The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jianxiong Hao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quantitative proteomics reveals the mechanism of slightly acidic electrolyzed water induced Buckwheat Sprouts growth and flavonoids enrichment
Food Research International, 2021Co-Authors: Huan Rao, Qingfa Wang, Xue Han, Jianxiong Hao, Dandan ZhaoAbstract:Previous work has demonstrated that slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) can promote growth and nutrient enrichment of Buckwheat Sprouts. In this study, iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of SAEW-induced Buckwheat Sprouts was conducted to explore its mechanism of action. The results showed that 11, 10 and 14 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) related to energy metabolism, oxidative stress and flavonoid biosynthesis accumulated upwards and downwards, respectively, in SAEW-treated Buckwheat. Bioinformatics analysis revealed 118 GO categories were in relation to molecular function. In the SAEW group, a total of 9 DEPs (5 up-regulated) were mapped to 10 significantly enriched KEGG pathways. SAEW induced flavonoid enrichment by modulating zymoproteins (e.g. phenylalanine ammonialyase and flavonol synthase) in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. qRT-PCR results had consistency with abundance levels of their corresponding proteins. These findings are likely to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the biochemical enrichment of Buckwheat Sprouts by SAEW.
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effect of ph and chlorine concentration of slightly acidic electrolyzed water on the Buckwheat Sprouts during germination
Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2019Co-Authors: Weibin Qiao, Qingfa Wang, Xue Han, Jianxiong HaoAbstract:Previous research found that slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) promoted the growth of Buckwheat Sprouts and the accumulation of bioactive γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), but mechanisms had not been reported. At present study, the effects of pH and available chlorine concentration (ACC) of SAEW on Buckwheat Sprouts were investigated. It showed that SAEW1 with moderate pH (5.71 ± 0.03) resulted in the highest accumulation of GABA ((113.5 mg/100 g) in comparison with SAEW 2 (pH 5.01 ± 0.05) and SAEW 3 (pH 6.41 ± 0.04) treatments. Moreover, the higher ACC of SAEW was, the more content of GABA it accumulated, which suggested that ACC played an important role during germination of Buckwheat. The above results were demonstrated by the investigation of glutamic acid decarboxylase activity during germination of Buckwheat. However, it showed that higher ACC of SAEW had adverse impact on the growth of Buckwheat Sprouts while pH of SAEW had no adverse impact on the growth of Buckwheat Sprouts. Generally, appropriate pH and ACC of SAEW should be considered in the application of the production of Buckwheat Sprouts. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: SAEW that had neutral pH (5.0–6.5) and lower ACC (10–30 mg/L) had been used in the production of Sprouts. SAEW could promote the dual accumulation of GABA and rutin in tartary Buckwheat Sprouts. Obtaining the specific parameters of SAEW would beneficial for the most accumulation of these functional components when it is used for Sprouts production.
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systematic application of slightly acidic electrolyzed water saew for natural microbial reduction of Buckwheat Sprouts
Lwt - Food Science and Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Qingfa Wang, Xue Han, Jianxiong Hao, Dandan Zhao, Duo LiangAbstract:Abstract The systematic application of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) for natural microbial reduction of Buckwheat Sprouts were investigated including seed-dipping, germination and Sprouts-washing in the present study. The results show that all the three SAEW treatments with similar pH value (approximately 6.0) used in the study resulted in the reduction of the natural moulds and yeasts and total bacteria counts in Buckwheat seeds and harvested Sprouts in spite of their different available chlorine concentration (ACC, approximately 10, 28 and 92 mg/L respectively), which was equivalent or high disinfectant efficacy for Buckwheat seeds and Sprouts compared to NaClO solutions and acidic electrolyzed water (AEW). Moreover, SAEW treatments could control the growth of natural microbial populations during germination and decrease the E. coli O78 and L. monocytogenes counts on 8-day-old Sprouts by 1.10–2.74 and 1.85–2.46 log10 CFU/g, respectively. However, too high ACC (91.96 mg/L) in SAEW had adverse effect on the Sprouts length. SAEW with appropriate ACC (10–28 mg/L) could be considered in the whole process of Sprouts industry because of its strong disinfection efficacy and less adverse effect on the Sprouts growth than NaClO solutions and AEW.
