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Camille Chatelle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Brain Metabolism but not gray matter volume underlies the presence of language function in the minimally conscious state mcs mcs versus mcs neuroimaging differences
    Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 2020
    Co-Authors: Charlene Aubinet, Helena Cassol, Olivia Gosseries, Mohamed Ali Bahri, Stephen Karl Larroque, Steve Majerus, Charlotte Martial, Geraldine Martens, Manon Carriere, Camille Chatelle
    Abstract:

    Background. The minimally conscious state (MCS) is subcategorized into MCS- and MCS+, depending on the absence or presence, respectively, of high-level behavioral responses such as command-following. Objective. We aim to investigate the functional and structural neuroanatomy underlying the presence of these responses in MCS- and MCS+ patients. Methods. In this cross-sectional retrospective study, chronic MCS patients were diagnosed using repeated Coma Recovery Scale-Revised assessments. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography data were acquired on 57 patients (16 MCS-; 41 MCS+) and magnetic resonance imaging with voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed on 66 patients (17 MCS-; 49 MCS+). Brain glucose Metabolism and gray matter integrity were compared between patient groups and control groups. A metabolic functional connectivity analysis testing the hypothesis of preserved language network in MCS+ compared with MCS- was also done. Results. Patients in MCS+ presented higher Metabolism mainly in the left middle temporal cortex, known to be important for semantic processing, compared with the MCS- group. The left angular gyrus was also functionally disconnected from the left prefrontal cortex in MCS- compared with MCS+ group. No significant differences were found in gray matter volume between patient groups. Conclusions. The clinical subcategorization of MCS is supported by differences in Brain Metabolism but not in gray matter structure, suggesting that Brain function in the language network is the main support for recovery of command-following, intelligible verbalization and/or intentional communication in the MCS. Better characterizing the neural correlates of residual cognitive abilities of MCS patients contributes to reduce their misdiagnosis and to adapt therapeutic approaches.

Charlene Aubinet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Brain Metabolism but not gray matter volume underlies the presence of language function in the minimally conscious state mcs mcs versus mcs neuroimaging differences
    Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 2020
    Co-Authors: Charlene Aubinet, Helena Cassol, Olivia Gosseries, Mohamed Ali Bahri, Stephen Karl Larroque, Steve Majerus, Charlotte Martial, Geraldine Martens, Manon Carriere, Camille Chatelle
    Abstract:

    Background. The minimally conscious state (MCS) is subcategorized into MCS- and MCS+, depending on the absence or presence, respectively, of high-level behavioral responses such as command-following. Objective. We aim to investigate the functional and structural neuroanatomy underlying the presence of these responses in MCS- and MCS+ patients. Methods. In this cross-sectional retrospective study, chronic MCS patients were diagnosed using repeated Coma Recovery Scale-Revised assessments. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography data were acquired on 57 patients (16 MCS-; 41 MCS+) and magnetic resonance imaging with voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed on 66 patients (17 MCS-; 49 MCS+). Brain glucose Metabolism and gray matter integrity were compared between patient groups and control groups. A metabolic functional connectivity analysis testing the hypothesis of preserved language network in MCS+ compared with MCS- was also done. Results. Patients in MCS+ presented higher Metabolism mainly in the left middle temporal cortex, known to be important for semantic processing, compared with the MCS- group. The left angular gyrus was also functionally disconnected from the left prefrontal cortex in MCS- compared with MCS+ group. No significant differences were found in gray matter volume between patient groups. Conclusions. The clinical subcategorization of MCS is supported by differences in Brain Metabolism but not in gray matter structure, suggesting that Brain function in the language network is the main support for recovery of command-following, intelligible verbalization and/or intentional communication in the MCS. Better characterizing the neural correlates of residual cognitive abilities of MCS patients contributes to reduce their misdiagnosis and to adapt therapeutic approaches.

Chatelle Camille - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Brain Metabolism but not grey matter volume underlies the presence of language function in the minimally conscious state
    SAGE Science Press, 2020
    Co-Authors: Aubinet Charlène, Cassol Helena, Gosseries Olivia, Bahri, Mohamed Ali, Larroque, Stephen Karl, Majerus Steve, Martial Charlotte, Martens Géraldine, Carrière Manon, Chatelle Camille
    Abstract:

