The Experts below are selected from a list of 22968 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Malcolm Kohler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Metabolic effects of inhaled salbutamol determined by exhaled Breath Analysis.
Journal of breath research, 2017Co-Authors: Martin Thomas Gaugg, Renato Zenobi, Anna Engler, Malcolm Kohler, Yvonne Nussbaumer-ochsner, Lukas Bregy, Anna S. Stöberl, Thomas Gaisl, Tobias Bruderer, Pablo Martinezlozano SinuesAbstract:We explore whether real-time Breath Analysis by high resolution mass spectrometry is suitable to monitor changes at the metabolic level due to inhaling bronchodilator medication. We compared the Breath levels of metabolites in a group of patients (n = 50) at baseline and 10 and 30 min after inhalation of 200 μg salbutamol. The same procedure was performed with a group of controls (n = 48) inhaling a placebo spray. A total of 131 mass spectral features were significantly altered as a result of inhaling medication, but not after inhaling placebo. We found that homologous series of chemical classes correlated strongly with each other, strengthening the notion that certain biochemical processes can be monitored. For example, a series of fatty acids was found to be increased after salbutamol intake, suggesting lipolysis stimulation. Peaks corresponding to salbutamol, its main metabolite salbutamol-4-O-sulfate and formoterol were found to be generally increased in patients inhaling the drugs on an as-needed basis, as compared to non-medicated volunteers. Overall, these results suggest such real-time Breath Analysis is a useful tool for non-invasive therapeutic drug monitoring.
-
Exhaled Breath Analysis in obstructive sleep apnea
Expert review of respiratory medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Esther I. Schwarz, Anna Engler, Malcolm KohlerAbstract:ABSTRACTIntroduction: Breath Analysis is a novel application that can be used for non-invasive metabolic phenotyping and identification of disease specific Breath patterns. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent and has diverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences, many of them incompletely understood.Areas covered: This review systematically summarizes the current evidence from Breath metabolomics using immunoassays of Breath condensate, off-line mass spectrometry as well as real-time Analysis by electronic sensors and by untargeted mass spectrometry, and discusses the challenges and perspectives of Breath Analysis in OSA.Expert commentary: Analysis of exhaled Breath is an innovative approach that is likely to provide profound insights into the metabolomics of OSA and its consequences and might facilitate diagnosis and therapy monitoring.
-
Gauging circadian variation in ketamine metabolism by real-time Breath Analysis
Chemical communications (Cambridge England), 2017Co-Authors: Pablo Martinezlozano Sinues, Renato Zenobi, Malcolm Kohler, Steven A. Brown, Robert DallmannAbstract:The time-of-day of drug application is an important factor in maximizing efficacy and minimizing toxicity. Real-time in vivo mass spectrometric Breath Analysis of mice was deployed to investigate time-of-day variation in ketamine metabolism. Different production rates of ketamine metabolites, including the recently described anti-depressant hydroxynorketamine, were found in opposite circadian phases. Thus, Breath Analysis has potential as a rapid and 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) conforming screening method to estimate the time-dependence of drug metabolism.
Pablo Martinezlozano Sinues - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
real time Breath Analysis of exhaled compounds upon peppermint oil ingestion by secondary electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry technical aspects
Journal of Breath Research, 2020Co-Authors: Amanda Gisle, Kapil Dev Singh, Jakob Usema, Urs Frey, Renato Zenobi, Pablo Martinezlozano SinuesAbstract:Breath Analysis by secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) has potential for clinical diagnosis and drug monitoring. However, there is still a lack of benchmarking data that shows the capability of this technique and allows comparability with other Breath Analysis techniques. In this regard, the goal of this study was the identification of volatile compounds upon ingestion of a specific peppermint oil capsule to get benchmark data for real-time Breath Analysis with SESI-HRMS. This was done in the framework of a consortium set up by the International Association of Breath Research (IABR), aimed at comparing several analytical instruments for Breath Analysis. Breath temporal profiles of two subjects were analyzed with SESI-HRMS before and after ingestion of a peppermint oil capsule. The measurements were performed at two different locations using identical SESI-HRMS platforms to allow for comparability and benchmarking. Remarkably, along with the four major compounds (monoterpenes/cineole, menthone, menthofuran and menthol) reported by other members of the consortium, we detected 57 additional features significantly associated (ρ > 0.8) with the peppermint oil capsule, suggesting that this relatively simple intervention might trigger a more complex metabolic cascade than initially expected. This observation was made on both sites. Additional replicate experiments for one of the subjects suggested that a core of 35-40 unique molecules are consistently detected in exhaled Breath upon ingestion of the capsule. In addition, we illustrate the analytical capabilities of real-time SESI-HRMS/MS to assist in the identification of unknown compounds. The results outlined herein showcase the performance of SESI-HRMS and enable comparison with other Breath Analysis techniques. Along with that, they strengthen the potential of this analytical technique for non-invasive drug monitoring and clinical diagnostic purposes.
