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Etienne Thiry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bovine Herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious Bovine rhinotracheitis
Veterinary Research, 2007Co-Authors: Benoît Muylkens, Frédéric Schynts, Julien Thiry, Philippe Kirten, Etienne ThiryAbstract:Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), classified as an alphaHerpesvirus, is a major pathogen of cattle. Primary infection is accompanied by various clinical manifestations such as infec- tious Bovine rhinotracheitis, abortion, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, and systemic infection in neonates. When animals survive, a life-long latent infection is established in nervous sensory ganglia. Several reactivation stimuli can lead to viral re-excretion, which is responsible for the maintenance of BoHV-1 within a cattle herd. This paper focuses on an updated pathogenesis based on a molecular characterization of BoHV-1 and the description of the virus cycle. Special emphasis is accorded to the impact of the latency and reactivation cycle on the epidemiology and the control of BoHV-1. Several European countries have initiated BoHV-1 eradication schemes because of the significant losses incurred by disease and trading restrictions. The vaccines used against BoHV-1 are described in this context where the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals is of critical importance to achieve BoHV-1 eradication.
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Ruminant alphaHerpesviruses related to Bovine Herpesvirus 1
Veterinary research, 2006Co-Authors: Julien Thiry, Benoît Muylkens, Sacha Gogev, Alain Vanderplasschen, François Meurens, Véronique Keuser, Etienne ThiryAbstract:Herpesviruses have mainly co-evolved with their hosts for millions of years. Consequently, different related host species may have been infected by various genetically related Herpesviruses. Illustrating this concept, several ruminant alphaHerpesviruses have been shown to form a cluster of viruses closely related to Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1): namely Bovine Herpesvirus 5, bubaline Herpesvirus 1, caprine Herpesvirus 1, cervid Herpesviruses 1 and 2 and elk Herpesvirus 1. These viruses share common antigenic properties and the serological relationships between them can be considered as a threat to BoHV-1 eradication programmes. BoHV-1 is a Herpesvirus responsible for infectious Bovine rhinotracheitis, which is a disease of major economic concern. In this article, the genetic properties of these ruminant alphaHerpesviruses are reviewed on a comparative basis and the issue of interspecific recombination is assessed. The pathogenesis of these infections is described with emphasis on the host range and crossing of the host species barrier. Indeed, the non Bovine ruminant species susceptible to these ruminant alphaHerpesviruses may be potential BoHV-1 reservoirs. The differential diagnosis of these related infections is also discussed. In addition, available epidemiological data are used to assess the potential of cross-infection in ruminant populations. A better knowledge of these ruminant alphaHerpesvirus infections is essential to successfully control infectious Bovine rhinotracheitis.
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Recombination in the alphaHerpesvirus Bovine Herpesvirus 1.
Veterinary Microbiology, 2005Co-Authors: Etienne Thiry, Benoît Muylkens, Sacha Gogev, Alain Vanderplasschen, Julien Thiry, François Meurens, Frédéric SchyntsAbstract:Herpesviruses are DNA viruses characterized by a low rate of nucleotide substitution. Therefore, other mechanisms must be involved to their evolution, like recombination that can be seen as an essential evolutionary driving force of these viruses. Recombination contributes to the long-term evolution of alphaHerpesviruses. It acts also to continuously create new alphaHerpesvirus strains. We have used Bovine Herpesvirus 1 to investigate recombination both within DNA concatemers in infected cells and in vitro and in vivo at the end of the lytic cycle. The following results have been obtained: (i) intramolecular recombination occurs at the level of concatemers and gives rise to genomic segment inversions; (ii) intraspecific recombination occurs frequently both in vitro and in vivo; (iii) interspecific recombination is possible and requires two highly genetically related viruses; (iv) only simultaneous or closely separated infections lead to the production of recombinant viruses; (v) recombination between wild-type and glycoprotein defective vaccine virus can produce a glycoprotein defective virus keeping part of the virulence of parental wild-type virus. Recombination, by exchanging genomic segments, may modify the virulence of alphaHerpesviruses. It must be carefully assessed for the biosafety of antiviral therapy, alphaHerpesvirus-based vectors and live attenuated vaccines.
