The Experts below are selected from a list of 269616 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Brent Stephens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microbiology of the Built Environment
Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Jack A. Gilbert, Brent StephensAbstract:The Built Environment comprises all structures Built by humans, including our homes, workplaces, schools and vehicles. As in any ecosystem on Earth, microorganisms have been found in every part of the Built Environment that has been studied. They exist in the air, on surfaces and on building materials, usually dispersed by humans, animals and outdoor sources. Those microbial communities and their metabolites have been implied to cause (or exacerbate) and prevent (or mitigate) human disease. In this Review, we outline the history of the field of microbiology of the Built Environment and discuss recent insights that have been gained into microbial ecology, adaptation and evolution of this ecosystem. Finally, we consider the implications of this research, specifically, how it is changing the types of materials we use in buildings and how our Built Environments affect human health.In this Review, Gilbert and Stephens outline the history of the field of microbiology of the Built Environment and discuss insights into microbial ecology, adaptation and evolution. They consider the implications of this research, specifically, how it is changing the types of materials we use in buildings and how our Built Environments affect human health.
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Microbiology of the Built Environment
Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Jack A. Gilbert, Brent StephensAbstract:The Built Environment comprises all structures Built by humans, including our homes, workplaces, schools and vehicles. As in any ecosystem on Earth, microorganisms have been found in every part of the Built Environment that has been studied. They exist in the air, on surfaces and on building materials, usually dispersed by humans, animals and outdoor sources. Those microbial communities and their metabolites have been implied to cause (or exacerbate) and prevent (or mitigate) human disease. In this Review, we outline the history of the field of microbiology of the Built Environment and discuss recent insights that have been gained into microbial ecology, adaptation and evolution of this ecosystem. Finally, we consider the implications of this research, specifically, how it is changing the types of materials we use in buildings and how our Built Environments affect human health.In this Review, Gilbert and Stephens outline the history of the field of microbiology of the Built Environment and discuss insights into microbial ecology, adaptation and evolution. They consider the implications of this research, specifically, how it is changing the types of materials we use in buildings and how our Built Environments affect human health.
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Microbiology of the Built Environment
Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Jack A. Gilbert, Brent StephensAbstract:The Built Environment comprises all structures Built by humans, including our homes, workplaces, schools and vehicles. As in any ecosystem on Earth, microorganisms have been found in every part of the Built Environment that has been studied. They exist in the air, on surfaces and on building materials, usually dispersed by humans, animals and outdoor sources. Those microbial communities and their metabolites have been implied to cause (or exacerbate) and prevent (or mitigate) human disease. In this Review, we outline the history of the field of microbiology of the Built Environment and discuss recent insights that have been gained into microbial ecology, adaptation and evolution of this ecosystem. Finally, we consider the implications of this research, specifically, how it is changing the types of materials we use in buildings and how our Built Environments affect human health.
David Vlahov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Built Environment and alcohol consumption in urban neighborhoods.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2007Co-Authors: Kyle T Bernstein, Sandro Galea, Jennifer Ahern, Melissa Tracy, David VlahovAbstract:Objectives: To examine the relations between characteristics of the neighborhood Built Environment and recent alcohol use. Methods: We recruited participants through a random digit dial telephone survey of New York City (NYC) residents. Alcohol consumption was assessed using a structured interview. All respondents were assigned to neighborhood of residence. Data on the internal and external Built Environment in 59 NYC neighborhoods were collected from archival sources. Multilevel models were used to assess the adjusted relations between features of the Built Environment and alcohol use. Results: Of the 1355 respondents, 40% reported any alcohol consumption in the past 30 days, and 3% reported more than five drinks in one sitting (heavy drinking) in the past 30 days. Few characteristics of the Built Environment were associated with any alcohol use in the past 30 days. However, several features of the internal and external Built Environment were associated with recent heavy drinking. After adjustment, persons living in neighborhoods characterized by poorer features of the Built Environment were up to 150% more likely to report heavy drinking in the last 30 days compared to persons living in neighborhoods characterized by a better Built Environment. Conclusions: Quality of the neighborhood Built Environment may be associated with heavy alcohol consumption in urban populations, independent of individual characteristics. The role of the residential Environment as a determinant of alcohol abuse warrants further examination. © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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The Built Environment and alcohol consumption in urban neighborhoods.
