The Experts below are selected from a list of 1488 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Anne S Meyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of ripeness and postharvest storage on the evolution of colour and anthocyanins in cherries prunus avium l
Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Berta Goncalves, Ana Paula Silva, Jose Moutinhopereira, Eunice Bacelar, Eduardo Rosa, Anne S MeyerAbstract:Abstract The relationship between colour parameters and anthocyanins of four sweet cherry cultivars, Burlat, Saco, Summit and Van was studied. The colour (L∗, a∗, b∗, chroma and hue angle parameters) and anthocyanins were analysed during two different years at two different ripening stages (partially ripe, and ripe, respectively). The cherries were analysed at harvest and after storage at 1.5 ± 0.5 °C and 15 ± 5 °C for 30 and 6 days, respectively. The colour was measured by tristimulus colourimetry (CIELAB system) directly on the fruits, while anthocyanins were quantified by HPLC-DAD analysis on methanolic extracts of freeze-dried samples of the fresh cherries and on the differently stored cherries. L∗, chroma, and hue angle values were always lower for the ripe than for the partially ripe cherries. All of the cultivars were found to contain cyanidin-3-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside as the major anthocyanins. The total anthocyanin content in fruits of the different cultivars varied in the order Burlat > Saco > Van > Summit. The concentration of anthocyanins increased at both temperatures of storage in both ripe and partially ripe cherries, but the extent of increase varied among cultivars. Cherries stored at 15 ± 5 °C showed higher reduction of L∗, chroma and hue angle than fruits stored at 1.5 ± 0.5 °C. L∗, a∗, b∗, chroma and hue angle correlated negatively (P
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storage affects the phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of cherries prunus avium l on human low density lipoproteins
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2004Co-Authors: Berta Goncalves, Ana Paula Silva, Eduardo Rosa, Annekatrine Regel Landbo, Mette Bruni Let, Anne S MeyerAbstract:Four sweet cherry cultivars (cvs), Burlat, Saco, Summit and Van, were analysed at harvest and after storage at 2 and 15 °C for 30 and 6 days respectively. Phenolic profiles in methanolic extracts of freeze-dried samples of the fresh and differently stored cherries were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Hydroxycinnamates dominated in all samples and represented 60–74% by weight of the phenols in the fresh and stored samples of the cvs Saco, Summit and Van, and 45% by weight of the phenols in the cv Burlat samples, which were richer in anthocyanins. The relative and total levels of hydroxycinnamates, anthocyanins, flavonols and flavan-3-ols varied among cultivars and during storage. Storage at 15 °C increased the phenol levels, particularly the cyanidin-3-rutinoside concentration. Cold storage induced decreased total phenol levels in the cvs Summit and Van but increased total phenol levels in the cvs Burlat and Saco. Phenolic cherry extracts inhibited low-density lipoprotein oxidation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Extracts of freshly harvested cherries exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activities than extracts of stored samples. The cv Summit samples had the highest antioxidant activity. Differences in the antioxidant effects of the cherry samples were positively correlated with their levels of p-coumaroylquinic acid (p < 0.1) but negatively correlated with their cyanidin-3-rutinoside levels (p < 0.05). Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
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effect of ripeness and postharvest storage on the phenolic profiles of cherries prunus avium l
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004Co-Authors: Berta Goncalves, Ana Paula Silva, Jose Moutinhopereira, Eduardo Rosa, Annekatrine Regel Landbo, David Knudsen, Anne S MeyerAbstract:The phenolic compounds hydroxycinnamates, anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols of sweet cherry cultivars Burlat, Saco, Summit, and Van harvested in 2001 and 2002 were quantified by HPLC-DAD. Phenolics were analyzed at partially ripe and ripe stages and during storage at 15 ± 5 °C (room temperature) and 1−2 °C (cool temperature). Neochlorogenic and p-coumaroylquinic acids were the main hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, but chlorogenic acid was also identified in all cultivars. The 3-glucoside and 3-rutinoside of cyanidin were the major anthocyanins. Peonidin and pelargonidin 3-rutinosides were the minor anthocyanins, and peonidin 3-glucoside was also present in cvs. Burlat and Van. Epicatechin was the main monomeric flavan-3-ol with catechin present in smaller amounts in all cultivars. The flavonol rutin was also detected. Cultivar Saco contained the highest amounts of phenolics [227 mg/100 g of fresh weight (fw)] and cv. Van the lowest (124 mg/100 g of fw). Phenolic acid contents generally decreased ...