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superinfection prevents recombination of the alphaHerpesvirus Bovine Herpesvirus 1
Journal of Virology, 2004Co-Authors: François Meurens, Benoît Muylkens, Frédéric Schynts, Alain Vanderplasschen, Günther M. Keil, Pierre Gallego, Etienne ThiryAbstract:Homologous recombination between strains of the same alphaHerpesvirus species occurs frequently both in vitro and in vivo. This process has been described between strains of herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, pseudorabies virus, feline Herpesvirus 1, varicella-zoster virus, and Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). In vivo, the rise of recombinant viruses can be modulated by different factors, such as the dose of the inoculated viruses, the distance between inoculation sites, the time interval between inoculation of the first and the second virus, and the genes in which the mutations are located. The effect of the time interval between infections with two distinguishable BoHV-1 on recombination was studied in three ways: (i) recombination at the level of progeny viruses, (ii) interference induced by the first virus infection on β-galactosidase gene expression of a superinfecting virus, and (iii) recombination at the level of concatemeric DNA. A time interval of 2 to 8 h between two successive infections allows the establishment of a barrier, which reduces or prevents any successful superinfection needed to generate recombinant viruses. The dramatic effect of the time interval on the rise of recombinant viruses is particularly important for the risk assessment of recombination between glycoprotein E-negative marker vaccine and field strains that could threaten BoHV-1 control and eradication programs.
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Attachment but not penetration of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 is necessary to induce apoptosis in target cells.
Journal of virology, 1998Co-Authors: Emmanuel Hanon, Alain Vanderplasschen, Etienne Thiry, Gilles Meyer, Cécile Dessy-doizé, Paul-pierre PastoretAbstract:Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) induces apoptotic cell death in Bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and B-lymphoma cells. Using a BHV-1 glycoprotein H null mutant, we have demonstrated that although penetration of BHV-1 is not required, attachment of BHV-1 viral particles is essential for the induction of apoptosis.
Paul-pierre Pastoret - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Attachment but not penetration of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 is necessary to induce apoptosis in target cells.
Journal of virology, 1998Co-Authors: Emmanuel Hanon, Alain Vanderplasschen, Etienne Thiry, Gilles Meyer, Cécile Dessy-doizé, Paul-pierre PastoretAbstract:Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) induces apoptotic cell death in Bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and B-lymphoma cells. Using a BHV-1 glycoprotein H null mutant, we have demonstrated that although penetration of BHV-1 is not required, attachment of BHV-1 viral particles is essential for the induction of apoptosis.
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Structural and functional analysis of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 minor glycoproteins
Veterinary Microbiology, 1996Co-Authors: Eric Baranowski, Günther Keil, Japhet Lyaku, Frans A.m. R Rijsewijk, Jan T. Van Van Oirschot, Paul-pierre Pastoret, Etienne ThiryAbstract:This paper focuses on the structure and functions of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 minor glycoproteins gH, gE, gG and gp42. It reviews the progress which has been made in their identification and characterization, in the study of their temporal expression and processing in infected cells, and finally in the understanding of their biological activities. In addition, aspects discussed include a comparison with two other alphaHerpesviruses, namely herpes simplex virus and pseudorabies virus.
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Inactivated Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Induces Apoptotic Cell Death of Mitogen-Stimulated Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Journal of virology, 1996Co-Authors: Emmanuel Hanon, Alain Vanderplasschen, S. Lyaku, Günther M. Keil, Martine Denis, Paul-pierre PastoretAbstract:Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is able to inhibit the proliferation of Bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Here, we have demonstrated that live BHV-1 and, interestingly, inactivated BHV-1 can induce apoptosis of mitogen-stimulated Bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.
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Synthesis and processing of Bovine Herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein H
Virology, 1995Co-Authors: Eric Baranowski, Paul-pierre Pastoret, Jean Dubuisson, Sylvia Van Drunen Little-van Den Hurk, A. Lorne Babiuk, Alain Michel, Etienne ThiryAbstract:The translation product of the Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) gH gene was identified and characterized. Synthetic peptides were used to generate specific antisera and a glycoprotein of 108K was precipitated by one of the antisera. Cross-immunoprecipitations with monoclonal antibodies to BHV-1 glycoprotein gp108 and the anti-gH peptide antiserum demonstrated that gp108 is the translation product of the gH open reading frame. Glycoprotein gH synthesis and intracellular processing was analyzed in infected Madin-Darby Bovine kidney cells using anti-gp 108 monoclonal antibodies. Glycoprotein gH is expressed as a beta-gamma protein and could be detected by radioimmunoprecipitation as early as 2 hr postinfection. Cotranslational N-glycosylation of gH is essential for the recognition by monoclonal antibodies, suggesting that N-linked glycans are involved in protein folding or that they are targets for most of monoclonal antibodies used in this study.
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Restriction maps of the DNA of cervid Herpesvirus 1 and cervid Herpesvirus 2, two viruses related to Bovine Herpesvirus 1
Archives of Virology, 1993Co-Authors: Alain Vanderplasschen, Paul-pierre Pastoret, M Bublot, Etienne ThiryAbstract:Restriction maps of cervid Herpesviruses 1 and 2 which are antigenically related to Bovine Herpesvirus 1, were deduced from Southern blot hybridization withHin dIII restriction fragments of BHV-1 DNA as probes.
