The Experts below are selected from a list of 21912 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Alexandra J Sinclair - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
evolving evidence in adult idiopathic intracranial hypertension pathophysiology and management
Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 2016Co-Authors: Susan P Mollan, Deborah I. Friedman, Hannah Botfield, Alexandra J Sinclair, Ghaniah Hassansmith, Fizzah AliAbstract:Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a rare but important disease associated with significant morbidity. There is an expected rise in prevalence in line with the escalating global Burden of Obesity. Modern revisions in the terminology and diagnostic criteria for IIH help guide clinicians in investigations and researchers in standardising recruitment criteria for clinical trials. The pathophysiology of IIH is incompletely characterised; suggested underpinning mechanisms include the role of cerebrospinal fluid regulation as well as metabolic and endocrinological perspectives. Recent treatment trials are providing insights into the management but debate still surrounds key areas in treatment. This review will provide an up-to-date discussion on the potential pathogenic mechanisms and management of IIH.
Barry M. Popkin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
under and overnutrition dynamics in chinese children and adults 1991 2004
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2008Co-Authors: Tracy Dearthwesley, Huijun Wang, Barry M. PopkinAbstract:Objective: To examine trends in under- and overweight prevalence from 1991 to 2004 among adults and children in China by income and residence differentials. Methods/Subjects: Prevalence, average annual changes and annual relative changes in under- and overweight were determined. In 1991, 2848 children and 6806 adults were surveyed. The 2004 survey included 1566 children and 6172 adults. Results: Higher average annual reductions in underweight prevalence were found among children, particularly rural children, when compared with adults. With respect to income, low-income children and adults experienced the greatest average annual reductions in underweight prevalence. The trend for increased overweight was more pronounced than the trend for decreased underweight. Intensified trends were found among adults (versus children) and males (versus females). Relative to baseline prevalence, overweight increased fastest among adults in low-income and rural populations. Conclusions: Rapid increases in the overweight prevalence, particularly as found among low-income and rural Chinese adults, will likely lead to a shift in the Burden of Obesity-related chronic diseases toward the poor. Associated economic and health implications will further challenge the country’s health care system, restrain economic development and widen existing disparities between the rural and urban as well as between the rich and poor populations of China.
-
the nutrition transition in high and low income countries what are the policy lessons
Agricultural Economics, 2007Co-Authors: Barry M. PopkinAbstract:This article examines the speed of changes in diets, activity patterns, and body composition, summarizes major dietary changes, and provides some sense of the way the Burden of Obesity is shifting from the rich to the poor globally. The focus is on the lower- and middle-income world with some examples from higher-income countries. Then macro policy options are examined. A case study of edible oil pricing in China is presented. The challenge is for the agricultural economics profession to focus on this major global issue—one which challenges some of the earlier paradigms of food policy and agricultural development.
-
technology transport globalization and the nutrition transition food policy
Food Policy, 2006Co-Authors: Barry M. PopkinAbstract:Abstract Diet and activity have been affected by the rapid worldwide shifts in technological innovations reducing energy expenditures during leisure, transportation, and work; globalized modern food processing, marketing and distribution techniques; global mass media. The increases occur increasingly in rural areas on all continents. The resultant global increase in Obesity increasingly is shifting the Burden of Obesity to the poor. While few direct linkages between globalization of trade in goods, services, and technology can be directly linked to diet and activity, a strong case exists for globalization’s role as a key underlying force behind this stage of the nutrition transition.
-
the nutrition transition in high and low income countries what are the policy lessons
2006Co-Authors: Barry M. PopkinAbstract:The world has seen a remarkable shift from a period when diets, activity patterns and body composition were characterized by the period termed the receding famine pattern to one dominated by nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NR-NCDs). This presentation first examines the speed of these changes, summarizes dietary changes, and provides some sense of the way the Burden of Obesity is shifting from the rich to the poor not only in urban but also rural areas throughout the world. The focus is on the lower- and middle- income countries of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America but some examples will come from the United States, Australia, and the UK. After showing that changes are occurring at great speed and at earlier stages of countries' economic and social development, the presentation shifts to some of the critical policy opportunities and some example of options. Few policy lessons exist at a macro level outside of selected countries such as South Korea and Finland. Examples of ways price policy and other options might work, using Chinese longitudinal case studies, are presented. The challenge is for the agricultural economics profession to focus on this major global issue-one which challenges some of the earlier paradigms of food policy an agricultural development.
