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Teresa Norat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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body mass index abdominal fatness weight gain and the risk of urinary incontinence a systematic review and dose response meta analysis of Prospective Studies
British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2019Co-Authors: Dagfinn Aune, Teresa Norat, Elio Riboli, Yahya MahamatsalehAbstract:BACKGROUND: Adiposity has been associated with elevated risk of urinary incontinence in epidemiological Studies; however, the strength of the association has differed between Studies. OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematic literature review and dose-response meta-analysis of Prospective Studies on adiposity and risk of urinary incontinence. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched PubMed and Embase databases up to 19 July 2017. SELECTION CRITERIA: Prospective cohort Studies were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked for accuracy by a second reviewer. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects models. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-four Prospective Studies were included. The summary RR per 5 kg/m2 increment in body mass index (BMI) was 1.20 (95% CI 1.16-1.25, I2 = 62%, n = 11) for population-based Studies and 1.19 (95% CI 1.08-1.30, I2 = 87.1%, n = 8) for pregnancy-based Studies, 1.18 (95% CI 1.14-1.22, I2 = 0%, n = 2) per 10 cm increase in waist circumference and 1.34 (95% CI 1.11-1.62, I2 = 90%, n = 2) per 10 kg of weight gain. Although the test for nonlinearity was significant for BMI, P = 0.04, the association was approximately linear. For subtypes of urinary incontinence the summary RR per 5 BMI units was 1.45 (95% CI 1.25-1.68, I2 = 85%, n = 3) for frequent incontinence, 1.52 (95% CI 1.37-1.68, I2 = 34%, n = 4) for severe incontinence, 1.33 (95% CI 1.26-1.41, I2 = 0%, n = 8) for stress incontinence, 1.26 (95% CI 1.14-1.40, I2 = 70%, n = 7) for urge incontinence, and 1.52 (95% CI 1.36-1.69, I2 = 0%, n = 3) for mixed incontinence. CONCLUSION: These results suggest excess weight may increase risk of urinary incontinence. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Overweight and obesity increase the risk of urinary incontinence.
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consumption of red and processed meat and breast cancer incidence a systematic review and meta analysis of Prospective Studies
International Journal of Cancer, 2018Co-Authors: Maryam S Farvid, Teresa Norat, Alicja Wolk, Mariana C Stern, Shizuka Sasazuki, Paolo Vineis, Matty P Weijenberg, Bernard W Stewart, Eunyoung ChoAbstract:Prior Studies on red and processed meat consumption with breast cancer risk have generated inconsistent results. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of Prospective Studies to summarize the evidence regarding the relation of red meat and processed meat consumption with breast cancer incidence. We searched in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through January 2018 for Prospective Studies that reported the association between red meat and processed meat consumption with incident breast cancer. The multivariable-adjusted relative risk (RR) was combined comparing the highest with the lowest category of red meat (unprocessed) and processed meat consumption using a random-effect meta-analysis. We identified 13 cohort, 3 nested case-control and two clinical trial Studies. Comparing the highest to the lowest category, red meat (unprocessed) consumption was associated with a 6% higher breast cancer risk (pooled RR,1.06; 95% confidence intervals (95%CI):0.99-1.14; I2 = 56.3%), and processed meat consumption was associated with a 9% higher breast cancer risk (pooled RR, 1.09; 95%CI, 1.03-1.16; I2 = 44.4%). In addition, we identified two nested case-control Studies evaluating the association between red meat and breast cancer stratified by N-acetyltransferase 2 acetylator genotype. We did not observe any association among those with either fast (per 25 g/day pooled odds ratio (OR), 1.18; 95%CI, 0.93-1.50) or slow N-acetyltransferase 2 acetylators (per 25 g/day pooled OR, 0.99; 95%CI, 0.91-1.08). In the Prospective observational Studies, high processed meat consumption was associated with increased breast cancer risk.