-
Metabolic effects of inhaled salbutamol determined by exhaled Breath Analysis.
Journal of breath research, 2017Co-Authors: Martin Thomas Gaugg, Renato Zenobi, Anna Engler, Malcolm Kohler, Yvonne Nussbaumer-ochsner, Lukas Bregy, Anna S. Stöberl, Thomas Gaisl, Tobias Bruderer, Pablo Martinezlozano SinuesAbstract:We explore whether real-time Breath Analysis by high resolution mass spectrometry is suitable to monitor changes at the metabolic level due to inhaling bronchodilator medication. We compared the Breath levels of metabolites in a group of patients (n = 50) at baseline and 10 and 30 min after inhalation of 200 μg salbutamol. The same procedure was performed with a group of controls (n = 48) inhaling a placebo spray. A total of 131 mass spectral features were significantly altered as a result of inhaling medication, but not after inhaling placebo. We found that homologous series of chemical classes correlated strongly with each other, strengthening the notion that certain biochemical processes can be monitored. For example, a series of fatty acids was found to be increased after salbutamol intake, suggesting lipolysis stimulation. Peaks corresponding to salbutamol, its main metabolite salbutamol-4-O-sulfate and formoterol were found to be generally increased in patients inhaling the drugs on an as-needed basis, as compared to non-medicated volunteers. Overall, these results suggest such real-time Breath Analysis is a useful tool for non-invasive therapeutic drug monitoring.
-
Gauging circadian variation in ketamine metabolism by real-time Breath Analysis
Chemical communications (Cambridge England), 2017Co-Authors: Pablo Martinezlozano Sinues, Renato Zenobi, Malcolm Kohler, Steven A. Brown, Robert DallmannAbstract:The time-of-day of drug application is an important factor in maximizing efficacy and minimizing toxicity. Real-time in vivo mass spectrometric Breath Analysis of mice was deployed to investigate time-of-day variation in ketamine metabolism. Different production rates of ketamine metabolites, including the recently described anti-depressant hydroxynorketamine, were found in opposite circadian phases. Thus, Breath Analysis has potential as a rapid and 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) conforming screening method to estimate the time-dependence of drug metabolism.
Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Exhaled Breath Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Review of the Literature.
Medicina (Kaunas Lithuania), 2019Co-Authors: Panaiotis Finamore, Simone Scarlata, Vittorio Cardaci, Raffaele Antonelli IncalziAbstract:Background and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) represents an independent risk factor for cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological events. Polysomnography is the gold-standard for the diagnosis, however is expensive and time-consuming and not suitable for widespread use. Breath Analysis is an innovative, non-invasive technique, able to provide clinically relevant information about OSAS. This systematic review was aimed to outline available evidence on the role of exhaled Breath Analysis in OSAS, taking into account the techniques’ level of adherence to the recently proposed technical standards. Materials and Methods: Articles reporting original data on exhaled Breath Analysis in OSAS were identified through a computerized and manual literature search and screened. Duplicate publications, case reports, case series, conference papers, expert opinions, comments, reviews and meta-Analysis were excluded. Results: Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) is higher in OSAS patients than controls, however its absolute value is within reported normal ranges. FeNO association with AHI is controversial, as well as its change after continuous positive airway pressure (C-PAP) therapy. Exhaled Breath condensate (EBC) is acid in OSAS, cytokines and oxidative stress markers are elevated, they positively correlate with AHI and normalize after treatment. The Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by spectrometry or electronic nose is able to discriminate OSAS from healthy controls. The main technical issues regards the dilution of EBC and the lack of external validation in VOCs studies. Conclusions: Exhaled Breath Analysis has a promising role in the understanding of mechanisms underpinning OSAS and has demonstrated a clinical relevance in identifying individuals affected by the disease, in assessing the response to treatment and, potentially, to monitor patient’s adherence to mechanical ventilation. Albeit the majority of the technical standards proposed by the ERS committee have been followed by existing papers, further work is needed to uniform the methodology.