Beenhuang Chiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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improving the antioxidant activity of Buckwheat fagopyrum tataricm gaertn sprout with trace element water
Food Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Chengkuang Hsu, Yihshyuan Chen, Joanhwa Yang, Beenhuang Chiang, Chialing LiuAbstract:Abstract Trace element water (TEW) (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm) was used to grow Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricm Gaertn) to evaluate whether the beneficial effects of trace elements on the antioxidant activity could be accomplished with the supplement of TEW. At 300 ppm, TEW significantly increased the Cu, Zn and Fe contents in Buckwheat sprout, but not the Se and Mn contents. The levels of rutin, quercitrin and quercetin did not differ between Buckwheat Sprouts grown in TEW and de-ionized water (DIW). The ethanolic extract from Buckwheat sprout grown in 300 ppm TEW showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferrous ion chelating activity, superoxide anion scavenging activity and inhibitory activity toward lipid peroxidation than that grown in DIW. The extract of the TEW group also enhanced intracellular superoxide dismutase activity and resulted in lower level of reactive oxygen species in human Hep G2 cells.
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antioxidant activity of tartary fagopyrum tataricum l gaertn and common fagopyrum esculentum moench Buckwheat Sprouts
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Yihshyuan Chen, Joanhwa Yang, Beenhuang ChiangAbstract:This study compared the differences of two types of Buckwheat Sprouts, namely, common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.), in general composition, functional components, and antioxidant capacity. The ethanol extracts of tartary Buckwheat Sprouts (TBS) had higher reducing power, free radical scavenging activity, and superoxide anion scavenging activity than those of common Buckwheat Sprouts (CBS). As for chelating effects on ferrous ions, CBS had higher values than TBS. Rutin was the major flavonoid found in these two types of Buckwheat Sprouts, and TBS was 5 fold higher in rutin than CBS. The antioxidant effects of Buckwheat Sprouts on human hepatoma HepG2 cells revealed that both of TBS and CBS could decrease the production of intracellular peroxide and remove the intracellular superoxide anions in HepG2 cells, but TBS reduced the cellular oxidative stress more effectively than CBS, possibly because of its higher rutin (and quercetin) content.
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trace element water improves the antioxidant activity of Buckwheat fagopyrum esculentum moench Sprouts
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Chialing Liu, Yihshyuan Chen, Joanhwa Yang, Beenhuang Chiang, Chengkuang HsuAbstract:Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) was grown in trace element water (TEW) (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm) and deionized water (DIW) to evaluate whether the beneficial effects of trace elements on the antioxidant activity could be accomplished with the supplement of TEW. At 300 ppm, TEW significantly increased the Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe contents in Buckwheat sprout but not the Se content. However, the levels of rutin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin did not differ between Buckwheat Sprouts grown in TEW and DIW. The ethanolic extract from Buckwheat sprout grown in 300 ppm of TEW showed higher ferrous ion chelating activity and inhibitory activity toward lipid peroxidation than that grown in DIW. The extract in the TEW group also enhanced intracellular superoxide dismutase activity and lowered reactive oxygen species and superoxide anion in the human Hep G2 cell. It was concluded that TEW could increase the antioxidant activities of Buckwheat Sprouts.
Jeongho Lim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Buckwheat fagopyrum esculentum m sprout treated with methyl jasmonate meja improved anti adipogenic activity associated with the oxidative stress system in 3t3 l1 adipocytes
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2013Co-Authors: Youngjun Lee, Keejai Park, Jeongho Lim, Kuijin Kim, Bora Yoon, Okhwan LeeAbstract:Buckwheat Sprouts contain various bioactive compounds including rutin which have a number of biological activities. We have previously shown that Buckwheat Sprouts (TBWE) treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) significantly increased the amount of phenolics and the antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of TBWE on anti-adipogenesis and pro-oxidant enzyme in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We also evaluated the anti-oxidative activity of TBWE in adipocytes by using the nitroblue tetrazolium assay. Our data showed that TBWE markedly inhibited adipocyte differentiation and ROS production in 3T3-L1 cells compared with control groups. Moreover, TBWE has strongly shown the inhibition of adipogenic transcription factor as well as pro-oxidant enzymes. Together, we demonstrate that the MeJA treatment significantly increased the amount of phenolic compound, resulting in the suppression of adipogenesis and ROS production in the 3T3-L1 cells. These findings indicate that TBWE has the potential for anti-adipogenesis activity with anti-oxidative properties.