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body mass index abdominal fatness weight gain and the risk of psoriasis a systematic review and dose response meta analysis of Prospective Studies
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2018Co-Authors: Dagfinn Aune, Teresa Norat, I Snekvik, Sabrina Schlesinger, Elio Riboli, Lars J VattenAbstract:Greater body mass index (BMI) has been associated with increased risk of psoriasis in case–control and cross-sectional Studies, however, the evidence from Prospective Studies has been limited. We conducted a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of different adiposity measures and the risk of psoriasis to provide a more robust summary of the evidence based on data from Prospective Studies. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant Studies up to August 8th 2017. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. The summary relative risk (RR) for a 5 unit increment in BMI was 1.19 (95% CI 1.10–1.28, I2 = 83%, n = 7). The association appeared to be stronger at higher compared to lower levels of BMI, pnonlinearity < 0.0001, and the lowest risk was observed at a BMI around 20. The summary RR was 1.24 (95% CI 1.17–1.31, I2 = 0%, pheterogeneity = 0.72, n = 3) per 10 cm increase in waist circumference, 1.37 (95% CI 1.23–1.53, I2 = 0%, pheterogeneity = 0.93, n = 3) per 0.1 unit increase in waist-to-hip ratio, and 1.11 (95% CI 1.07–1.16, I2 = 47%, pheterogeneity = 0.15, n = 3) per 5 kg of weight gain. Adiposity as measured by BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and weight gain is associated with increased risk of psoriasis.
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Body mass index, abdominal fatness, fat mass and the risk of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of Prospective Studies
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2017Co-Authors: Dagfinn Aune, Teresa Norat, Sabrina Schlesinger, Elio Riboli, Imre Janszky, Pal R Romundstad, Serena Tonstad, Lars J VattenAbstract:Different adiposity measures have been associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation, however, results have previously only been summarized for BMI. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of Prospective Studies to clarify the association between different adiposity measures and risk of atrial fibrillation. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to October 24th 2016. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using random effects models. Twenty-nine unique Prospective Studies (32 publications) were included. Twenty-five Studies (83,006 cases, 2,405,381 participants) were included in the analysis of BMI and atrial fibrillation. The summary RR was 1.28 (95% confidence interval: 1.20–1.38, I^2 = 97%) per 5 unit increment in BMI, 1.18 (95% CI: 1.12–1.25, I^2 = 73%, n = 5) and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.16–1.51, I^2 = 91%, n = 3) per 10 cm increase in waist and hip circumference, respectively, 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02–1.16, I^2 = 44%, n = 4) per 0.1 unit increase in waist-to-hip ratio, 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02–1.16, I^2 = 94%, n = 4) per 5 kg increase in fat mass, 1.10 (95% CI: 0.92–1.33, I^2 = 90%, n = 3) per 10% increase in fat percentage, 1.10 (95% CI: 1.08–1.13, I^2 = 74%, n = 10) per 5 kg increase in weight, and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.97–1.19, I^2 = 86%, n = 2) per 5% increase in weight gain. The association between BMI and atrial fibrillation was nonlinear, p _nonlinearity
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body mass index abdominal fatness fat mass and the risk of atrial fibrillation a systematic review and dose response meta analysis of Prospective Studies
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2017Co-Authors: Dagfinn Aune, Teresa Norat, Sabrina Schlesinger, Elio Riboli, Lars J Vatten, Imre Janszky, Pal R Romundstad, Serena TonstadAbstract:Different adiposity measures have been associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation, however, results have previously only been summarized for BMI. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of Prospective Studies to clarify the association between different adiposity measures and risk of atrial fibrillation. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to October 24th 2016. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using random effects models. Twenty-nine unique Prospective Studies (32 publications) were included. Twenty-five Studies (83,006 cases, 2,405,381 participants) were included in the analysis of BMI and atrial fibrillation. The summary RR was 1.28 (95% confidence interval: 1.20–1.38, I2 = 97%) per 5 unit increment in BMI, 1.18 (95% CI: 1.12–1.25, I2 = 73%, n = 5) and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.16–1.51, I2 = 91%, n = 3) per 10 cm increase in waist and hip circumference, respectively, 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02–1.16, I2 = 44%, n = 4) per 0.1 unit increase in waist-to-hip ratio, 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02–1.16, I2 = 94%, n = 4) per 5 kg increase in fat mass, 1.10 (95% CI: 0.92–1.33, I2 = 90%, n = 3) per 10% increase in fat percentage, 1.10 (95% CI: 1.08–1.13, I2 = 74%, n = 10) per 5 kg increase in weight, and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.97–1.19, I2 = 86%, n = 2) per 5% increase in weight gain. The association between BMI and atrial fibrillation was nonlinear, pnonlinearity < 0.0001, with a stronger association at higher BMI levels, however, increased risk was observed even at a BMI of 22–24 compared to 20. In conclusion, general and abdominal adiposity and higher body fat mass increase the risk of atrial fibrillation.