-
the nutrition transition worldwide Obesity dynamics and their determinants
International Journal of Obesity, 2004Co-Authors: Barry M. Popkin, Penny GordonlarsenAbstract:OBJECTIVE: This paper explores the major changes in diet and physical activity patterns around the world and focuses on shifts in Obesity. DESIGN: Review of results focusing on large-scale surveys and nationally representative studies of diet, activity, and Obesity among adults and children. SUBJECTS: Youth and adults from a range of countries around the world. MEASUREMENTS: The International Obesity Task Force guidelines for defining overweight and Obesity are used for youth and the body mass index Z25 kg/m 2 and 30 cutoffs are used, respectively, for adults. RESULTS: The nutrition transition patterns are examined from the time period termed the receding famine pattern to one dominated by nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases (NR-NCDs). The speed of dietary and activity pattern shifts is great, particularly in the developing world, resulting in major shifts in Obesity on a worldwide basis. Data limitations force us to examine data on Obesity trends in adults to provide a broader sense of changes in Obesity over time, and then to examine the relatively fewer studies on youth. Specifically, this work provides a sense of change both in the United States, Europe, and the lower- and middle-income countries of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America. CONCLUSION: The paper shows that changes are occurring at great speed and at earlier stages of the economic and social development of each country. The Burden of Obesity is shifting towards the poor. International Journal of Obesity (2004) 28, S2–S9. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802804
Maziar Moradilakeh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Burden of Obesity in the eastern mediterranean region findings from the global Burden of disease 2015 study
International Journal of Public Health, 2018Co-Authors: Ali H Mokdad, Ashkan Afshin, Maziar Moradilakeh, Charbel El Bcheraoui, Raghid Charara, Ibrahim A Khalil, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Michael Collison, Johan ArnlovAbstract:We used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 study results to explore the Burden of high body mass index (BMI) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). We estimated the prevalence of overweigh ...
-
health effects of overweight and Obesity in 195 countries over 25 years
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Ashkan Afshin, Mohammad H Forouzanfar, Marissa B Reitsma, Patrick J Sur, Kara Estep, Alexander Lee, Laurie B Marczak, Ali H Mokdad, Maziar MoradilakehAbstract:BACKGROUND Although the rising pandemic of Obesity has received major attention in many countries, the effects of this attention on trends and the disease Burden of Obesity remain uncertain. METHOD ...
Ming T Tsuang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
binge eating disorder as a distinct familial phenotype in obese individuals
Archives of General Psychiatry, 2006Co-Authors: James I. Hudson, Susan L Mcelroy, Cynthia M. Bulik, Justine K. Lalonde, Lindsay J. Pindyck, Scott J. Crow, Judith M Berry, Nan M Laird, Ming T TsuangAbstract:Context Binge-eating disorder (BED)—a syndrome that only recently has attracted scientific attention—is often seen in obese individuals, especially those with severe Obesity. However, it remains unclear whether BED represents an etiologically distinct behavioral phenotype of Obesity or simply a nonspecific eating pattern sometimes seen in obese individuals. Objective To test whether BED aggregates in families independently of Obesity, and if so, whether familial factors for BED also independently increase the risk of Obesity. Design, Patients, and Setting Blinded family interview study of overweight or obese probands with (n = 150) and without (n = 150) BED, and their first-degree relatives (n = 888) in a community setting evaluated between October 2002 and July 2004. Main Outcome Measures Lifetime diagnosis of BED; current and highest lifetime body mass index (calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters). Results Binge-eating disorder aggregated strongly in families independently of Obesity (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-3.6; P P = .002). Conclusions Binge-eating disorder is a familial disorder caused in part by factors distinct from other familial factors for Obesity. Furthermore, these BED-specific familial factors may independently increase the risk of Obesity, especially severe Obesity. It follows that targeted interventions capable of preventing or treating traits influenced by these BED-specific familial factors could reduce the public health Burden of Obesity.
Nicola Abate - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
body fat distribution and insulin resistance
Nutrients, 2013Co-Authors: Pavankumar Patel, Nicola AbateAbstract:The Burden of Obesity has increased globally over the last few decades and its association with insulin resistance and related cardio-metabolic problems have adversely affected our ability to reduce population morbidity and mortality. Traditionally, adipose tissue in the visceral fat depot has been considered a major culprit in the development of insulin resistance. However, there is a growing body of evidence supporting the role of subcutaneous truncal/abdominal adipose tissue in the development of insulin resistance. There are significant differences in the functional characteristics of subcutaneous abdominal/truncal vs. intraabdominal vs. gluteo-femoral fat depots. More recently, mounting evidence has been supporting the role of adipose tissue function in the development of metabolic complications independent of adipose tissue volume or distribution. Decreased capacity for adipocyte differentiation and angiogenesis along with adipocyte hypertrophy can trigger a vicious cycle of inflammation leading to subcutaneous adipose tissue dysfunction and ectopic fat deposition. Therapeutic lifestyle change continues to be the most important intervention in clinical practice to improve adipose tissue function and avoid development of insulin resistance and related cardio-metabolic complications.