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Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) Improved Anti-Adipogenic Activity Associated with the Oxidative Stress System in
2013Co-Authors: T-l Adipocytes, Keejai Park, Jeongho Lim, Youngjun Lee, Kuijin Kim, Bora Yoon, Okhwan LeeAbstract:Abstract: Buckwheat Sprouts contain various bioactive compounds including rutin which have a number of biological activities. We have previously shown that Buckwheat Sprouts (TBWE) treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) significantly increased the amount of phenolics and the antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of TBWE on anti-adipogenesis and pro-oxidant enzyme in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We also evaluated the anti-oxidative activity of TBWE in adipocytes by using the nitroblue tetrazolium assay. Our data showed that TBWE markedly inhibited adipocyte differentiation and ROS production in 3T3-L1 cells compared with control groups. Moreover, TBWE has strongly shown the inhibition of adipogenic transcription factor as well as pro-oxidant enzymes. Together, we demonstrate that the MeJA treatment significantly increased the amount of phenolic compound, resulting in the suppression ofInt. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14 1429 adipogenesis and ROS production in the 3T3-L1 cells. These findings indicate that TBW
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effect of salinity stress on phenolic compounds and carotenoids in Buckwheat fagopyrum esculentum m sprout
Food Chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Jeongho Lim, Keejai Park, Bumkeun Kim, Jinwoong Jeong, Hyunjin KimAbstract:Abstract The effect of salinity stress on the nutritional quality of Buckwheat Sprouts cultivated for 1, 3, 5, and 7 d was investigated by analysis of the antioxidant activity and levels of phenolic compounds and carotenoids. Treatment with various concentrations of NaCl (10, 50, 100, and 200 mM) resulted in an increase in the amount of phenolic compounds and carotenoids in the Sprouts compared with the control (0 mM). The phenolic contents of Sprouts treated with 10, 50, and 100 mM after 7 d of cultivation were 57%, 121%, and 153%, respectively, higher than that of the control (0 mM NaCl). Moreover, the accumulation of phenolic compounds was primarily caused by an increase in the levels of 4 compounds: isoorientin, orientin, rutin, and vitexin. The carotenoid content of Sprouts treated with 50 and 100 mM NaCl was twice higher than that of the control. In addition, the antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of the Sprouts was increased by NaCl treatment. Although the growth rate of Sprouts decreased with >50 mM NaCl, these results suggest that treatment of an appropriate concentration of NaCl improves the nutritional quality of Sprouts, including the level of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and antioxidant activity.
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metabolomic analysis of phenolic compounds in Buckwheat fagopyrum esculentum m Sprouts treated with methyl jasmonate
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Hyunjin Kim, Keejai Park, Jeongho LimAbstract:The effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on phytochemical production in Buckwheat Sprouts cultivated under dark conditions (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 d) were investigated by metabolomic analysis, using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight (UPLC-Q-TOF) mass spectroscopy (MS) and partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). MeJA-treated and control groups showed no differences in growth but were clearly discriminated from each other on PLS-DA score plots. The metabolites contributing to the discrimination were assigned as chlorogenic acid, catechin, isoorientin, orientin, rutin, vitexin, and quercitrin, which have various health effects. Moreover, isoorientin, orientin, rutin, and vitexin were assigned as the main phytochemicals of Sprouts cultivated under dark conditions. The accumulation of these metabolites caused the phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity of the Sprouts to increase. Further, this study revealed that their accumulation resulted from the s...
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metabolomic analysis of phenolic compounds in Buckwheat fagopyrum esculentum m Sprouts treated with methyl jasmonate
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Hyunjin Kim, Keejai Park, Jeongho LimAbstract:The effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on phytochemical production in Buckwheat Sprouts cultivated under dark conditions (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 d) were investigated by metabolomic analysis, using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight (UPLC-Q-TOF) mass spectroscopy (MS) and partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). MeJA-treated and control groups showed no differences in growth but were clearly discriminated from each other on PLS-DA score plots. The metabolites contributing to the discrimination were assigned as chlorogenic acid, catechin, isoorientin, orientin, rutin, vitexin, and quercitrin, which have various health effects. Moreover, isoorientin, orientin, rutin, and vitexin were assigned as the main phytochemicals of Sprouts cultivated under dark conditions. The accumulation of these metabolites caused the phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity of the Sprouts to increase. Further, this study revealed that their accumulation resulted from the stimulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway by MeJA treatment. Therefore, these metabolites may be useful for better understanding the effects of MeJA on Buckwheat sprout phytochemicals and contribute to improving the functional quality of the Sprouts.