Alain Vanderplasschen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ruminant alphaHerpesviruses related to Bovine Herpesvirus 1
Veterinary research, 2006Co-Authors: Julien Thiry, Benoît Muylkens, Sacha Gogev, Alain Vanderplasschen, François Meurens, Véronique Keuser, Etienne ThiryAbstract:Herpesviruses have mainly co-evolved with their hosts for millions of years. Consequently, different related host species may have been infected by various genetically related Herpesviruses. Illustrating this concept, several ruminant alphaHerpesviruses have been shown to form a cluster of viruses closely related to Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1): namely Bovine Herpesvirus 5, bubaline Herpesvirus 1, caprine Herpesvirus 1, cervid Herpesviruses 1 and 2 and elk Herpesvirus 1. These viruses share common antigenic properties and the serological relationships between them can be considered as a threat to BoHV-1 eradication programmes. BoHV-1 is a Herpesvirus responsible for infectious Bovine rhinotracheitis, which is a disease of major economic concern. In this article, the genetic properties of these ruminant alphaHerpesviruses are reviewed on a comparative basis and the issue of interspecific recombination is assessed. The pathogenesis of these infections is described with emphasis on the host range and crossing of the host species barrier. Indeed, the non Bovine ruminant species susceptible to these ruminant alphaHerpesviruses may be potential BoHV-1 reservoirs. The differential diagnosis of these related infections is also discussed. In addition, available epidemiological data are used to assess the potential of cross-infection in ruminant populations. A better knowledge of these ruminant alphaHerpesvirus infections is essential to successfully control infectious Bovine rhinotracheitis.
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Recombination in the alphaHerpesvirus Bovine Herpesvirus 1.
Veterinary Microbiology, 2005Co-Authors: Etienne Thiry, Benoît Muylkens, Sacha Gogev, Alain Vanderplasschen, Julien Thiry, François Meurens, Frédéric SchyntsAbstract:Herpesviruses are DNA viruses characterized by a low rate of nucleotide substitution. Therefore, other mechanisms must be involved to their evolution, like recombination that can be seen as an essential evolutionary driving force of these viruses. Recombination contributes to the long-term evolution of alphaHerpesviruses. It acts also to continuously create new alphaHerpesvirus strains. We have used Bovine Herpesvirus 1 to investigate recombination both within DNA concatemers in infected cells and in vitro and in vivo at the end of the lytic cycle. The following results have been obtained: (i) intramolecular recombination occurs at the level of concatemers and gives rise to genomic segment inversions; (ii) intraspecific recombination occurs frequently both in vitro and in vivo; (iii) interspecific recombination is possible and requires two highly genetically related viruses; (iv) only simultaneous or closely separated infections lead to the production of recombinant viruses; (v) recombination between wild-type and glycoprotein defective vaccine virus can produce a glycoprotein defective virus keeping part of the virulence of parental wild-type virus. Recombination, by exchanging genomic segments, may modify the virulence of alphaHerpesviruses. It must be carefully assessed for the biosafety of antiviral therapy, alphaHerpesvirus-based vectors and live attenuated vaccines.
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superinfection prevents recombination of the alphaHerpesvirus Bovine Herpesvirus 1
Journal of Virology, 2004Co-Authors: François Meurens, Benoît Muylkens, Frédéric Schynts, Alain Vanderplasschen, Günther M. Keil, Pierre Gallego, Etienne ThiryAbstract:Homologous recombination between strains of the same alphaHerpesvirus species occurs frequently both in vitro and in vivo. This process has been described between strains of herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, pseudorabies virus, feline Herpesvirus 1, varicella-zoster virus, and Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). In vivo, the rise of recombinant viruses can be modulated by different factors, such as the dose of the inoculated viruses, the distance between inoculation sites, the time interval between inoculation of the first and the second virus, and the genes in which the mutations are located. The effect of the time interval between infections with two distinguishable BoHV-1 on recombination was studied in three ways: (i) recombination at the level of progeny viruses, (ii) interference induced by the first virus infection on β-galactosidase gene expression of a superinfecting virus, and (iii) recombination at the level of concatemeric DNA. A time interval of 2 to 8 h between two successive infections allows the establishment of a barrier, which reduces or prevents any successful superinfection needed to generate recombinant viruses. The dramatic effect of the time interval on the rise of recombinant viruses is particularly important for the risk assessment of recombination between glycoprotein E-negative marker vaccine and field strains that could threaten BoHV-1 control and eradication programs.
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Attachment but not penetration of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 is necessary to induce apoptosis in target cells.
Journal of virology, 1998Co-Authors: Emmanuel Hanon, Alain Vanderplasschen, Etienne Thiry, Gilles Meyer, Cécile Dessy-doizé, Paul-pierre PastoretAbstract:Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) induces apoptotic cell death in Bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and B-lymphoma cells. Using a BHV-1 glycoprotein H null mutant, we have demonstrated that although penetration of BHV-1 is not required, attachment of BHV-1 viral particles is essential for the induction of apoptosis.