Dagfinn Aune - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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25-Hydroxyvitamin D status, vitamin D intake, and skin cancer risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of Prospective Studies
Scientific Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Yahya Mahamat-saleh, Dagfinn Aune, Sabrina SchlesingerAbstract:Sun exposure is a major environmental risk factor for skin cancers and is also an important source of vitamin D. However, while experimental evidence suggests that vitamin D may have a protective effect on skin cancer risk, epidemiologic Studies investigating the influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and/or vitamin D intake on skin cancer risk are conflicting. A systematic review and dose-response meta-analyses of Prospective Studies was conducted to clarify these associations. Relevant Studies were identified by searching the PubMed database up to 30th August 2019. Random effects dose-response meta-analyses were used to estimate summary relative risks (SRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, thirteen Prospective Studies were included. Circulating level of 25(OH)D was associated with higher risks of melanoma (SRR (95% CI) per 30 nmol = 1.42 (1.17-1.72)) and keratinocyte cancer (KC) (SRR (95% CI) per 30 nmol/L = 1.30 (1.13-1.49)). The SRR (95% CI) per 30 nmol/L increase in 25(OH) D level was 1.41 (1.19-1.67), and 1.57 (0.64-3.86), for basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), respectively. However, while we found that vitamin D intake (from diet, supplemental and total) was not associated with risks of melanoma and SCC, vitamin D intake was associated with slightly increased BCC risk, albeit with no heterogeneity across skin cancer type. This meta-analysis suggests positive associations between circulating 25(OH)D level and risk of melanoma and KC, however, this finding is most likely confounded by sun exposure. We found no associations between vitamin D intake skin cancers, except positive associations with BCC risk.
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body mass index abdominal fatness weight gain and the risk of urinary incontinence a systematic review and dose response meta analysis of Prospective Studies
British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2019Co-Authors: Dagfinn Aune, Teresa Norat, Elio Riboli, Yahya MahamatsalehAbstract:BACKGROUND: Adiposity has been associated with elevated risk of urinary incontinence in epidemiological Studies; however, the strength of the association has differed between Studies. OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematic literature review and dose-response meta-analysis of Prospective Studies on adiposity and risk of urinary incontinence. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched PubMed and Embase databases up to 19 July 2017. SELECTION CRITERIA: Prospective cohort Studies were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked for accuracy by a second reviewer. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects models. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-four Prospective Studies were included. The summary RR per 5 kg/m2 increment in body mass index (BMI) was 1.20 (95% CI 1.16-1.25, I2 = 62%, n = 11) for population-based Studies and 1.19 (95% CI 1.08-1.30, I2 = 87.1%, n = 8) for pregnancy-based Studies, 1.18 (95% CI 1.14-1.22, I2 = 0%, n = 2) per 10 cm increase in waist circumference and 1.34 (95% CI 1.11-1.62, I2 = 90%, n = 2) per 10 kg of weight gain. Although the test for nonlinearity was significant for BMI, P = 0.04, the association was approximately linear. For subtypes of urinary incontinence the summary RR per 5 BMI units was 1.45 (95% CI 1.25-1.68, I2 = 85%, n = 3) for frequent incontinence, 1.52 (95% CI 1.37-1.68, I2 = 34%, n = 4) for severe incontinence, 1.33 (95% CI 1.26-1.41, I2 = 0%, n = 8) for stress incontinence, 1.26 (95% CI 1.14-1.40, I2 = 70%, n = 7) for urge incontinence, and 1.52 (95% CI 1.36-1.69, I2 = 0%, n = 3) for mixed incontinence. CONCLUSION: These results suggest excess weight may increase risk of urinary incontinence. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Overweight and obesity increase the risk of urinary incontinence.
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body mass index abdominal fatness weight gain and the risk of psoriasis a systematic review and dose response meta analysis of Prospective Studies
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2018Co-Authors: Dagfinn Aune, Teresa Norat, I Snekvik, Sabrina Schlesinger, Elio Riboli, Lars J VattenAbstract:Greater body mass index (BMI) has been associated with increased risk of psoriasis in case–control and cross-sectional Studies, however, the evidence from Prospective Studies has been limited. We conducted a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of different adiposity measures and the risk of psoriasis to provide a more robust summary of the evidence based on data from Prospective Studies. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant Studies up to August 8th 2017. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. The summary relative risk (RR) for a 5 unit increment in BMI was 1.19 (95% CI 1.10–1.28, I2 = 83%, n = 7). The association appeared to be stronger at higher compared to lower levels of BMI, pnonlinearity < 0.0001, and the lowest risk was observed at a BMI around 20. The summary RR was 1.24 (95% CI 1.17–1.31, I2 = 0%, pheterogeneity = 0.72, n = 3) per 10 cm increase in waist circumference, 1.37 (95% CI 1.23–1.53, I2 = 0%, pheterogeneity = 0.93, n = 3) per 0.1 unit increase in waist-to-hip ratio, and 1.11 (95% CI 1.07–1.16, I2 = 47%, pheterogeneity = 0.15, n = 3) per 5 kg of weight gain. Adiposity as measured by BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and weight gain is associated with increased risk of psoriasis.