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effect of ripeness and postharvest storage on the phenolic profiles of cherries prunus avium l
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004Co-Authors: Berta Goncalves, Ana Paula Silva, Jose Moutinhopereira, Eduardo Rosa, Annekatrine Regel Landbo, David Knudsen, Anne S MeyerAbstract:The phenolic compounds hydroxycinnamates, anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols of sweet cherry cultivars Burlat, Saco, Summit, and Van harvested in 2001 and 2002 were quantified by HPLC-DAD. Phenolics were analyzed at partially ripe and ripe stages and during storage at 15 +/- 5 degrees C (room temperature) and 1-2 degrees C (cool temperature). Neochlorogenic and p-coumaroylquinic acids were the main hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, but chlorogenic acid was also identified in all cultivars. The 3-glucoside and 3-rutinoside of cyanidin were the major anthocyanins. Peonidin and pelargonidin 3-rutinosides were the minor anthocyanins, and peonidin 3-glucoside was also present in cvs. Burlat and Van. Epicatechin was the main monomeric flavan-3-ol with catechin present in smaller amounts in all cultivars. The flavonol rutin was also detected. Cultivar Saco contained the highest amounts of phenolics [227 mg/100 g of fresh weight (fw)] and cv. Van the lowest (124 mg/100 g of fw). Phenolic acid contents generally decreased with storage at 1-2 degrees C and increased with storage at 15 +/- 5 degrees C. Anthocyanin levels increased at both storage temperatures. In cv. Van the anthocyanins increased up to 5-fold during storage at 15 +/- 5 degrees C (from 47 to 230 mg/100 g of fw). Flavonol and flavan-3-ol contents remained quite constant. For all cultivars the levels of phenolic acids were higher in 2001 and the anthocyanin levels were higher in 2002, which suggest a significant influence of climatic conditions on these compounds.
Berta Goncalves - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of ripeness and postharvest storage on the evolution of colour and anthocyanins in cherries prunus avium l
Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Berta Goncalves, Ana Paula Silva, Jose Moutinhopereira, Eunice Bacelar, Eduardo Rosa, Anne S MeyerAbstract:Abstract The relationship between colour parameters and anthocyanins of four sweet cherry cultivars, Burlat, Saco, Summit and Van was studied. The colour (L∗, a∗, b∗, chroma and hue angle parameters) and anthocyanins were analysed during two different years at two different ripening stages (partially ripe, and ripe, respectively). The cherries were analysed at harvest and after storage at 1.5 ± 0.5 °C and 15 ± 5 °C for 30 and 6 days, respectively. The colour was measured by tristimulus colourimetry (CIELAB system) directly on the fruits, while anthocyanins were quantified by HPLC-DAD analysis on methanolic extracts of freeze-dried samples of the fresh cherries and on the differently stored cherries. L∗, chroma, and hue angle values were always lower for the ripe than for the partially ripe cherries. All of the cultivars were found to contain cyanidin-3-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside as the major anthocyanins. The total anthocyanin content in fruits of the different cultivars varied in the order Burlat > Saco > Van > Summit. The concentration of anthocyanins increased at both temperatures of storage in both ripe and partially ripe cherries, but the extent of increase varied among cultivars. Cherries stored at 15 ± 5 °C showed higher reduction of L∗, chroma and hue angle than fruits stored at 1.5 ± 0.5 °C. L∗, a∗, b∗, chroma and hue angle correlated negatively (P
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scion rootstock interaction affects the physiology and fruit quality of sweet cherry
Tree Physiology, 2006Co-Authors: Berta Goncalves, Ana Paula Silva, Jose Moutinhopereira, Eunice Bacelar, Alberto Santos, Carlos Correia, Eduardo RosaAbstract:Water relations, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, light canopy transmittance, leaf photosynthetic pigments and metabolites and fruit quality indices of cherry cultivars 'Burlat', 'Summit' and 'Van' growing on five rootstocks with differing size-controlling potentials that decrease in the order: Prunus avium L. > CAB 11E > Maxma 14 > Gisela 5 > Edabriz, were studied during 2002 and 2003. Rootstock genotype affected all physiological parameters. Cherry cultivars grafted on invigorating rootstocks had higher values of midday stem water potential (Psi(MD)), net CO(2) assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (g(s)), intercellular CO(2) concentration (C(i)) and maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (F(v)/F(m)) than cultivars grafted on dwarfing rootstocks. The Psi(MD) was positively correlated with A, g(s) and