Drug and alcohol dependence, 2007Co-Authors: Kyle T Bernstein, Sandro Galea, Jennifer Ahern, Melissa Tracy, David VlahovAbstract:To examine the relations between characteristics of the neighborhood Built Environment and recent alcohol use. We recruited participants through a random digit dial telephone survey of New York City (NYC) residents. Alcohol consumption was assessed using a structured interview. All respondents were assigned to neighborhood of residence. Data on the internal and external Built Environment in 59 NYC neighborhoods were collected from archival sources. Multilevel models were used to assess the adjusted relations between features of the Built Environment and alcohol use. Of the 1355 respondents, 40% reported any alcohol consumption in the past 30 days, and 3% reported more than five drinks in one sitting (heavy drinking) in the past 30 days. Few characteristics of the Built Environment were associated with any alcohol use in the past 30 days. However, several features of the internal and external Built Environment were associated with recent heavy drinking. After adjustment, persons living in neighborhoods characterized by poorer features of the Built Environment were up to 150% more likely to report heavy drinking in the last 30 days compared to persons living in neighborhoods characterized by a better Built Environment. Quality of the neighborhood Built Environment may be associated with heavy alcohol consumption in urban populations, independent of individual characteristics. The role of the residential Environment as a determinant of alcohol abuse warrants further examination.
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urban Built Environment and depression a multilevel analysis
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2005Co-Authors: Sandro Galea, Jennifer Ahern, Sasha Rudenstine, Zachary S Wallace, David VlahovAbstract:Study objective: To assess the relations between characteristics of the neighbourhood internal and external Built Environment and past six month and lifetime depression. Design and setting: Depression and sociodemographic information were assessed in a cross sectional survey of residents of New York City (NYC). All respondents were geocoded to neighbourhood of residence. Data on the quality of the Built Environment in 59 NYC neighbourhoods were collected from the United Status census, the New York City housing and vacancy survey, and the fiscal 2002 New York City mayor’s management report. Main results: Among 1355 respondents, residence in neighbourhoods characterised by a poor quality Built Environment was associated with greater individual likelihood of past six month and lifetime depression in multilevel models adjusting for individual age, race/ethnicity, sex, and income and for neighbourhood level income. In adjusted models, persons living in neighbourhoods characterised by poorer features of the Built Environment were 29%–58% more likely to report past six month depression and 36%–64% more likely to report lifetime depression than respondents living in neighbourhoods characterised by better features of the Built Environment. Conclusions: Living in neighbourhoods characterised by a poor quality Built Environment is associated with a greater likelihood of depression. Future prospective work designed to assess potential mechanisms underlying these associations may guide public health and urban planning efforts aimed at improving population mental health.
Jack A. Gilbert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microbiology of the Built Environment
Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Jack A. Gilbert, Brent StephensAbstract:The Built Environment comprises all structures Built by humans, including our homes, workplaces, schools and vehicles. As in any ecosystem on Earth, microorganisms have been found in every part of the Built Environment that has been studied. They exist in the air, on surfaces and on building materials, usually dispersed by humans, animals and outdoor sources. Those microbial communities and their metabolites have been implied to cause (or exacerbate) and prevent (or mitigate) human disease. In this Review, we outline the history of the field of microbiology of the Built Environment and discuss recent insights that have been gained into microbial ecology, adaptation and evolution of this ecosystem. Finally, we consider the implications of this research, specifically, how it is changing the types of materials we use in buildings and how our Built Environments affect human health.In this Review, Gilbert and Stephens outline the history of the field of microbiology of the Built Environment and discuss insights into microbial ecology, adaptation and evolution. They consider the implications of this research, specifically, how it is changing the types of materials we use in buildings and how our Built Environments affect human health.