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Body mass index, abdominal fatness, fat mass and the risk of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of Prospective Studies
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2017Co-Authors: Dagfinn Aune, Teresa Norat, Sabrina Schlesinger, Elio Riboli, Imre Janszky, Pal R Romundstad, Serena Tonstad, Lars J VattenAbstract:Different adiposity measures have been associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation, however, results have previously only been summarized for BMI. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of Prospective Studies to clarify the association between different adiposity measures and risk of atrial fibrillation. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to October 24th 2016. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using random effects models. Twenty-nine unique Prospective Studies (32 publications) were included. Twenty-five Studies (83,006 cases, 2,405,381 participants) were included in the analysis of BMI and atrial fibrillation. The summary RR was 1.28 (95% confidence interval: 1.20–1.38, I^2 = 97%) per 5 unit increment in BMI, 1.18 (95% CI: 1.12–1.25, I^2 = 73%, n = 5) and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.16–1.51, I^2 = 91%, n = 3) per 10 cm increase in waist and hip circumference, respectively, 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02–1.16, I^2 = 44%, n = 4) per 0.1 unit increase in waist-to-hip ratio, 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02–1.16, I^2 = 94%, n = 4) per 5 kg increase in fat mass, 1.10 (95% CI: 0.92–1.33, I^2 = 90%, n = 3) per 10% increase in fat percentage, 1.10 (95% CI: 1.08–1.13, I^2 = 74%, n = 10) per 5 kg increase in weight, and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.97–1.19, I^2 = 86%, n = 2) per 5% increase in weight gain. The association between BMI and atrial fibrillation was nonlinear, p _nonlinearity
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body mass index abdominal fatness fat mass and the risk of atrial fibrillation a systematic review and dose response meta analysis of Prospective Studies
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2017Co-Authors: Dagfinn Aune, Teresa Norat, Sabrina Schlesinger, Elio Riboli, Lars J Vatten, Imre Janszky, Pal R Romundstad, Serena TonstadAbstract:Different adiposity measures have been associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation, however, results have previously only been summarized for BMI. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of Prospective Studies to clarify the association between different adiposity measures and risk of atrial fibrillation. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to October 24th 2016. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using random effects models. Twenty-nine unique Prospective Studies (32 publications) were included. Twenty-five Studies (83,006 cases, 2,405,381 participants) were included in the analysis of BMI and atrial fibrillation. The summary RR was 1.28 (95% confidence interval: 1.20–1.38, I2 = 97%) per 5 unit increment in BMI, 1.18 (95% CI: 1.12–1.25, I2 = 73%, n = 5) and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.16–1.51, I2 = 91%, n = 3) per 10 cm increase in waist and hip circumference, respectively, 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02–1.16, I2 = 44%, n = 4) per 0.1 unit increase in waist-to-hip ratio, 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02–1.16, I2 = 94%, n = 4) per 5 kg increase in fat mass, 1.10 (95% CI: 0.92–1.33, I2 = 90%, n = 3) per 10% increase in fat percentage, 1.10 (95% CI: 1.08–1.13, I2 = 74%, n = 10) per 5 kg increase in weight, and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.97–1.19, I2 = 86%, n = 2) per 5% increase in weight gain. The association between BMI and atrial fibrillation was nonlinear, pnonlinearity < 0.0001, with a stronger association at higher BMI levels, however, increased risk was observed even at a BMI of 22–24 compared to 20. In conclusion, general and abdominal adiposity and higher body fat mass increase the risk of atrial fibrillation.