Kyung Bin Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimisation of the combined treatments of aqueous chlorine dioxide fumaric acid and ultraviolet c for improving the microbial quality and maintaining sensory quality of common Buckwheat sprout
International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Ho Hyun Chun, Kyung Bin SongAbstract:Summary The effects of the combined treatments with aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO2), fumaric acid and ultraviolet-C (UV-C) on the microbial quality of common Buckwheat Sprouts were examined using a response surface methodology. The populations of total aerobic bacteria, yeast and mould, and coliform decreased with increasing aqueous ClO2 and fumaric acid concentrations and increasing UV-C irradiation dose. However, the increase in the UV-C irradiation dose had a negative effect on the sensory quality. Therefore, the optimal combined treatment condition of 100 ppm aqueous ClO2, 0.31% fumaric acid and 1.9 kJ m−2 UV-C was selected for the Buckwheat Sprouts by providing reductions of 3.9, 1.8 and 2.4 log CFU g−1 on the populations of total aerobic bacteria, yeast and mould, and coliform, respectively. The combined treatment also maintained an acceptable sensory quality. These results suggest that the optimised combined treatment can be used as a microbial inactivation method for Buckwheat Sprouts.
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the combined effects of aqueous chlorine dioxide fumaric acid and ultraviolet c with modified atmosphere packaging enriched in co2 for inactivating preexisting microorganisms and escherichia coli o157 h7 and salmonella typhimurium inoculated on buckw
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Ho Hyun Chun, Kyung Bin SongAbstract:Abstract The combined effects of a sanitizer mixture, ultraviolet-C (UV-C), and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality of non-inoculated and inoculated ( Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium ) Buckwheat Sprouts were examined. Buckwheat Sprouts were treated with a sanitizer mixture (comprising 100 mg L −1 aqueous ClO 2 and 0.3% fumaric acid) and 2 kJ m −2 UV-C, packaged under two different conditions (air and CO 2 gas) and storage for 8 d at 4 °C. The combination of the sanitizer mixture and UV-C treatment reduced the initial counts of preexisting microorganisms in the Buckwheat Sprouts by 1.9 log CFU g −1 and reduced the initial inoculated counts of E . coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium on Buckwheat Sprouts by 3.0 and 2.3 log CFU g −1 , respectively. The preexisting microorganisms and inoculated pathogens in Buckwheat Sprouts packaged under CO 2 gas were significantly reduced during storage following the combined treatment compared to those of the control by above 95%. Differences in Hunter L * , a * , and b * values among the treatments were negligible. The combined sanitizer mixture and UV-C treatment increased the sprout rutin content by 147%, but there was no significant difference in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity between treatments during storage. Therefore, the combination of sanitizer mixture made from aqueous ClO 2 and fumaric acid, UV-C irradiation, and MAP can improve the microbial safety and quality of Buckwheat Sprouts.
Sang Un Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of cytokinins on growth and phenylpropanoid accumulation in Tartary Buckwheat Sprouts (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)
'TathQeef Scientific Publishing', 2021Co-Authors: Sathasivam Ramaraj, Kim, Min Cheol, Chung, Yong Suk, Sang Un ParkAbstract:This study analyzed the effect of plant hormones, zeatin, 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP), kinetin, and thidiazuron (TDZ) on the growth of Tartary Buckwheat Sprouts and analyzed the fresh weight, shoot and root length, and production of phenolic compounds. All the hormone-treated plants at the lowest concentration (0.1 mg/L) showed the highest levels of growth parameters (fresh weight, shoot, and root length) when compared to the control. Among the various hormones treatment, the plant treated with 1 mg/L of BAP, kinetin, and zeatin showed the highest total phenolic level, whereas the TDZ showed the highest accumulation of total phenolic at the lowest concentration (0.1 mg/L). A total of 6 compounds were identified (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, and trans-cinnamic acid) were quantified by high liquid performance chromatography (HPLC) after treatment of plant with different concentrations of hormones. Among these individual phenolic compounds, at the higher hormonal concentration (1 mg/L) the rutin showed the highest accumulation in BAP, zeatin, and kinetin treated sprout, whereas in the TDZ treated sprout the rutin content was highest at the lowest concentration (0.1 mg/L). From these results, it is suggested that BAP, zeatin, and kinetin at the lowest concentrations might positively enhance the growth of Buckwheat Sprouts, whereas at the highest hormonal treatment the accumulation of the phenolic compounds was higher. However, in TDZ treatment the growth and phenolic compound accumulation were highest at the lowest concentration. From these results, it is showed that suitable concentrations might enhance the growth and phenolic compound accumulation in Tatary Buckwheat sprout
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influence of indole 3 acetic acid and gibberellic acid on phenylpropanoid accumulation in common Buckwheat fagopyrum esculentum moench Sprouts
Molecules, 2017Co-Authors: Chang Ha Park, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Naif Abdullah Aldhabi, Hyeon Ji Yeo, Yun Ji Park, Abubaker M A Morgan, Sang Un ParkAbstract:We investigated the effects of natural plant hormones, indole-3-acetic (IAA) acid and gibberellic acid (GA), on the growth parameters and production of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in common Buckwheat Sprouts. A total of 17 phenolic compounds were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Among these, seven compounds (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, rutin, and quercetin) were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after treating the common Buckwheat Sprouts with different concentrations of the hormones IAA and GA. At a concentration of 0.5 mg/L, both IAA and GA exhibited the highest levels of growth parameters (shoot length, root length, and fresh weight). The HPLC analysis showed that the treatment of Sprouts with IAA at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mg/L produced higher or comparable levels of the total phenolic compounds than the control sprout and enhanced the production of rutin. Similarly, the supplementation with 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L GA increased the content of rutin in Buckwheat Sprouts. Our results suggested that the treatment with optimal concentrations of IAA and GA enhanced the growth parameters and accumulation of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in Buckwheat Sprouts.