-
Exhaled Breath Analysis by electronic nose in respiratory diseases
Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2015Co-Authors: Simone Scarlata, Claudio Pedone, Marco Santonico, Giorgio Pennazza, Raffaele Antonelli IncalziAbstract:Breath Analysis via electronic nose is a technique oriented around volatile organic compound (VOC) profiling in exhaled Breath for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. This approach, when supported by methodologies for VOC identification, has been often referred to as metabolomics or Breathomics. Although Breath Analysis may have a substantial impact on clinical practice, as it may allow early diagnosis and large-scale screening strategies while being noninvasive and inexpensive, some technical and methodological limitations must be solved, together with crucial interpretative issues. By integrating a review of the currently available literature with more speculative arguments about the potential interpretation and application of VOC Analysis, the authors aim to provide an overview of the main relevant aspects of this promising field of research.
-
Reproducibility data of Breath Analysis through a gas sensors array and comparison to spirometry in COPD patients
European Respiratory Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Simone Scarlata, Marco Santonico, Giorgio Pennazza, Domenica Chiurco, Arnaldo D'amico, Raffaele Antonelli IncalziAbstract:Background: There is insufficient information on reproducibility and intra observer variability of Breath Analysis, a technique proved to have classificatory and discriminative properties in respiratory diseases. Aim of this study is therefore to compare variance over time of Breath Analysis and global spirometry in elderly patients with COPD. Materials and methods: Data refer to the 9 COPD patients so far recruited. Patient underwent Breath Analysis and respiratory function study 3 times along a period of 3 weeks. The gas sensors array (based on 6 Quartz Microbalances (QMB) covered with different metalloporphyrins) used for this study was fabricated by Tor Vergata University, Rome. The reproducibility of sensors measurements and spirometry data were then compared. Results: Results are summarized in figure 1 with panels A, B and C respectively representing the frequency shifts registered by the six QMB sensors (A) and twelve parameters obtained by global spirometry (B and C). Variance, mean value, confidence interval and outliers of a set of data are graphically depicted. ![Figure][1] Figure 1 Conclusions: Spirometric values show a smaller variance respect to the QMB frequency shifts. However, the reproducibility of selected sensor data seems fair enough to allow follow up COPD patients. [1]: pending:yes
-
Exhaled Breath Analysis for the Monitoring of Elderly COPD Patients Health-state
2011Co-Authors: Giorgio Pennazza, Simone Scarlata, Marco Santonico, Domenica Chiurco, Arnaldo D'amico, Raffaele Antonelli IncalziAbstract:This pilot study assesses how effectively a gas sensors array can follow the evolution of elderly patients with COPD, the most common chronic respiratory disease. In particular, reproducibility of Breath Analysis (calculated for each subject along three weekly measurements) resulted comparable to spirometry, except for a larger spread for Breath Analysis, whose patterns was significantly correlated with other heath status parameters (such as eosinophiles and Barthel index).
David Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Mass spectrometry for real-time quantitative Breath Analysis.