Alicja Wolk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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consumption of red and processed meat and breast cancer incidence a systematic review and meta analysis of Prospective Studies
International Journal of Cancer, 2018Co-Authors: Maryam S Farvid, Teresa Norat, Alicja Wolk, Mariana C Stern, Shizuka Sasazuki, Paolo Vineis, Matty P Weijenberg, Bernard W Stewart, Eunyoung ChoAbstract:Prior Studies on red and processed meat consumption with breast cancer risk have generated inconsistent results. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of Prospective Studies to summarize the evidence regarding the relation of red meat and processed meat consumption with breast cancer incidence. We searched in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through January 2018 for Prospective Studies that reported the association between red meat and processed meat consumption with incident breast cancer. The multivariable-adjusted relative risk (RR) was combined comparing the highest with the lowest category of red meat (unprocessed) and processed meat consumption using a random-effect meta-analysis. We identified 13 cohort, 3 nested case-control and two clinical trial Studies. Comparing the highest to the lowest category, red meat (unprocessed) consumption was associated with a 6% higher breast cancer risk (pooled RR,1.06; 95% confidence intervals (95%CI):0.99-1.14; I2 = 56.3%), and processed meat consumption was associated with a 9% higher breast cancer risk (pooled RR, 1.09; 95%CI, 1.03-1.16; I2 = 44.4%). In addition, we identified two nested case-control Studies evaluating the association between red meat and breast cancer stratified by N-acetyltransferase 2 acetylator genotype. We did not observe any association among those with either fast (per 25 g/day pooled odds ratio (OR), 1.18; 95%CI, 0.93-1.50) or slow N-acetyltransferase 2 acetylators (per 25 g/day pooled OR, 0.99; 95%CI, 0.91-1.08). In the Prospective observational Studies, high processed meat consumption was associated with increased breast cancer risk.
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alcohol consumption and risk of heart failure a dose response meta analysis of Prospective Studies
European Journal of Heart Failure, 2015Co-Authors: Susanna C Larsson, Nicola Orsini, Alicja WolkAbstract:Aims The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of Prospective Studies assessing the relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of heart failure (HF). Methods and results We searched the PubMed database from inception to September 2014 and reviewed the reference list of relevant articles to identify Prospective Studies assessing the association between alcohol consumption and risk of HF. Study-specific relative risk (RR) estimates were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. The meta-analysis included eight Prospective Studies, with a total of 202 378 participants and 6211 cases of HF. The pooled adjusted RRs of HF were 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–0.93] for light to moderate alcohol consumption (<14 drinks/week) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.72–1.13) for high alcohol consumption (≥14 drinks/week) compared with non-drinkers. In a dose–response meta-analysis, we observed a non-linear relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of HF (P for non-linearity = 0.001). Compared with non-drinkers, the RRs (95% CI) across levels of alcohol consumption were 0.90 (0.84–0.96) for 3 drinks/week, 0.83 (0.73–0.95) for 7 drinks/week, 0.84 (0.72–0.98) for 10 drinks/week, 0.90 (0.73–1.10) for 14 drinks/week, and 1.07 (0.77–1.48) for 21 drinks/week. Conclusion Alcohol consumption in moderation is associated with a reduced risk of HF.
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red and processed meat consumption and risk of pancreatic cancer meta analysis of Prospective Studies
British Journal of Cancer, 2012Co-Authors: Susanna C Larsson, Alicja WolkAbstract:BACKGROUND: Whether red and processed meat consumption is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarise the evidence from Prospective Studies of red and processed meat consumption and pancreatic cancer risk. METHODS: Relevant Studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases through November 2011. Study-specific results were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Eleven Prospective Studies, with 6643 pancreatic cancer cases, were included in the meta-analysis. An increase in red meat consumption of 120g per day was associated with an overall relative risk (RR) of 1.13 (95% confidence interval (CI) ¼0.93–1.39; Pheterogeneityo0.001). Red meat consumption was positively associated with pancreatic cancer risk in men (RR ¼1.29; 95% CI ¼1.08–1.53; Pheterogeneity ¼0.28; five Studies), but not in women (RR ¼0.93; 95% CI ¼0.74–1.16; Pheterogeneity ¼0.21; six Studies). The RR of pancreatic cancer for a 50g per day increase in processed meat consumption was 1.19 (95% CI ¼1.04–1.36; Pheterogeneity ¼0.46). CONCLUSION: Findings from this meta-analysis indicate that processed meat consumption is positively associated with pancreatic cancer risk. Red meat consumption was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer in men. Further Prospective Studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Dietary magnesium intake and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of Prospective Studies 1-4
2012Co-Authors: Susanna C Larsson, Alicja Wolk, Nicola OrsiniAbstract:Background: Prospective Studies of dietary magnesium intake in relation to risk of stroke have yielded inconsistent results. Objective: We conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to summarize the evidence regarding the association between magnesium intake and stroke risk. Design: Relevant Studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE from January 1966 through September 2011 and reviewing reference lists of retrieved articles. We included Prospective Studies that reported RRs with 95% CIs of stroke for 3 categories of magnesium intake. Results from individual Studies were combined by using a random-effects model. Results: Seven Prospective Studies, with 6477 cases of stroke and 241,378 participants, were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. We observed a modest but statistically significant inverse association between magnesium intake and risk of stroke. An intake increment of 100 mg Mg/d was associated with an 8% reduction in risk of total stroke (combined RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97), without heterogeneity among Studies (P = 0.66, I 2 = 0%). Magnesium intake was inversely associated with risk of ischemic stroke (RR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.96) but not intracerebral hemorrhage (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.10) or subarachnoid hemorrhage (RR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.14). Conclusion: Dietary magnesium intake is inversely associated with risk of stroke, specifically ischemic stroke. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;95:362‐6.