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phenylalanine and led lights enhance phenolic compound production in tartary Buckwheat Sprouts
Food Chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Jeong Min Seo, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Yeon Bok Kim, Sang Un Park, Sunju KimAbstract:The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) concentrations and various light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the accumulation of phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, vitexin, rutin, quercetin, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside) in Tartary Buckwheat Sprouts. We found that 5mM was the optimum l-Phe concentration for the synthesis of total and individual phenolic compounds. The highest rutin (53.09 mg/g DW) and chlorogenic acid (5.62 mg/g DW) content was observed with Red+Blue and white lights. Comprehensive differences in total and individual anthocyanin content were observed between different lights; however, the total anthocyanin content (9.12 mg/g DW) was 1.5-fold higher in blue light. The expression levels of regulatory genes, such as FtDFR and FtANS, were 7.1-fold higher with l-Phe treatment. Gene expression results showed that the phenolic compounds in Tartary Buckwheat Sprouts increased with the use of l-Phe and LED lights.
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effects of light emitting diodes on expression of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes and accumulation of phenylpropanoids in fagopyrum tataricum Sprouts
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Aye Aye Thwe, Yeon Bok Kim, Jeong Min Seo, Sunju Kim, Tastsuro Suzuki, Sunok Chung, Sang Un ParkAbstract:Buckwheat Sprouts are a popular food item in many countries. The effects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on sprout growth and development, changes in mRNA transcription, and accumulation of phenylpropanoid compounds were studied in tartary Buckwheat 'Hokkai T8' Sprouts. The highest transcript levels were observed after 2 days of LED exposure for all genes, especially FtPAL and FtF3'H, which showed higher expression in Sprouts grown under blue and white light than in those grown under red light. Catechin content in Sprouts grown under red light increased dramatically throughout the 10 day time course. Maximum rutin content (43.37 mg/g dry weight (DW)) was observed in Sprouts at 4 days after exposure (DAE) to blue light. Similarly, the highest cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside content (0.85 mg/g DW) was detected at 10 DAE to blue light. On the basis of these results, blue LED light is recommended as a light source for enhancing the content of phenolic compounds in tartary Buckwheat Sprouts.
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effects of white blue and red light emitting diodes on carotenoid biosynthetic gene expression levels and carotenoid accumulation in Sprouts of tartary Buckwheat fagopyrum tataricum gaertn
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Pham Anh Tuan, Aye Aye Thwe, Yeon Bok Kim, Sunju Kim, Sunok Chung, Jae Kwang Kim, Sang Hyun Lee, Sang Un ParkAbstract:In this study, the optimum wavelengths of light required for carotenoid biosynthesis were determined by investigating the expression levels of carotenoid biosynthetic genes and carotenoid accumulation in Sprouts of tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) exposed to white, blue, and red light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Most carotenoid biosynthetic genes showed higher expression in Sprouts irradiated with white light at 8 days after sowing than in those irradiated with blue and red lights. The dominant carotenoids in tartary Buckwheat Sprouts were lutein and β-carotene. The richest accumulation of total carotenoids was observed in Sprouts grown under white light (1282.63 μg g(-1) dry weight), which was relatively higher than that in Sprouts grown under blue and red lights (940.86 and 985.54 μg g(-1), respectively). This study might establish an effective strategy for maximizing the production of carotenoids and other important secondary metabolites in tartary Buckwheat Sprouts by using LED technology.