    peer reviewedBackground. The minimally conscious state (MCS) is subcategorized into MCS- and MCS+, depending on the absence or presence of high-level behavioral responses such as command following. Objective. We aim to investigate the functional and structural neuroanatomy underlying the presence of these responses in MCS- and MCS+ patients. Methods. In this cross-sectional retrospective study, chronic MCS patients were diagnosed using repeated Coma Recovery Scale-Revised assessments. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography data were acquired on 57 patients (16 MCS-; 41 MCS+) and magnetic resonance imaging with voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed on 66 patients (17 MCS-; 49 MCS+). Brain glucose Metabolism and grey matter integrity were compared between patient groups and control groups. A metabolic functional connectivity analysis testing the hypothesis of preserved language network in MCS+ compared to MCS- was also done. Results. Patients in MCS+ presented higher Metabolism mainly in the left middle temporal cortex, known to be important for semantic processing, compared to the MCS- group. The left angular gyrus was also functionally disconnected from the left prefrontal cortex in MCS- compared to MCS+. No significant differences were found in grey matter volume between patient groups. Conclusions. The clinical sub-categorization of MCS is supported by differences in Brain Metabolism but not in grey matter structure, suggesting that Brain function in the language network is the main support for recovery of command-following, intelligible verbalization and/or intentional communication in the MCS. Better characterizing the neural correlates of residual cognitive abilities of MCS patients contributes to reduce their misdiagnosis and to adapt therapeutic approaches

  • Brain Metabolism but Not Gray Matter Volume Underlies the Presence of Language Function in the Minimally Conscious State (MCS): MCS+ Versus MCS− Neuroimaging Differences
    'SAGE Publications', 2020
    Co-Authors: Aubinet Charlène, Cassol Helena, Gosseries Olivia, Bahri, Mohamed Ali, Larroque, Stephen Karl, Majerus Steve, Martial Charlotte, Martens Géraldine, Carrière Manon, Chatelle Camille
    Abstract:

    peer reviewedaudience: researcher, professional, studentBackground. The minimally conscious state (MCS) is subcategorized into MCS− and MCS+, depending on the absence or presence, respectively, of high-level behavioral responses such as command-following. Objective. We aim to investigate the functional and structural neuroanatomy underlying the presence of these responses in MCS− and MCS+ patients. Methods. In this cross-sectional retrospective study, chronic MCS patients were diagnosed using repeated Coma Recovery Scale–Revised assessments. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography data were acquired on 57 patients (16 MCS−; 41 MCS+) and magnetic resonance imaging with voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed on 66 patients (17 MCS−; 49 MCS+). Brain glucose Metabolism and gray matter integrity were compared between patient groups and control groups. A metabolic functional connectivity analysis testing the hypothesis of preserved language network in MCS+ compared with MCS− was also done. Results. Patients in MCS+ presented higher Metabolism mainly in the left middle temporal cortex, known to be important for semantic processing, compared with the MCS− group. The left angular gyrus was also functionally disconnected from the left prefrontal cortex in MCS− compared with MCS+ group. No significant differences were found in gray matter volume between patient groups. Conclusions. The clinical subcategorization of MCS is supported by differences in Brain Metabolism but not in gray matter structure, suggesting that Brain function in the language network is the main support for recovery of command-following, intelligible verbalization and/or intentional communication in the MCS. Better characterizing the neural correlates of residual cognitive abilities of MCS patients contributes to reduce their misdiagnosis and to adapt therapeutic approaches. © The Author(s) 2020

  • Neural correlates of (non-)behavioural signs of consciousness – what can we learn from resting state neuroimaging?
    'Wiley', 2020
    Co-Authors: Thibaut Aurore, Aubinet Charlène, Cassol Helena, Gosseries Olivia, Martial Charlotte, Chatelle Camille, Panda Rajanikant, Barra Alice, Sanz Leandro, Laureys Steven
    Abstract:

    Background and aims: Unresponsive patients at the bedside may present covert consciousness. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to determine Brain regions needed to demonstrate behavioural signs of consciousness. Methods: We looked at the 18fluorodesoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET-scan) of 96 patients with disorders of consciousness (see table 1). All patients were assessed 5 times with the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised. The diagnosis of MCS* was based on the FDG-PET relative preservation of global Brain Metabolism as assessed by 3 experts. We compared Brain Metabolism of patients in MCS* to UWS and MCS and performed seed-based connectivity analyses. MRI and EEG data were also analysed. Prognosis was collected using the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended. Results: Out of the 35 behavioural UWS, 22 presented a partial preservation of Brain Metabolism (i.e., patients in MCS*), specifically in the fronto-parietal networks (Fig 1 – left). Patients in MCS* had more hypoMetabolism in the right posterior regions (Fig 1 – right). We found a higher correlation between the right superior temporal gyrus (seed) and motor cortices, somato-sensory associative areas, prefrontal area, and the thalami in MCS compared to MCS*(Fig 2), as well as a higher connectivity (EEG) in the theta band in the left hemisphere. Finally, MCS* patients had a 50% chance to recover signs of consciousness (MCS) at follow-up, while no patient in UWS improved. Conclusion: Many patients clinically unresponsive may present covert consciousness. The integrity of the connectivity between the superior temporal gyrus and sensori-motor regions, prefrontal cortex and thalami is crucial to clinically demonstrate signs of consciousness.Peer reviewe