Journal of breath research, 2014Co-Authors: David Smith, Patrik Španěl, Jens Herbig, Jonathan BeauchampAbstract:Breath Analysis research is being successfully pursued using a variety of analytical methods, prominent amongst which are gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, GC-MS, ion mobility spectrometry, IMS, and the fast flow and flow-drift tube techniques called selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS, and proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, PTR-MS. In this paper the case is made for real-time Breath Analysis by obviating sample collection into bags or onto traps that can suffer from partial degradation of Breath metabolites or the introduction of impurities. Real-time Analysis of a broad range of volatile chemical compounds can be best achieved using SIFT-MS and PTR-MS, which are sufficiently sensitive and rapid to allow the simultaneous analyses of several trace gas metabolites in single Breath exhalations. The basic principles and the ion chemistry that underpin these two analytical techniques are briefly described and the differences between them, including their respective strengths and weaknesses, are revealed, especially with reference to the Analysis of the complex matrix that is exhaled Breath. A recent innovation is described that combines time-of-flight mass spectrometry with the proton transfer flow-drift tube reactor, PTR-TOFMS, which provides greater resolution in the analytical mass spectrometer and allows separation of protonated isobaric molecules. Examples are presented of some recent data that well illustrate the quality and real-time feature of SIFT-MS and PTR-MS for the Analysis of exhaled Breath for physiological/biochemical/pharmacokinetics studies and for the identification and quantification of biomarkers relating to specific disease states.
-
The challenge of Breath Analysis for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring
The Analyst, 2007Co-Authors: David Smith, Patrik ŠpanělAbstract:The potential of Breath Analysis for clinical diagnosis and the strengths and weaknesses of the analytical methods used are discussed. Special attention is given to selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS, using which on-line real-time analyses of single Breath exhalations can be carried out. Illustrative data on the concentration distributions of several Breath metabolites amongst the healthy population are presented and their relations to disease when elevated above the normal are alluded to.
-
Breath Analysis: the approach towards clinical applications.
Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Anton Amann, Patrik Španĕl, David SmithAbstract:Exhaled Breath Analysis for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring is described with special reference to the techniques used and the underlying chemistry and physics involved. Brief outlines are given of the research carried out to date, and prospects for the future of this potentially valuable non-invasive technique are indicated.
Anna Engler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Metabolic effects of inhaled salbutamol determined by exhaled Breath Analysis.
Journal of breath research, 2017Co-Authors: Martin Thomas Gaugg, Renato Zenobi, Anna Engler, Malcolm Kohler, Yvonne Nussbaumer-ochsner, Lukas Bregy, Anna S. Stöberl, Thomas Gaisl, Tobias Bruderer, Pablo Martinezlozano SinuesAbstract:We explore whether real-time Breath Analysis by high resolution mass spectrometry is suitable to monitor changes at the metabolic level due to inhaling bronchodilator medication. We compared the Breath levels of metabolites in a group of patients (n = 50) at baseline and 10 and 30 min after inhalation of 200 μg salbutamol. The same procedure was performed with a group of controls (n = 48) inhaling a placebo spray. A total of 131 mass spectral features were significantly altered as a result of inhaling medication, but not after inhaling placebo. We found that homologous series of chemical classes correlated strongly with each other, strengthening the notion that certain biochemical processes can be monitored. For example, a series of fatty acids was found to be increased after salbutamol intake, suggesting lipolysis stimulation. Peaks corresponding to salbutamol, its main metabolite salbutamol-4-O-sulfate and formoterol were found to be generally increased in patients inhaling the drugs on an as-needed basis, as compared to non-medicated volunteers. Overall, these results suggest such real-time Breath Analysis is a useful tool for non-invasive therapeutic drug monitoring.
-
Exhaled Breath Analysis in obstructive sleep apnea
Expert review of respiratory medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Esther I. Schwarz, Anna Engler, Malcolm KohlerAbstract:ABSTRACTIntroduction: Breath Analysis is a novel application that can be used for non-invasive metabolic phenotyping and identification of disease specific Breath patterns. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent and has diverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences, many of them incompletely understood.Areas covered: This review systematically summarizes the current evidence from Breath metabolomics using immunoassays of Breath condensate, off-line mass spectrometry as well as real-time Analysis by electronic sensors and by untargeted mass spectrometry, and discusses the challenges and perspectives of Breath Analysis in OSA.Expert commentary: Analysis of exhaled Breath is an innovative approach that is likely to provide profound insights into the metabolomics of OSA and its consequences and might facilitate diagnosis and therapy monitoring.