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Dietary magnesium intake and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of Prospective Studies
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2011Co-Authors: Susanna C Larsson, Alicja Wolk, Nicola OrsiniAbstract:BACKGROUND: Prospective Studies of dietary magnesium intake in relation to risk of stroke have yielded inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to summarize the evidence regarding the association between magnesium intake and stroke risk. DESIGN: Relevant Studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE from January 1966 through September 2011 and reviewing reference lists of retrieved articles. We included Prospective Studies that reported RRs with 95% CIs of stroke for ≥3 categories of magnesium intake. Results from individual Studies were combined by using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Seven Prospective Studies, with 6477 cases of stroke and 241,378 participants, were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. We observed a modest but statistically significant inverse association between magnesium intake and risk of stroke. An intake increment of 100 mg Mg/d was associated with an 8% reduction in risk of total stroke (combined RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97), without heterogeneity among Studies (P = 0.66, I(2) = 0%). Magnesium intake was inversely associated with risk of ischemic stroke (RR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.96) but not intracerebral hemorrhage (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.10) or subarachnoid hemorrhage (RR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.14). CONCLUSION: Dietary magnesium intake is inversely associated with risk of stroke, specifically ischemic stroke.
Hideaki Toyoshima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Green tea and stomach cancer--a short review of Prospective Studies.
Journal of epidemiology, 2005Co-Authors: Yoshiharu Hoshiyama, Takeshi Kawaguchi, Yoshihiko Miura, Tetsuya Mizoue, Noritaka Tokui, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Kiyomi Sakata, Takaaki Kondo, Shogo Kikuchi, Hideaki ToyoshimaAbstract:In Japan, green tea has been drunk for a long time. Because it can be drunk casually, many people love drinking it. If such green tea has an effect to prevent stomach cancer, it will be a very convenient way to prevent the disease. To examine the association between green tea consumption and the risk of stomach cancer, past epidemiologic Studies including JACC Study were reviewed. Among eight case-control Studies, five showed risk reduction with a statistically significant difference, and two Studies showed risk reduction without a statistically significant difference. The remaining study showed the opposite result. Among six Prospective Studies regarding stomach cancer, no study showed risk reduction with a statistically significant difference. Four of the six Studies showed no relation. In terms of study design, Prospective Studies, which are considered to be more reliable than case-controlled Studies, tend to show no risk reduction. The results of case-control Studies and Prospective Studies present considerably different impressions. Prospective Studies showed no inverse association between the consumption of green tea and the risk of stomach cancer.
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Green Tea and Stomach Cancer -- A Short Review of Prospective Studies
Journal of Epidemiology, 2005Co-Authors: Yoshiharu Hoshiyama, Takeshi Kawaguchi, Yoshihiko Miura, Tetsuya Mizoue, Noritaka Tokui, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Kiyomi Sakata, Takaaki Kondo, Shogo Kikuchi, Hideaki ToyoshimaAbstract:BACKGROUND: In Japan, green tea has been drunk for a long time. Because it can be drunk casually, many people love drinking it. If such green tea has an effect to prevent stomach cancer, it will be a very convenient way to prevent the disease.METHODS: To examine the association between green tea consumption and the risk of stomach cancer, past epidemiologic Studies including JACC Study were reviewed.RESULTS: Among eight case-control Studies, five showed risk reduction with a statistically significant difference, and two Studies showed risk reduction without a statistically significant difference. The remaining study showed the opposite result. Among six Prospective Studies regarding stomach cancer, no study showed risk reduction with a statistically significant difference. Four of the six Studies showed no relation. In terms of study design, Prospective Studies, which are considered to be more reliable than case-controlled Studies, tend to show no risk reduction. The results of case-control Studies and Prospective Studies present considerably different impressions.CONCLUSIONS: Prospective Studies showed no inverse association between the consumption of green tea and the risk of stomach cancer.J Epidemiol 2005; 15: S109-S112.