C(i). Moreover, A was positively correlated with g(s), and the slopes of the linear regression increased from invigorating to dwarfing rootstocks, indicating a stronger regulation of photosynthesis by stomatal aperture in trees on dwarfing Edabriz and Gisela 5. The effect of rootstock genotype was also statistically significant for leaf photosynthetic pigments, whereas metabolite concentrations and fruit physicochemical characteristics were more dependent on cultivar genotype. Among cultivars, 'Burlat' leaves had the lowest concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, but were richest in total soluble sugars, starch and total phenols. Compared with the other cultivars, 'Summit' had heavier fruits, independent of the rootstock. 'Burlat' cherries were less firm and had lower concentrations of soluble sugars and a lower titratable acidity than 'Van' cherries. Nevertheless, 'Van' cherries had lower lightness, chroma and hue angle, representing redder and darker cherries, compared with 'Summit' fruits. In general, Psi(MD) was positively correlated with fruit mass and A was negatively correlated with lightness and chroma. These results demonstrate that: (1) water relations and photosynthesis of sweet cherry tree are mainly influenced by the rootstock genotype; (2) different physicochemical characteristics observed in cherries of the three cultivars suggest that regulation of fruit quality was mainly dependent on the cultivar genotype, although the different size-controlling rootstocks also had a significant effect.
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storage affects the phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of cherries prunus avium l on human low density lipoproteins
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2004Co-Authors: Berta Goncalves, Ana Paula Silva, Eduardo Rosa, Annekatrine Regel Landbo, Mette Bruni Let, Anne S MeyerAbstract:Four sweet cherry cultivars (cvs), Burlat, Saco, Summit and Van, were analysed at harvest and after storage at 2 and 15 °C for 30 and 6 days respectively. Phenolic profiles in methanolic extracts of freeze-dried samples of the fresh and differently stored cherries were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Hydroxycinnamates dominated in all samples and represented 60–74% by weight of the phenols in the fresh and stored samples of the cvs Saco, Summit and Van, and 45% by weight of the phenols in the cv Burlat samples, which were richer in anthocyanins. The relative and total levels of hydroxycinnamates, anthocyanins, flavonols and flavan-3-ols varied among cultivars and during storage. Storage at 15 °C increased the phenol levels, particularly the cyanidin-3-rutinoside concentration. Cold storage induced decreased total phenol levels in the cvs Summit and Van but increased total phenol levels in the cvs Burlat and Saco. Phenolic cherry extracts inhibited low-density lipoprotein oxidation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Extracts of freshly harvested cherries exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activities than extracts of stored samples. The cv Summit samples had the highest antioxidant activity. Differences in the antioxidant effects of the cherry samples were positively correlated with their levels of p-coumaroylquinic acid (p < 0.1) but negatively correlated with their cyanidin-3-rutinoside levels (p < 0.05). Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
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effect of ripeness and postharvest storage on the phenolic profiles of cherries prunus avium l
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004Co-Authors: Berta Goncalves, Ana Paula Silva, Jose Moutinhopereira, Eduardo Rosa, Annekatrine Regel Landbo, David Knudsen, Anne S MeyerAbstract:The phenolic compounds hydroxycinnamates, anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols of sweet cherry cultivars Burlat, Saco, Summit, and Van harvested in 2001 and 2002 were quantified by HPLC-DAD. Phenolics were analyzed at partially ripe and ripe stages and during storage at 15 ± 5 °C (room temperature) and 1−2 °C (cool temperature). Neochlorogenic and p-coumaroylquinic acids were the main hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, but chlorogenic acid was also identified in all cultivars. The 3-glucoside and 3-rutinoside of cyanidin were the major anthocyanins. Peonidin and pelargonidin 3-rutinosides were the minor anthocyanins, and peonidin 3-glucoside was also present in cvs. Burlat and Van. Epicatechin was the main monomeric flavan-3-ol with catechin present in smaller amounts in all cultivars. The flavonol rutin was also detected. Cultivar Saco contained the highest amounts of phenolics [227 mg/100 g of fresh weight (fw)] and cv. Van the lowest (124 mg/100 g of fw). Phenolic acid contents generally decreased ...
