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Koike Takayoshi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of biochar and litter on Water Relations of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) seedlings
2020Co-Authors: Fujita Saki, Watanabe Hanami, Marozas Vitas, Tamai Yukata, Satoh Fuyuki, Koike TakayoshiAbstract:Biochar is gaining increasing attention in the fields of forest rehabilitation, agriculture, etc. For evaluating biochar application to improve the rhizosphere environment of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) at harsh coastal environments, a pot experiment was carried out with a focus on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis and Water Relations of seedlings. Another characteristic recently observed at coastal forests is the invasion of the locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), which can potentially increase soil nitrogen. In this study, four treatments were examined (biochar addition, litter addition, biochar and litter addition, and no addition [control]) to determine the effects of biochar and/or nitrogen-rich locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) litter application. Although effects of biochar and litter addition were not observed on ECM symbiosis rate and species composition, treatments with biochar addition, maintained xylem Water potential (XWP) of needles for up to 2 weeks without irrigation, independent of litter addition. As biochar increased relative fine root biomass (fine root biomass/total root biomass), it can be considered that biochar was able to maintain needle XWP through increasing the relative amount of fine roots that can obtain Water. Overall, these findings suggest that biochar application can help to maintain Water Relations of Japanese black pine by enhancing fine root growthMiškų ir ekologijos fakultetasProj. "Vilko ekologijos tyrimai"Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij
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Effects of biochar and litter on Water Relations of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) seedlings
'Informa UK Limited', 2020Co-Authors: Fujita Saki, Watanabe Hanami, Marozas Vitas, Tamai Yukata, Satoh Fuyuki, Koike TakayoshiAbstract:Biochar is gaining increasing attention in the fields of forest rehabilitation, agriculture, etc. For evaluating biochar application to improve the rhizosphere environment of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) at harsh coastal environments, a pot experiment was carried out with a focus on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis and Water Relations of seedlings. Another characteristic recently observed at coastal forests is the invasion of the locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), which can potentially increase soil nitrogen. In this study, four treatments were examined (biochar addition, litter addition, biochar and litter addition, and no addition [control]) to determine the effects of biochar and/or nitrogen-rich locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) litter application. Although effects of biochar and litter addition were not observed on ECM symbiosis rate and species composition, treatments with biochar addition, maintained xylem Water potential (XWP) of needles for up to 2 weeks without irrigation, independent of litter addition. As biochar increased relative fine root biomass (fine root biomass/total root biomass), it can be considered that biochar was able to maintain needle XWP through increasing the relative amount of fine roots that can obtain Water. Overall, these findings suggest that biochar application can help to maintain Water Relations of Japanese black pine by enhancing fine root growthMiškų ir ekologijos fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta
A Torrecillas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of rootstock on pistachio pistacia vera l cv kerman Water Relations
Agricultural Water Management, 2018Co-Authors: Alfonso Moriana, H Memmi, Ana Centeno, M J Martinpalomo, M Corell, A Torrecillas, D PerezlopezAbstract:Abstract Selecting the rootstock in pistachio orchards is one of the most critical decisions, mainly in conditions of Water scarcity. However, there are a few works that report the response of pistachio to Water stress according to rootstock. Nowadays, UCB-I is one of the most important rootstock around the world. However, its commercial availability and high prices favour the selection of Pistacia terebinthus L. or Pistacia atlantica Desf. in some regions. The aim of this work is to study the Water Relations of these three rootstocks using cv Kerman as scion. Thirty pots, in the second year after budding, were subjected to a 28-days Water stress period in outdoor conditions. Irrigation was stopped in the Water stress treatments during all the 28 days period. The vegetative response was characterised at the end of the experiment. The diameter of the rootstock and scion, number of leaves and the percentage of leaves, trunk and root were measured. Along the experiment Water Relations parameters such as midday Water potential and midday leaf conductance was measured. In order to compare the effect of rootstock and Water stress pressure-volume curves were measured before and after the Water stress period. Data of vegetative growth suggest that UCB-I was the rootstock less affected for Water stress, because these data were not clearly affected. However, Water Relations parameters suggest that P. atlantica was the most resistant to Water stress conditions, according to the results derivate from the pressure-volume curves. Possible mechanisms of response to Water stress are discussed.