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Microbiology of the Built Environment
Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Jack A. Gilbert, Brent StephensAbstract:The Built Environment comprises all structures Built by humans, including our homes, workplaces, schools and vehicles. As in any ecosystem on Earth, microorganisms have been found in every part of the Built Environment that has been studied. They exist in the air, on surfaces and on building materials, usually dispersed by humans, animals and outdoor sources. Those microbial communities and their metabolites have been implied to cause (or exacerbate) and prevent (or mitigate) human disease. In this Review, we outline the history of the field of microbiology of the Built Environment and discuss recent insights that have been gained into microbial ecology, adaptation and evolution of this ecosystem. Finally, we consider the implications of this research, specifically, how it is changing the types of materials we use in buildings and how our Built Environments affect human health.In this Review, Gilbert and Stephens outline the history of the field of microbiology of the Built Environment and discuss insights into microbial ecology, adaptation and evolution. They consider the implications of this research, specifically, how it is changing the types of materials we use in buildings and how our Built Environments affect human health.
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Microbiology of the Built Environment
Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Jack A. Gilbert, Brent StephensAbstract:The Built Environment comprises all structures Built by humans, including our homes, workplaces, schools and vehicles. As in any ecosystem on Earth, microorganisms have been found in every part of the Built Environment that has been studied. They exist in the air, on surfaces and on building materials, usually dispersed by humans, animals and outdoor sources. Those microbial communities and their metabolites have been implied to cause (or exacerbate) and prevent (or mitigate) human disease. In this Review, we outline the history of the field of microbiology of the Built Environment and discuss recent insights that have been gained into microbial ecology, adaptation and evolution of this ecosystem. Finally, we consider the implications of this research, specifically, how it is changing the types of materials we use in buildings and how our Built Environments affect human health.
Linsey C. Marr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Viruses in the Built Environment (VIBE) meeting report
Microbiome, 2020Co-Authors: Aaron J. Prussin, Jessica A. Belser, Werner Bischoff, Scott T. Kelley, William G. Lindsley, Jean Pierre Nshimyimana, Michael Schuit, Zhenyu Wu, Kyle Bibby, Linsey C. MarrAbstract:Background During a period of rapid growth in our understanding of the microbiology of the Built Environment in recent years, the majority of research has focused on bacteria and fungi. Viruses, while probably as numerous, have received less attention. In response, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation supported a workshop entitled “Viruses in the Built Environment (VIBE),” at which experts in Environmental engineering, Environmental microbiology, epidemiology, infection prevention, fluid dynamics, occupational health, metagenomics, and virology convened to synthesize recent advances and identify key research questions and knowledge gaps regarding viruses in the Built Environment. Results Four primary research areas and funding priorities were identified. First, a better understanding of viral communities in the Built Environment is needed, specifically which viruses are present and their sources, spatial and temporal dynamics, and interactions with bacteria. Second, more information is needed about viruses and health, including viral transmission in the Built Environment, the relationship between virus detection and exposure, and the definition of a healthy virome. The third research priority is to identify and evaluate interventions for controlling viruses and the virome in the Built Environment. This encompasses interactions among viruses, buildings, and occupants. Finally, to overcome the challenge of working with viruses, workshop participants emphasized that improved sampling methods, laboratory techniques, and bioinformatics approaches are needed to advance understanding of viruses in the Built Environment. Conclusions We hope that identifying these key questions and knowledge gaps will engage other investigators and funding agencies to spur future research on the highly interdisciplinary topic of viruses in the Built Environment. There are numerous opportunities to advance knowledge, as many topics remain underexplored compared to our understanding of bacteria and fungi. Video abstract.
Susan L Handy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Built Environment correlates of walking a review
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2008Co-Authors: Brian E Saelens, Susan L HandyAbstract:INTRODUCTION: The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in empirical investigation into the relations between Built Environment and physical activity. To create places that facilitate and encourage walking, practitioners need an understanding of the specific characteristics of the Built Environment that correlate most strongly with walking. This article reviews evidence on the Built Environment correlates with walking. METHOD: Included in this review were 13 reviews published between 2002 and 2006 and 29 original studies published in 2005 and up through May 2006. Results were summarized based on specific characteristics of the Built Environment and transportation walking versus recreational walking. RESULTS: Previous reviews and newer studies document consistent positive relations between walking for transportation and density, distance to nonresidential destinations, and land use mix; findings for route/network connectivity, parks and open space, and personal safety are more equivocal. Results regarding recreational walking were less clear. CONCLUSIONS: More recent evidence supports the conclusions of prior reviews, and new studies address some of the limitations of earlier studies. Although prospective studies are needed, evidence on correlates appears sufficient to support policy changes. Language: en