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effect of ripeness and postharvest storage on the phenolic profiles of cherries prunus avium l
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004Co-Authors: Berta Goncalves, Ana Paula Silva, Jose Moutinhopereira, Eduardo Rosa, Annekatrine Regel Landbo, David Knudsen, Anne S MeyerAbstract:The phenolic compounds hydroxycinnamates, anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols of sweet cherry cultivars Burlat, Saco, Summit, and Van harvested in 2001 and 2002 were quantified by HPLC-DAD. Phenolics were analyzed at partially ripe and ripe stages and during storage at 15 +/- 5 degrees C (room temperature) and 1-2 degrees C (cool temperature). Neochlorogenic and p-coumaroylquinic acids were the main hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, but chlorogenic acid was also identified in all cultivars. The 3-glucoside and 3-rutinoside of cyanidin were the major anthocyanins. Peonidin and pelargonidin 3-rutinosides were the minor anthocyanins, and peonidin 3-glucoside was also present in cvs. Burlat and Van. Epicatechin was the main monomeric flavan-3-ol with catechin present in smaller amounts in all cultivars. The flavonol rutin was also detected. Cultivar Saco contained the highest amounts of phenolics [227 mg/100 g of fresh weight (fw)] and cv. Van the lowest (124 mg/100 g of fw). Phenolic acid contents generally decreased with storage at 1-2 degrees C and increased with storage at 15 +/- 5 degrees C. Anthocyanin levels increased at both storage temperatures. In cv. Van the anthocyanins increased up to 5-fold during storage at 15 +/- 5 degrees C (from 47 to 230 mg/100 g of fw). Flavonol and flavan-3-ol contents remained quite constant. For all cultivars the levels of phenolic acids were higher in 2001 and the anthocyanin levels were higher in 2002, which suggest a significant influence of climatic conditions on these compounds.
George Fryer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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060-01: Man Field Jacketing a Dinosaur Fossil
FHSU Scholars Repository, 2021Co-Authors: George FryerAbstract:In a rocky excavated area is a large dinosaur fossil with five chisels placed upon it, in the center of the black-and-white photograph. A man dressed in bib overalls and a flat cap is in the process of plastering a portion of the fossil. By the man is a metal pail and cut pieces of wet Burlap. Right of the fossil, a shovel, spade, and pickaxes are leaning against the rocky incline of the draw. Four pieces of fossil jacketed in plaster and Burlap lie in the front center of the photo. Toward the right, sheets of Burlap hang off the rocky incline.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/sternberg_album3/1168/thumbnail.jp
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059-02: Man Jacketing Vertebrate Fossil
FHSU Scholars Repository, 2021Co-Authors: George FryerAbstract:A large vertebrate fossil with various bones exposed in a rocky excavated area is in the center of the black-and-white photograph. Left of the fossil lies a stuffed Burlap sack. A man dressed in bib overalls and a flat cap is covering a portion of the fossil with white plaster. The man is in the process of field jacketing the vertebrate fossil. Behind the man’s right leg is a metal bucket and pieces of cut Burlap lying on the rocky incline. In the upper-right corner of the photograph, various handheld tools, a pickaxe and spade, are leaning against the rocky slope.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/sternberg_album3/1166/thumbnail.jp
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032-00: George Sternberg Photo Album Number 2
FHSU Scholars Repository, 2021Co-Authors: George FryerAbstract:This page is from George Sternberg\u27s personal photo album. Three black and white photos on a black paper. The top left photo shows an excavation site of carnivore bones. The bottom left photo shows the carnivore bones wrapped in plaster and Burlap. The photo on the right shows a mounted leg of an unidentified specimen.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/sternberg_album2/1097/thumbnail.jp
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032-02: Carnivore Bones Wrapped
FHSU Scholars Repository, 2021Co-Authors: George FryerAbstract:A black and white photo of carnivore bones after being wrapped in plaster and Burlap. The bones are scattered in the foreground. There are some shovels, an axe, and a bowl in the area around the bones. A man, Charles H. Sternberg, sits a little ways behind the site where the bones are located. Buttes and other rock formations are seen in the background.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/sternberg_album2/1099/thumbnail.jp
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034-03: Hauling the Trachodon Specimen
