabon seedlings anthocephalus spp to Botryodiplodia theobromae pat causing dieback disease uji resistensi bibit jabon putih dan merah anthocephalus spp terhadap Botryodiplodia theobromae pat penyebab penyakit mati
Silvikultur Tropika - Journal of Tropical Silviculture Science and Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Lola Adres Yanti, Nurul KhumaidaAbstract:Dieback disease on jabon seedlings is caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae decreased seedlings quality and economic benefits of nurseries. This is still sparse research for resistance test between white and red Jabon. This research aimed to test B. theobromae attacked with non wounded and wounded stem infection methods in Jabons and to obtain the most resistance of Jabons to B. theobromae attacked. The results showed that the disease incidence and the disease severity on both control of Jabon seedlings were 0% and 0%. But on treatment, white jabon seedlings non-wounded and wounded stem infection were 30% and 100%. For red jabon seedlings non-wounded and wounded stem infection were 80% and 100%. The disease severity on white jabon seedlings non-wounded and wounded stem infection were 12% and 62%. For red jabon seedlings non-wounded and wounded stem infection were 16% and 38%. The disease incidence on red Jabon seedlings were wider than white Jabon seedlings, but for the disease severity, white Jabon seedlings were worse than red Jabon seedlings. Botryodiplodia theobromae attacked non-wounded and wounded stem infection on Jabons. Key words: nursery, stem infection methods, the disease incidence, the disease severity
M.l. Owoicho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of crude extract of Allium sativum L. and Zingiber officinale Rosc. on the post – harvest management of Botryodiplodia theobromae pat on banana fruits
Journal of Research in Forestry Wildlife and Environment, 2019Co-Authors: C Ekhuemelo, M.l. OwoichoAbstract:Banana is a popular food crop that provides income for many rural farmers and urban traders. Post - harvest rot of banana caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae limits banana availability due to reduced quality and deterioration during storage and sale. This study was conducted to determine the effect of garlic ( Allium sativum ) and ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) crude extracts at three concentrations of 10 %, 20 % and 30 % w/v on the management of Botryodiplodia theobromae in vivo. The study was a factorial experiment laid out in a Completely Randomized Design with three replicates. Data were recorded on the lesion growth, percentage weight loss, percentage lesion inhibition and the acceptability of treated banana ( Musa acuminata Colla) fruits by consumers. The result shows that the percentage weight loss of treated banana fruits was not significantly different ( p ˃ 0.05) across the treatments. The A. sativum extract at 30 % concentration had the highest percentage inhibition throughout the period of study. The lesion growth percentage inhibition trends showed that 30 % A. sativum > 30 % Z. officinale >20 % A. sativum >10 % A. sativum > 20 % Z. officinale >10 % Z. officinale > control. Banana fruits treated with 30 % w/v were more acceptable to the panellists and were comparable with the un-inoculated control. Keywords: Allium sativum , Banana, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Crude extract, Z. officinale
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effect of crude extract of allium sativum l and zingiber officinale rosc on the post harvest management of Botryodiplodia theobromae pat on banana fruits
Journal of Research in Forestry Wildlife and Environment, 2019Co-Authors: C Ekhuemelo, M.l. OwoichoAbstract:Banana is a popular food crop that provides income for many rural farmers and urban traders. Post - harvest rot of banana caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae limits banana availability due to reduced quality and deterioration during storage and sale. This study was conducted to determine the effect of garlic ( Allium sativum ) and ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) crude extracts at three concentrations of 10 %, 20 % and 30 % w/v on the management of Botryodiplodia theobromae in vivo. The study was a factorial experiment laid out in a Completely Randomized Design with three replicates. Data were recorded on the lesion growth, percentage weight loss, percentage lesion inhibition and the acceptability of treated banana ( Musa acuminata Colla) fruits by consumers. The result shows that the percentage weight loss of treated banana fruits was not significantly different ( p ˃ 0.05) across the treatments. The A. sativum extract at 30 % concentration had the highest percentage inhibition throughout the period of study. The lesion growth percentage inhibition trends showed that 30 % A. sativum > 30 % Z. officinale >20 % A. sativum >10 % A. sativum > 20 % Z. officinale >10 % Z. officinale > control. Banana fruits treated with 30 % w/v were more acceptable to the panellists and were comparable with the un-inoculated control. Keywords: Allium sativum , Banana, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Crude extract, Z. officinale
Syamsul Falah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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AKTIVITAS ANTIFUNGI EKSTRAK DAUN PICUNG TERHADAP CENDAWAN Botryodiplodia theobromae PENYEBAB MATI PUCUK BIBIT JABON MERAH Antifungal Activity of Picung Leaf Extracts Against Botryodiplodia theobromae A Dieback Fungus of Jabon Merah Seedling
2017Co-Authors: L M. Alfin Agushara Bena, Achmad, Syamsul FalahAbstract:Invasion of Botryodiplodia theobromae as a dieback fungus on jabon merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) seedlings is a crucial issues. This pathogenic fungus needs to be controlled precisely. Phytochemical compounds of plant material is one alternative fungicides. Crude extracts of picung (Pangium edule) leaf in water and methanol solvent known to have antifungal potential. However, its activity against B. theobromae need to be revealed. In vitro assay aimed to measuring antifungal activity of water and methanol extracts of picung leaf on controlling growth of B. theobromae pathogenic fungus. Hot water extraction and maceration in methanol was conducted to obtain crude extract materials. In-vitro antifungal assay of water and methanol extracts of picung leaf was conducted by food poisoning method on Potato Dextrose Agar media. The results showed that water and methanol extracts of pangi leaf be able to suppress the growth of B. theobromae on the first day of observation, with the highest antifungal index reached 100% at concentration of 25mg/mL and 50mg/mL, respectively. This indicates that water and methanol extracts of picung leaf have antifungal activity. Generally, there was a trend of decrease in antifungal index over time. Key words: antifungal activity, Botryodiplodia theobromae, jabon merah, picung