Paul N Appleby - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Collaborative Analysis of Individual Participant Data from 19 Prospective Studies Assesses Circulating Vitamin D and Prostate Cancer Risk
Cancer Research, 2019Co-Authors: Demetrius Albanes, Paul N Appleby, Ruth C Travis, Aurora Perez-cornago, Corinne E. Joshu, Pamela L. Lutsey, Alison M. Mondul, Elizabeth A. Platz, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Tracy M. LayneAbstract:Previous Prospective Studies assessing the relationship between circulating concentrations of vitamin D and prostate cancer risk have shown inconclusive results, particularly for risk of aggressive disease. In this study, we examine the association between prediagnostic concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] and the risk of prostate cancer overall and by tumor characteristics. Principal investigators of 19 Prospective Studies provided individual participant data on circulating 25(OH) D and 1,25(OH)(2)D for up to 13,462 men with incident prostate cancer and 20,261 control participants. ORs for prostate cancer by study-specific fifths of season-standardized vitamin D concentration were estimated using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression. 25(OH)D concentration was positively associated with risk for total prostate cancer (multivariable-adjusted OR comparing highest vs. lowest study specific fifth was 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.31; P trend < 0.001). However, this association varied by disease aggressiveness (P-heterogeneity = 0.014); higher circulating 25(OH)D was associated with a higher risk of nonaggressive disease (OR per 80 percentile increase = 1.24, 1.13-1.36) but not with aggressive disease (defined as stage 4, metastases, or prostate cancer death, 0.95, 0.78-1.15). 1,25(OH)(2)D concentration was not associated with risk for prostate cancer overall or by tumor characteristics. The absence of an association of vitamin D with aggressive disease does not support the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency increases prostate cancer risk. Rather, the association of high circulating 25(OH)D concentration with a higher risk of nonaggressive prostate cancer may be influenced by detection bias. Significance: This international collaboration comprises the largest Prospective study on blood vitamin D and prostate cancer risk and shows no association with aggressive disease but some evidence of a higher risk of nonaggressive disease.
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low free testosterone and prostate cancer risk a collaborative analysis of 20 Prospective Studies
European Urology, 2018Co-Authors: Eleanor L Watts, Paul N Appleby, Aurora Perezcornago, Bas H Buenodemesquita, June M Chan, Chu Chen, Barbara A Cohn, Michael B Cook, Leon Flicker, Neal D FreedmanAbstract:Abstract Background Experimental and clinical evidence implicates testosterone in the aetiology of prostate cancer. Variation across the normal range of circulating free testosterone concentrations may not lead to changes in prostate biology, unless circulating concentrations are low. This may also apply to prostate cancer risk, but this has not been investigated in an epidemiological setting. Objective To examine whether men with low concentrations of circulating free testosterone have a reduced risk of prostate cancer. Design, setting, and participants Analysis of individual participant data from 20 Prospective Studies including 6933 prostate cancer cases, diagnosed on average 6.8 yr after blood collection, and 12 088 controls in the Endogenous Hormones, Nutritional Biomarkers and Prostate Cancer Collaborative Group. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Odds ratios (ORs) of incident overall prostate cancer and subtypes by stage and grade, using conditional logistic regression, based on study-specific tenths of calculated free testosterone concentration. Results and limitations Men in the lowest tenth of free testosterone concentration had a lower risk of overall prostate cancer (OR = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69–0.86; p Conclusions Men with low circulating free testosterone may have a lower risk of overall prostate cancer; this may be due to a direct biological effect, or detection bias. Further research is needed to explore the apparent differential association by tumour grade. Patient summary In this study, we looked at circulating testosterone levels and risk of developing prostate cancer, finding that men with low testosterone had a lower risk of prostate cancer.