FHSU Scholars Repository, 2021Co-Authors: George FryerAbstract:A black and white photo of a specimen being transported down from where it had been excavated in Alberta, Canada. Surrounded by rocks and outcroppings, two men are helping with a horse pulling a sled on a trail. One man stands in front of the horse holding a rein, while the other man is standing behind the horse and sled. He is holding a rope. The sled is hauling the plaster and Burlap covered specimen of a Trachodon. They are next to a large rock formation wall. Loose rocks can be seen at various places along the trail. Other outcroppings are seen in the background.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/sternberg_album2/1109/thumbnail.jp
Carlos Meragomez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a debt aware learning approach for resource adaptations in cloud elasticity management
International Conference on Service Oriented Computing, 2017Co-Authors: Carlos Meragomez, Francisco Ramirez, Rami Bahsoon, Rajkumar BuyyaAbstract:Elasticity is a cloud property that enables applications and their execution systems to dynamically acquire and release shared computational resources on demand. Moreover, it unfolds the advantage of economies of scale in the cloud through a drop in the average costs of these shared resources. However, it is still an open challenge to achieve a perfect match between resource demand and provision in autonomous elasticity management. Resource adaptation decisions essentially involve a trade-off between economics and performance, which produces a gap between the ideal and actual resource provisioning. This gap, if not properly managed, can negatively impact the aggregate utility of a cloud customer in the long run. To address this limitation, we propose a technical debt-aware learning approach for autonomous elasticity management based on a reinforcement learning of debts in resource provisioning; the adaptation pursues strategic decisions that values the potential utility produced by the gaps between resource supply and demand. We extend CloudSim and Burlap to evaluate our approach. The evaluation indicates that a debt-aware elasticity management obtains a higher utility for a cloud customer, while conforming expected levels of performance.
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a debt aware learning approach for resource adaptations in cloud elasticity management
arXiv: Software Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Carlos Meragomez, Francisco Ramirez, Rami Bahsoon, Rajkumar BuyyaAbstract:Elasticity is a cloud property that enables applications and its execution systems to dynamically acquire and release shared computational resources on demand. Moreover, it unfolds the advantage of economies of scale in the cloud through a drop in the average costs of these shared resources. However, it is still an open challenge to achieve a perfect match between resource demand and provision in autonomous elasticity management. Resource adaptation decisions essentially involve a trade-off between economics and performance, which produces a gap between the ideal and actual resource provisioning. This gap, if not properly managed, can negatively impact the aggregate utility of a cloud customer in the long run. To address this limitation, we propose a technical debt-aware learning approach for autonomous elasticity management based on a reinforcement learning of elasticity debts in resource provisioning; the adaptation pursues strategic decisions that trades off economics against performance. We extend CloudSim and Burlap to evaluate our approach. The evaluation shows that a reinforcement learning of technical debts in elasticity obtains a higher utility for a cloud customer, while conforming expected levels of performance.
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a debt aware learning approach for resource adaptations in cloud elasticity management
Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 2017Co-Authors: Carlos Meragomez, Francisco Ramirez, Rami Bahsoon, Rajkumar BuyyaAbstract:© Springer International Publishing AG 2017. Elasticity is a cloud property that enables applications and their execution systems to dynamically acquire and release shared computational resources on demand. Moreover, it unfolds the advantage of economies of scale in the cloud through a drop in the average costs of these shared resources. However, it is still an open challenge to achieve a perfect match between resource demand and provision in autonomous elasticity management. Resource adaptation decisions essentially involve a trade-off between economics and performance, which produces a gap between the ideal and actual resource provisioning. This gap, if not properly managed, can negatively impact the aggregate utility of a cloud customer in the long run. To address this limitation, we propose a technical debt-aware learning approach for autonomous elasticity management based on a reinforcement learning of debts in resource provisioning; the adaptation pursues strategic decisions that values the potential utility produced by the gaps between resource supply and demand. We extend CloudSim and Burlap to evaluate our approach. The evaluation indicates that a debt-aware elasticity management obtains a higher utility for a cloud customer, while conforming expected levels of performance.