  • Nociception Coma Scale Revised allows to identify patients with preserved neural basis for pain experience.
    'Elsevier BV', 2019
    Co-Authors: Bonin Estelle, Cassol Helena, Martial Charlotte, Thibaut Aurore, Laureys Steven, Lejeune Nicolas, Antonopoulos Georgios, Wannez Sarah, Schnakers Caroline, Chatelle Camille
    Abstract:

    peer reviewedaudience: researcher, professional, studentThe Nociception Coma Scale-Revised (NCS-R) was developed to help assessing pain in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). Several studies have shown its sensitivity in assessing responses to acute noxious stimuli. However, they failed to determine a reliable cut-off score that could be used to infer pain processing in these patients. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to determine an NCS-R cut-off score supporting preserved neural basis for pain experience, based on Brain Metabolism as measured by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). We included patient with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) confirmed by the FDG-PET and looked at their highest NCS-R total scores. As the highest score was 4, we determined the cut-off of 5 and compared the Brain Metabolism of these patients with matched patients with DOC and an NCS-R cut-off score ≥ 5 (i.e., potential pain) and healthy subjects. We found a higher global cerebral Metabolism in healthy subjects compared with both patients’ groups and also in patients with potential pain compared with FDG-PET confirmed UWS. We observed a preserved Metabolism in the left insula and a preservation of the connectivity between the left insula and the medial frontal gyrus in patients with potential pain compared with FDG-PET confirmed UWS

Daniel H S Silverman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Brain Metabolism during a lower extremity voluntary movement task in children with spastic cerebral palsy
    Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2020
    Co-Authors: Eileen Fowler, William L Oppenheim, Marcia B Greenberg, Loretta A Staudt, Shantanu H Joshi, Daniel H S Silverman
    Abstract:

    Reduced selective voluntary motor control (SVMC) is a primary impairment due to corticospinal tract (CST) injury in spastic cerebral palsy (CP). There are few studies of Brain Metabolism in CP and none have examined Brain Metabolism during a motor task. Nine children with bilateral spastic CP [Age: 6-11 years, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) Levels II-V] completed this study. SVMC was evaluated using Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE) ranging from 0 (absent) to 10 (normal). Brain Metabolism was measured using positron emission tomography (PET) scanning in association with a selective ankle motor task. Whole Brain activation maps as well as ROI averaged metabolic activity were correlated with SCALE scores. The contralateral sensorimotor and superior parietal cortex were positively correlated with SCALE scores (p < 0.0005). In contrast, a negative correlation of metabolic activity with SCALE was found in the cerebellum (p < 0.0005). Subsequent ROI analysis showed that both ipsilateral and contralateral cerebellar Metabolism correlated with SCALE but the relationship for the ipsilateral cerebellum was stronger (R 2 = 0.80, p < 0.001 vs. R 2 = 0.46, p = 0.045). Decreased cortical and increased cerebellar activation in children with less SVMC may be related to task difficulty, activation of new motor learning paradigms in the cerebellum and potential engagement of alternative motor systems when CSTs are focally damaged. These results support SCALE as a clinical correlate of neurological impairment.

  • examining the impact of grape consumption on Brain Metabolism and cognitive function in patients with mild decline in cognition a double blinded placebo controlled pilot study
    Experimental Gerontology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jooyeon Lee, Nare Torosyan, Daniel H S Silverman
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Natural compounds in grapes such as resveratrol are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Some studies have shown a potential role for grapes or wine in slowing cognitive decline and other effects of aging. However, well-controlled experimental data obtained in human subjects are still in need of further development. Here we aimed to systematically assess effects of grapes on regional cerebral Metabolism. Methods Ten subjects with mild decline in cognition (mean, 72.2 ± 4.7 years; 50% female) were included in this analysis. Participants were randomized into an active grape formulation arm or a placebo arm which consumed a formulation free of polyphenols for six months. Cognitive performance was measured through neuropsychological assessments performed at baseline and 6 months after initiation of therapy. Changes in Brain Metabolism occurring with each therapy regimen were assessed by Brain PET scans with the radiotracer [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), obtained during initial evaluation and 6 months later. Standardized volumes of interest (sVOI) and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) methods were applied to FDG-PET scans to identify significant regional cerebral metabolic changes. Results In contrast to participants taking the active grape formulation, who displayed no significant decline in Metabolism, the placebo arm underwent significant metabolic decline in sVOI's of the right posterior cingulate cortex (p = 0.01), and left superior posterolateral temporal cortex (p = 0.04). SPM analyses also found significant declines in the placebo group, particularly in left prefrontal, cingulate, and left superior posterolateral temporal cortex (p  Conclusions The placebo arm had declines in regions of the Brain known to be significantly affected in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, while the active formulation group was spared such decline. This suggests a protective effect of grapes against early pathologic metabolic decline.