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night shift work and breast cancer incidence three Prospective Studies and meta analysis of published Studies
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2016Co-Authors: Ruth C Travis, Paul N Appleby, Angela Balkwill, Georgina K Fensom, Gillian K Reeves, Xiaosi Wang, Andrew W Roddam, T Gathani, Richard Peto, Jane GreenAbstract:Background It has been proposed that night shift work could increase breast cancer incidence. A 2007 World Health Organization review concluded, mainly from animal evidence, that shift work involving circadian disruption is probably carcinogenic to humans. We therefore aimed to generate Prospective epidemiological evidence on night shift work and breast cancer incidence. Methods Overall, 522 246 Million Women Study, 22 559 EPIC-Oxford, and 251 045 UK Biobank participants answered questions on shift work and were followed for incident cancer. Cox regression yielded multivariable-adjusted breast cancer incidence rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for night shift work vs no night shift work, and likelihood ratio tests for interaction were used to assess heterogeneity. Our meta-analyses combined these and relative risks from the seven previously published Prospective Studies (1.4 million women in total), using inverse-variance weighted averages of the study-specific log RRs. Results In the Million Women Study, EPIC-Oxford, and UK Biobank, respectively, 673, 28, and 67 women who reported night shift work developed breast cancer, and the RRs for any vs no night shift work were 1.00 (95% CI = 0.92 to 1.08), 1.07 (95% CI = 0.71 to 1.62), and 0.78 (95% CI = 0.61 to 1.00). In the Million Women Study, the RR for 20 or more years of night shift work was 1.00 (95% CI = 0.81 to 1.23), with no statistically significant heterogeneity by sleep patterns or breast cancer risk factors. Our meta-analysis of all 10 Prospective Studies included 4660 breast cancers in women reporting night shift work; compared with other women, the combined relative risks were 0.99 (95% CI = 0.95 to 1.03) for any night shift work, 1.01 (95% CI = 0.93 to 1.10) for 20 or more years of night shift work, and 1.00 (95% CI = 0.87 to 1.14) for 30 or more years. Conclusions The totality of the Prospective evidence shows that night shift work, including long-term shift work, has little or no effect on breast cancer incidence.
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selenium and prostate cancer analysis of individual participant data from fifteen Prospective Studies
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2016Co-Authors: Naomi E. Allen, Demetrius Albanes, Paul N Appleby, Pilar Galan, Ruth C Travis, Bas H Buenodemesquita, Matt J. Barnett, Amanda Black, Mélanie Deschasaux, Gary E. GoodmanAbstract:Background: Some observational Studies suggest that a higher selenium status is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer but have been generally too small to provide precise estimates of associations, particularly by disease stage and grade. Methods: Collaborating investigators from 15 Prospective Studies provided individual-participant records (from predominantly men of white European ancestry) on blood or toenail selenium concentrations and prostate cancer risk. Odds ratios of prostate cancer by selenium concentration were estimated using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Blood selenium was not associated with the risk of total prostate cancer (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio [OR] per 80 percentile increase = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83 to 1.23, based on 4527 case patients and 6021 control subjects). However, there was heterogeneity by disease aggressiveness (ie, advanced stage and/or prostate cancer death, Pheterogeneity = .01), with high blood selenium associated with a lower risk of aggressive disease (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.21 to 0.87) but not with nonaggressive disease. Nail selenium was inversely associated with total prostate cancer (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.40, Ptrend < .001, based on 1970 case patients and 2086 control subjects), including both nonaggressive (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.50) and aggressive disease (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.31, Pheterogeneity = .08). Conclusions: Nail, but not blood, selenium concentration is inversely associated with risk of total prostate cancer, possibly because nails are a more reliable marker of long-term selenium exposure. Both blood and nail selenium concentrations are associated with a reduced risk of aggressive disease, which warrants further investigation.
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Selenium and prostate cancer: analysis of individual participant data from fifteen Prospective Studies
JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2016Co-Authors: Naomi E. Allen, Demetrius Albanes, Paul N Appleby, Ruth C Travis, Matt J. Barnett, Amanda Black, H. Bas Bueno-de-mesquita, Mélanie Deschasaux, Pilar Galan Hercberg, Gary E. GoodmanAbstract:Background: Some observational Studies suggest that a higher selenium status is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer but have been generally too small to provide precise estimates of associations, particularly by disease stage and grade. Methods: Collaborating investigators from 15 Prospective Studies provided individual-participant records (from predominantly men of white European ancestry) on blood or toenail selenium concentrations and prostate cancer risk. Odds ratios of prostate cancer by selenium concentration were estimated using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Blood selenium was not associated with the risk of total prostate cancer (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio [OR] per 80 percentile increase = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83 to 1.23, based on 4527 case patients and 6021 control subjects). However, there was heterogeneity by disease aggressiveness (ie, advanced stage and/or prostate cancer death, P-heterogeneity = .01), with high blood selenium associated with a lower risk of aggressive disease (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.21 to 0.87) but not with nonaggressive disease. Nail selenium was inversely associated with total prostate cancer (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.40, P-trend