Eduardo Rosa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of ripeness and postharvest storage on the evolution of colour and anthocyanins in cherries prunus avium l
Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Berta Goncalves, Ana Paula Silva, Jose Moutinhopereira, Eunice Bacelar, Eduardo Rosa, Anne S MeyerAbstract:Abstract The relationship between colour parameters and anthocyanins of four sweet cherry cultivars, Burlat, Saco, Summit and Van was studied. The colour (L∗, a∗, b∗, chroma and hue angle parameters) and anthocyanins were analysed during two different years at two different ripening stages (partially ripe, and ripe, respectively). The cherries were analysed at harvest and after storage at 1.5 ± 0.5 °C and 15 ± 5 °C for 30 and 6 days, respectively. The colour was measured by tristimulus colourimetry (CIELAB system) directly on the fruits, while anthocyanins were quantified by HPLC-DAD analysis on methanolic extracts of freeze-dried samples of the fresh cherries and on the differently stored cherries. L∗, chroma, and hue angle values were always lower for the ripe than for the partially ripe cherries. All of the cultivars were found to contain cyanidin-3-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside as the major anthocyanins. The total anthocyanin content in fruits of the different cultivars varied in the order Burlat > Saco > Van > Summit. The concentration of anthocyanins increased at both temperatures of storage in both ripe and partially ripe cherries, but the extent of increase varied among cultivars. Cherries stored at 15 ± 5 °C showed higher reduction of L∗, chroma and hue angle than fruits stored at 1.5 ± 0.5 °C. L∗, a∗, b∗, chroma and hue angle correlated negatively (P
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scion rootstock interaction affects the physiology and fruit quality of sweet cherry
Tree Physiology, 2006Co-Authors: Berta Goncalves, Ana Paula Silva, Jose Moutinhopereira, Eunice Bacelar, Alberto Santos, Carlos Correia, Eduardo RosaAbstract:Water relations, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, light canopy transmittance, leaf photosynthetic pigments and metabolites and fruit quality indices of cherry cultivars 'Burlat', 'Summit' and 'Van' growing on five rootstocks with differing size-controlling potentials that decrease in the order: Prunus avium L. > CAB 11E > Maxma 14 > Gisela 5 > Edabriz, were studied during 2002 and 2003. Rootstock genotype affected all physiological parameters. Cherry cultivars grafted on invigorating rootstocks had higher values of midday stem water potential (Psi(MD)), net CO(2) assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (g(s)), intercellular CO(2) concentration (C(i)) and maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (F(v)/F(m)) than cultivars grafted on dwarfing rootstocks. The Psi(MD) was positively correlated with A, g(s) and C(i). Moreover, A was positively correlated with g(s), and the slopes of the linear regression increased from invigorating to dwarfing rootstocks, indicating a stronger regulation of photosynthesis by stomatal aperture in trees on dwarfing Edabriz and Gisela 5. The effect of rootstock genotype was also statistically significant for leaf photosynthetic pigments, whereas metabolite concentrations and fruit physicochemical characteristics were more dependent on cultivar genotype. Among cultivars, 'Burlat' leaves had the lowest concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, but were richest in total soluble sugars, starch and total phenols. Compared with the other cultivars, 'Summit' had heavier fruits, independent of the rootstock. 'Burlat' cherries were less firm and had lower concentrations of soluble sugars and a lower titratable acidity than 'Van' cherries. Nevertheless, 'Van' cherries had lower lightness, chroma and hue angle, representing redder and darker cherries, compared with 'Summit' fruits. In general, Psi(MD) was positively correlated with fruit mass and A was negatively correlated with lightness and chroma. These results demonstrate that: (1) water relations and photosynthesis of sweet cherry tree are mainly influenced by the rootstock genotype; (2) different physicochemical characteristics observed in cherries of the three cultivars suggest that regulation of fruit quality was mainly dependent on the cultivar genotype, although the different size-controlling rootstocks also had a significant effect.