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KEEFEKTIFAN KITOSAN DALAM MENGENDALIKAN Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. PENYEBAB MATI PUCUK PADA BIBIT JABON (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq) Chitosan’s Effectiveness in Controlling Dieback by Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat on Jabon Seeding
2017Co-Authors: Desi Nurafida, Achmad, Syamsul FalahAbstract:Dieback disease by the fungus Botryodiplodia theobromae in Jabon seedlings (Anthocephalus cadamba) inhibits the regeneration of Jabon plant. Synthetic fungicides utilization to several problems such as residue on the environment and pathogen resistance. Chitosan is a potential natural compound used as an alternative to control plant disease.This research aims to examine the effectiveness of chitosan to control B. theobromae as causal agent of dieback on Jabon seedlings and to examine the effect of chitosan to control the viscosity of dieback disease on Jabon seedlings. The results showed that the chitosan solution can decrease the severity of disease in Jabon seedlings. However, it was different with the disease incidence rate parameter. Chitosan solution was not significantly affecting the disease because B. theobromae caused dieback symptoms on Jabon seedlings. The most effective treatment was chitosan solution with a concentration of 0.1% before inoculation with the severity of the disease by 25%. Chitosan solution viscosity was responsible in affecting the percentage of dieback disease in Jabon seeds. The higher the viscosity of chitosan, the higher the percentage of dieback disease attacks. The best viscosity to suppress the development of dieback disease on Jabon seedlings was 8.80 with 7.90% attack.Key words: Anthocephalus cadamba , Botryodiplodia theobromae, chitosan, dieback.
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Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Akar Mahoni terhadap Isolat Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. Penyebab Mati Pucuk pada Bibit Jabon (Antifungal Activity of Mahogany Root Extracts against Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. Isolate Causing Dieback on Jabon Seedlin
2015Co-Authors: Syamsul Falah, Achmad Achmad, Aji WinaraAbstract:Dieback on jabon ( Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq.) seedling caused by fungi Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. decreased seedling’s quality and nurseries economic benefits. The control of dieback pathogen on jabon seedling used biofungicide from plant extract have not been studied intensively nowadays. Mahogany ( Swietenia macrophylla King.) is one of the promising medicinal plants in Indonesia but its utilization as a biofungicide specially for controlling the dieback on jabon seedling has not been reported. This research aimed to examine the antifungal activities of mahogany root extracts against B.theobromae isolate causing dieback on jabon seedling in vitro. The poisoned food technique was used in assay of the antifungal activities of mahogany root extract. The result showed that mahogany root extract has antifungal activities against B.theobromae with the highest efective growth inhibition was the metanol solvent on 50% concentration level. Microscopical examination showed the inhibition of mycelium growth was caused by the changes on hyphae morphology and growth direction which were beads formation and curling. Keywords : antifungal, Botryodiplodia theobromae , jabon, mahogany root
K.s. Verma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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In vitro evaluation of fungitoxicants against Botryodiplodia theobromae isolates causing die-back of pear and mango
SKUAST Journal of Research, 2017Co-Authors: M. D. Shah, K.s. VermaAbstract:Three isolates of Botryodiplodia theobromae causing die-back of pear and mango as well as bark canker of pear were selected based on growth rate (fast and moderately growing) for in vitro evaluation of various systemic and contact fungicides. The results revealed that the Bavistin (carbendazim) followed by Folicur (tebuconazole) among systemic fungicides and Antracol (propineb) followed by Kavach (chlorothalonil) and Blitox (copper oxychloride) among non-systemic fungicides were found the most effective against all the three isolates of the pathogen. These isolates inhibited the mycelial growth significantly at lower concentrations as compared to other fungicides tested.
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Effect of temperature regimes on pycnidiospore germination of Botryodiplodia theobromae isolates, causing die-back and bark canker of pear in Punjab
Applied Biological Research, 2008Co-Authors: Mehraj-ul-din Shah, K.s. VermaAbstract:Thirteen isolates of Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. were collected from different pear varieties, grown in Punjab, and temperature optima for pycnidiospore germination of these isolates was assessed under in vitro conditions. Single celled pycnidiospores initiated germination after 8 hr incubation at 15°C. Bi-celled pycniospores of all the isolates were unable to germinate upto 12 hr incubation at 15°C, except B-ML which started germination after 8 hr incubation. Both single and bi-celled showed maximum germination after 24 hr incubation at 30°C.
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Severity and management of Die-back and bark canker (Botryodiplodia theobromae) of pear in Punjab
Journal of research, 2007Co-Authors: M. D. Shah, K.s. Verma, W S DhillonAbstract:Die-back and bark canker of pear caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae was investigated in Punjab during 2005 and, 2006. The intensity of die-back varied from 20.8 to 29.0 per cent where as the incidence of bark canker varied from 62.2 to 100.0 per cent on pear cultivars viz., Patharnakh, Baggugosha and Punjab Beauty in different pear growing areas of Punjab during 2005 and 2006. The average number of lesions and lesion size varied from 32.3 to 72.7 per tree and 17.5–39.1 x 3.7–16.5 cm, respectively. For the management of the disease, Neem oil based Bordeaux paint showed the highest wound healing (84.44 and 87.50%) followed by Linseed oil based Bordeaux paint (1:2:3) (81.25 and 79.49%) during 2005 and 2006, respectively. Neem oil and Linseed oil based Blitox paints (1:2) also showed better results in wound healing as compared to Bordeaux and Blitox pastes which were least effective. However, all the formulations were significantly effective as compared to untreated control.