  • positron emission tomography in evaluation of dementia regional Brain Metabolism and long term outcome
    JAMA, 2001
    Co-Authors: Daniel H S Silverman, Gary W Small, Carol Y Chang, Michelle Kung A De Aburto, Wei Chen, Johannes Czernin, Stanley I Rapoport, Pietro Pietrini, Gene E Alexander, Mark B Schapiro
    Abstract:

    ContextDeficits in cerebral glucose utilization have been identified in patients with cognitive dysfunction attributed to various disease processes, but their prognostic and diagnostic value remains to be defined.ObjectiveTo assess the sensitivity and specificity with which cerebral metabolic patterns at a single point in time forecast subsequent documentation of progressive dementia.Design, Setting, and PatientsPositron emission tomography (PET) studies of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose in 146 patients undergoing evaluation for dementia with at least 2 years' follow-up for disease progression at the University of California, Los Angeles, from 1991 to 2000, and PET studies in 138 patients undergoing evaluation for dementia at an international consortium of facilities, with histopathological diagnoses an average of 2.9 years later, conducted from 1984 to 2000.Main Outcome MeasuresRegional distribution of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose in each patient, classified by criteria established a priori as positive or negative for presence of a progressive neurodegenerative disease in general and of Alzheimer disease (AD) specifically, compared with results of longitudinal or neuropathologic analyses.ResultsProgressive dementia was detected by PET with a sensitivity of 93% (191/206) and a specificity of 76% (59/78). Among patients with neuropathologically based diagnoses, PET identified patients with AD and patients with any neurodegenerative disease with a sensitivity of 94% and specificities of 73% and 78%, respectively. The negative likelihood ratio of experiencing a progressive vs nonprogressive course over the several years following a single negative Brain PET scan was 0.10 (95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.16), and the initial pattern of cerebral Metabolism was significantly associated with the subsequent course of progression overall (P<.001).ConclusionIn patients presenting with cognitive symptoms of dementia, regional Brain Metabolism was a sensitive indicator of AD and of neurodegenerative disease in general. A negative PET scan indicated that pathologic progression of cognitive impairment during the mean 3-year follow-up was unlikely to occur.

Eric Guedj - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Brain Metabolism and related connectivity in patients with acrophobia treated by virtual reality therapy an 18 f fdg pet pilot study sensitized by virtual exposure
    EJNMMI research, 2018
    Co-Authors: Antoine Verger, Eric Malbos, Emmanuelle Reynaud, Pierre Mallet, Daniel Mestre, Jean-marie Pergandi, Stephanie Khalfa, Eric Guedj
    Abstract:

    The aim of this pilot study is to investigate the impact of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) on Brain Metabolism and connectivity. Eighteen patients with acrophobia were assessed by an 18F-FDG PET scan sensitized by virtual exposure before treatment, and nine of them were assessed again after eight sessions of VRET. Statistical Parametric Mapping was used to study the correlations between Metabolism and pretherapeutic clinical scores and to compare Metabolism before and after VRET (p voxel < 0.005, corrected for cluster volume). Metabolic connectivity was evaluated through interregional correlation analysis. Before therapy, a positive correlation was found between scores on the behavioural avoidance test and left occipital Metabolism (BA17-18). After VRET, patients presented increased Metabolism in the left frontal superior gyri and the left precentral gyrus, which showed increased metabolic connectivity with bilateral occipital areas (BA17-18-19), concomitant with clinical recovery. This study highlights the exciting opportunity to use Brain PET imaging to investigate Metabolism during virtual exposure and reports the involvement of the visual-motor control system in the treatment of acrophobia by VRET.

  • Brain Metabolism and related connectivity in patients with acrophobia treated by virtual reality therapy: an 18F-FDG PET pilot study sensitized by virtual exposure
    SpringerOpen, 2018
    Co-Authors: Antoine Verger, Eric Malbos, Emmanuelle Reynaud, Pierre Mallet, Daniel Mestre, Jean-marie Pergandi, Stephanie Khalfa, Eric Guedj
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background The aim of this pilot study is to investigate the impact of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) on Brain Metabolism and connectivity. Eighteen patients with acrophobia were assessed by an 18F-FDG PET scan sensitized by virtual exposure before treatment, and nine of them were assessed again after eight sessions of VRET. Statistical Parametric Mapping was used to study the correlations between Metabolism and pretherapeutic clinical scores and to compare Metabolism before and after VRET (p voxel