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storage affects the phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of cherries prunus avium l on human low density lipoproteins
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2004Co-Authors: Berta Goncalves, Ana Paula Silva, Eduardo Rosa, Annekatrine Regel Landbo, Mette Bruni Let, Anne S MeyerAbstract:Four sweet cherry cultivars (cvs), Burlat, Saco, Summit and Van, were analysed at harvest and after storage at 2 and 15 °C for 30 and 6 days respectively. Phenolic profiles in methanolic extracts of freeze-dried samples of the fresh and differently stored cherries were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Hydroxycinnamates dominated in all samples and represented 60–74% by weight of the phenols in the fresh and stored samples of the cvs Saco, Summit and Van, and 45% by weight of the phenols in the cv Burlat samples, which were richer in anthocyanins. The relative and total levels of hydroxycinnamates, anthocyanins, flavonols and flavan-3-ols varied among cultivars and during storage. Storage at 15 °C increased the phenol levels, particularly the cyanidin-3-rutinoside concentration. Cold storage induced decreased total phenol levels in the cvs Summit and Van but increased total phenol levels in the cvs Burlat and Saco. Phenolic cherry extracts inhibited low-density lipoprotein oxidation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Extracts of freshly harvested cherries exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activities than extracts of stored samples. The cv Summit samples had the highest antioxidant activity. Differences in the antioxidant effects of the cherry samples were positively correlated with their levels of p-coumaroylquinic acid (p < 0.1) but negatively correlated with their cyanidin-3-rutinoside levels (p < 0.05). Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
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effect of ripeness and postharvest storage on the phenolic profiles of cherries prunus avium l
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004Co-Authors: Berta Goncalves, Ana Paula Silva, Jose Moutinhopereira, Eduardo Rosa, Annekatrine Regel Landbo, David Knudsen, Anne S MeyerAbstract:The phenolic compounds hydroxycinnamates, anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols of sweet cherry cultivars Burlat, Saco, Summit, and Van harvested in 2001 and 2002 were quantified by HPLC-DAD. Phenolics were analyzed at partially ripe and ripe stages and during storage at 15 ± 5 °C (room temperature) and 1−2 °C (cool temperature). Neochlorogenic and p-coumaroylquinic acids were the main hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, but chlorogenic acid was also identified in all cultivars. The 3-glucoside and 3-rutinoside of cyanidin were the major anthocyanins. Peonidin and pelargonidin 3-rutinosides were the minor anthocyanins, and peonidin 3-glucoside was also present in cvs. Burlat and Van. Epicatechin was the main monomeric flavan-3-ol with catechin present in smaller amounts in all cultivars. The flavonol rutin was also detected. Cultivar Saco contained the highest amounts of phenolics [227 mg/100 g of fresh weight (fw)] and cv. Van the lowest (124 mg/100 g of fw). Phenolic acid contents generally decreased ...
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effect of ripeness and postharvest storage on the phenolic profiles of cherries prunus avium l
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004Co-Authors: Berta Goncalves, Ana Paula Silva, Jose Moutinhopereira, Eduardo Rosa, Annekatrine Regel Landbo, David Knudsen, Anne S MeyerAbstract:The phenolic compounds hydroxycinnamates, anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols of sweet cherry cultivars Burlat, Saco, Summit, and Van harvested in 2001 and 2002 were quantified by HPLC-DAD. Phenolics were analyzed at partially ripe and ripe stages and during storage at 15 +/- 5 degrees C (room temperature) and 1-2 degrees C (cool temperature). Neochlorogenic and p-coumaroylquinic acids were the main hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, but chlorogenic acid was also identified in all cultivars. The 3-glucoside and 3-rutinoside of cyanidin were the major anthocyanins. Peonidin and pelargonidin 3-rutinosides were the minor anthocyanins, and peonidin 3-glucoside was also present in cvs. Burlat and Van. Epicatechin was the main monomeric flavan-3-ol with catechin present in smaller amounts in all cultivars. The flavonol rutin was also detected. Cultivar Saco contained the highest amounts of phenolics [227 mg/100 g of fresh weight (fw)] and cv. Van the lowest (124 mg/100 g of fw). Phenolic acid contents generally decreased with storage at 1-2 degrees C and increased with storage at 15 +/- 5 degrees C. Anthocyanin levels increased at both storage temperatures. In cv. Van the anthocyanins increased up to 5-fold during storage at 15 +/- 5 degrees C (from 47 to 230 mg/100 g of fw). Flavonol and flavan-3-ol contents remained quite constant. For all cultivars the levels of phenolic acids were higher in 2001 and the anthocyanin levels were higher in 2002, which suggest a significant influence of climatic conditions on these compounds.