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low Water stress conditions in table olive trees olea europaea l during pit hardening produced a different response of fruit and leaf Water Relations
Agricultural Water Management, 2012Co-Authors: J M Dellamico, Alfonso Moriana, M Corell, A Torrecillas, I F Giron, D Morales, F MorenoAbstract:Abstract The scarcity of Water for agricultural use is producing a generalization of deficit irrigations in most of the fruit trees. Regulated deficit irrigation in olive trees is scheduled with a period of Water stress during the pit hardening phase with low or, even, no decrease in yield. During this phenological stage, fruit is a great sink of assimilates and competes with vegetative growth, producing a significant change in the Water relation of the tree. The aim of this work is to study the Water Relations in leaves and fruits in a period of drought during the phenological stage of pit hardening in a mature (43-year-old) table olive orchard. Water Relations of leaves and fruits were compared between a Control of fully irrigated trees and Stressed trees (with a period of drought from 1 week after the beginning of pit hardening until 1 week before harvest). The Water stress conditions were considered as low level, according with the stem Water potential data. Leaf Water Relations were quickly affected with a reduction of midday stem Water potential and turgor pressure at 14 days after the beginning of the drought (DABD). Leaf osmotic adjustment was measured only at the end of the drought cycle (63 DABD). On the other hand, fruit Water Relations were affected slowly and only osmotic potential was reduced at 14 DABD. Such variations produced a change in the source of Water flow from xylem to phloem according to the variations in leaf–fruit Water potential. The pattern of adaptation of leaves and fruit during the drought cycle and the Relationship between them is discussed.
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effects of Water stress and night temperature preconditioning on Water Relations and morphological and anatomical changes of lotus creticus plants
Scientia Horticulturae, 2004Co-Authors: S Banon, A Torrecillas, J A Fernandez, J A Franco, J J Alarcon, Maria Jesus SanchezblancoAbstract:The Water Relations and anatomical and morphological changes of Lotus creticus sub. creticus seedlings to two irrigation treatments (Water stress and control) and temperature (unheated and night-heated greenhouse) was investigated in nursery conditions. Shoot and root growth, leaf stomatal density, leaf trichome density, xylem vessels in roots and stems and Water Relations were studied because of their relation with drought resistance. Water stress led to substantial losses in dry weight, leaf area, root dry weight and length. The limited osmotic adjustment reached by the plants may not maintain leaf turgor and growth. In general deficit irrigation produced Lotus plants with greater leaf trichome densities and number of xylem vessels of stems and roots. Night-time heating had little influence on these aspects, temperature reduced leaf Water potential of Water stressed plants but had no effect on well-Watered plants. Deficit irrigation under nursery conditions induced a suite of morphological and physiological adaptations (reduction in leaf area, development of osmotic adjustment, increments of leaf hairs and number of xylem vessels of stem and roots) that might allow a considerable capacity to adapt to adverse conditions after transplanting.
Fujita Saki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of biochar and litter on Water Relations of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) seedlings
2020Co-Authors: Fujita Saki, Watanabe Hanami, Marozas Vitas, Tamai Yukata, Satoh Fuyuki, Koike TakayoshiAbstract:Biochar is gaining increasing attention in the fields of forest rehabilitation, agriculture, etc. For evaluating biochar application to improve the rhizosphere environment of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) at harsh coastal environments, a pot experiment was carried out with a focus on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis and Water Relations of seedlings. Another characteristic recently observed at coastal forests is the invasion of the locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), which can potentially increase soil nitrogen. In this study, four treatments were examined (biochar addition, litter addition, biochar and litter addition, and no addition [control]) to determine the effects of biochar and/or nitrogen-rich locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) litter application. Although effects of biochar and litter addition were not observed on ECM symbiosis rate and species composition, treatments with biochar addition, maintained xylem Water potential (XWP) of needles for up to 2 weeks without irrigation, independent of litter addition. As biochar increased relative fine root biomass (fine root biomass/total root biomass), it can be considered that biochar was able to maintain needle XWP through increasing the relative amount of fine roots that can obtain Water. Overall, these findings suggest that biochar application can help to maintain Water Relations of Japanese black pine by enhancing fine root growthMiškų ir ekologijos fakultetasProj. "Vilko ekologijos tyrimai"Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij
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Effects of biochar and litter on Water Relations of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) seedlings
'Informa UK Limited', 2020Co-Authors: Fujita Saki, Watanabe Hanami, Marozas Vitas, Tamai Yukata, Satoh Fuyuki, Koike TakayoshiAbstract:Biochar is gaining increasing attention in the fields of forest rehabilitation, agriculture, etc. For evaluating biochar application to improve the rhizosphere environment of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) at harsh coastal environments, a pot experiment was carried out with a focus on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis and Water Relations of seedlings. Another characteristic recently observed at coastal forests is the invasion of the locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), which can potentially increase soil nitrogen. In this study, four treatments were examined (biochar addition, litter addition, biochar and litter addition, and no addition [control]) to determine the effects of biochar and/or nitrogen-rich locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) litter application. Although effects of biochar and litter addition were not observed on ECM symbiosis rate and species composition, treatments with biochar addition, maintained xylem Water potential (XWP) of needles for up to 2 weeks without irrigation, independent of litter addition. As biochar increased relative fine root biomass (fine root biomass/total root biomass), it can be considered that biochar was able to maintain needle XWP through increasing the relative amount of fine roots that can obtain Water. Overall, these findings suggest that biochar application can help to maintain Water Relations of Japanese black pine by enhancing fine root growthMiškų ir ekologijos fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta
Richard J Norby - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Plant Water Relations at elevated CO2 -- implications for Water-limited environments.