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Inactivated Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Induces Apoptotic Cell Death of Mitogen-Stimulated Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Journal of virology, 1996Co-Authors: Emmanuel Hanon, Alain Vanderplasschen, S. Lyaku, Günther M. Keil, Martine Denis, Paul-pierre PastoretAbstract:Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is able to inhibit the proliferation of Bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Here, we have demonstrated that live BHV-1 and, interestingly, inactivated BHV-1 can induce apoptosis of mitogen-stimulated Bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.
Günther M. Keil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modified Bovine Herpesvirus 1 for protein secretion.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton N.J.), 2009Co-Authors: Günther M. KeilAbstract:The traditional way to utilize Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) and many other Herpesviruses as vectors for synthesis of heterologous proteins like reporter proteins, antigens, or immunomodulatory active molecules was (and still is) the expression of the protein of interest from an entire gene consisting of promoter, 5'- and 3'-noncoding regions, the open reading frame (ORF), and a signal sequence for polyadenylation. This approach is doubtlessly appropriate especially in cases when expression of large proteins or of proteins that do not enter the secretory pathway is envisaged. My laboratory has developed an alternative expression strategy for secreted proteins and peptides that uses the essential BHV-1 glycoprotein B (gB) as transporter for a cargo protein that is embedded in gB as a furin-excisable polypeptide that is released from the gB precursor molecule in the trans-Golgi network by the ubiquitously present endoprotease furin. The general applicability of this novel expression strategy is demonstrated by using GFP as reporter protein to monitor secretion. We hypothesize that also other secreted or membrane-bound (glyco)proteins can be engineered to function as transporters for oligopeptides and also more complex larger proteins.
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superinfection prevents recombination of the alphaHerpesvirus Bovine Herpesvirus 1
Journal of Virology, 2004Co-Authors: François Meurens, Benoît Muylkens, Frédéric Schynts, Alain Vanderplasschen, Günther M. Keil, Pierre Gallego, Etienne ThiryAbstract:Homologous recombination between strains of the same alphaHerpesvirus species occurs frequently both in vitro and in vivo. This process has been described between strains of herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, pseudorabies virus, feline Herpesvirus 1, varicella-zoster virus, and Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). In vivo, the rise of recombinant viruses can be modulated by different factors, such as the dose of the inoculated viruses, the distance between inoculation sites, the time interval between inoculation of the first and the second virus, and the genes in which the mutations are located. The effect of the time interval between infections with two distinguishable BoHV-1 on recombination was studied in three ways: (i) recombination at the level of progeny viruses, (ii) interference induced by the first virus infection on β-galactosidase gene expression of a superinfecting virus, and (iii) recombination at the level of concatemeric DNA. A time interval of 2 to 8 h between two successive infections allows the establishment of a barrier, which reduces or prevents any successful superinfection needed to generate recombinant viruses. The dramatic effect of the time interval on the rise of recombinant viruses is particularly important for the risk assessment of recombination between glycoprotein E-negative marker vaccine and field strains that could threaten BoHV-1 control and eradication programs.
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Inactivated Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Induces Apoptotic Cell Death of Mitogen-Stimulated Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Journal of virology, 1996Co-Authors: Emmanuel Hanon, Alain Vanderplasschen, S. Lyaku, Günther M. Keil, Martine Denis, Paul-pierre PastoretAbstract:Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is able to inhibit the proliferation of Bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Here, we have demonstrated that live BHV-1 and, interestingly, inactivated BHV-1 can induce apoptosis of mitogen-stimulated Bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.
Emmanuel Hanon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Attachment but not penetration of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 is necessary to induce apoptosis in target cells.
Journal of virology, 1998Co-Authors: Emmanuel Hanon, Alain Vanderplasschen, Etienne Thiry, Gilles Meyer, Cécile Dessy-doizé, Paul-pierre PastoretAbstract:Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) induces apoptotic cell death in Bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and B-lymphoma cells. Using a BHV-1 glycoprotein H null mutant, we have demonstrated that although penetration of BHV-1 is not required, attachment of BHV-1 viral particles is essential for the induction of apoptosis.
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Inactivated Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Induces Apoptotic Cell Death of Mitogen-Stimulated Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Journal of virology, 1996Co-Authors: Emmanuel Hanon, Alain Vanderplasschen, S. Lyaku, Günther M. Keil, Martine Denis, Paul-pierre PastoretAbstract:Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is able to inhibit the proliferation of Bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Here, we have demonstrated that live BHV-1 and, interestingly, inactivated BHV-1 can induce apoptosis of mitogen-stimulated Bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.