Plant Cell and Environment, 2002Co-Authors: Stan D Wullschleger, Timothy J Tschaplinski, Richard J NorbyAbstract:Long-term exposure of plants to elevated [CO 2 ] leads to a number of growth and physiological effects, many of which are interpreted in the context of ameliorating the negative impacts of drought. However, despite considerable study, a clear picture in terms of the influence of elevated [CO 2 ] on plant Water Relations and the role that these effects play in determining the response of plants to elevated [CO 2 ] under Water-limited conditions has been slow to emerge. In this paper, four areas of research are examined that represent critical, yet uncertain, themes related to the response of plants to elevated [CO 2 ] and drought. These include (1) fine-root proliferation and implications for whole-plant Water uptake; (2) enhanced Water-use efficiency and consequences for drought tolerance; (3) reductions in stomatal conductance and impacts on leaf Water potential; and (4) solute accumulation, osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance of leaves. A survey of the literature indicates that the growth of plants at elevated [CO 2 ] can lead to conditions whereby plants maintain higher (less negative) leaf Water potentials. The mechanisms that contribute to this effect are not fully known, although CO 2 -induced reductions in stomatal conductance, increases in whole-plant hydraulic conductance and osmotic adjustment may be important. Less understood are the interactive effects of elevated [CO 2 ] and drought on fine-root production and Water-use efficiency, and the contribution of these processes to plant growth in Water-limited environments. Increases in Water-use efficiency and reductions in Water use can contribute to enhanced soil Water content under elevated [CO 2 ]. Herbaceous crops and grasslands are most responsive in this regard. The conservation of soil Water at elevated [CO 2 ] in other systems has been less studied, but in terms of maintaining growth or carbon gain during drought, the benefits of CO 2 -induced improvements in soil Water content appear relatively minor. Nonetheless, because even small effects of elevated [CO 2 ] on plant and soil Water Relations can have important implications for ecosystems, we conclude that this area of research deserves continued investigation. Future studies that focus on cellular mechanisms of plant response to elevated [CO 2 ] and drought are needed, as are whole-plant investigations that emphasize the integration of processes throughout the soil‐plant‐ atmosphere continuum. We suggest that the hydraulic principles that govern Water transport provide an integrating framework that would allow CO 2 -induced changes in stomatal conductance, leaf Water potential, root growth and other processes to be uniquely evaluated within the context of whole-plant hydraulic conductance and Water transport efficiency.
Jayne M Zajicek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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plant Water Relations of nacl and calcium treated sunflower plants
Environmental and Experimental Botany, 1999Co-Authors: Donna Sohan, Richard L Jasoni, Jayne M ZajicekAbstract:Abstract Salinity has been shown to alter a number of physiological processes, including the plant–Water Relations of some crop species. We examined the initial effects of NaCl salinity on the plant–Water Relations of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and the potential of calcium supplements to ameliorate those effects. Sunflower plants were grown in a controlled-environment and treated solely with 0, 50, 100, or 150 mM of NaCl or the same rates of NaCl plus 10 mM Ca+2. Increasing salinity levels significantly decreased stomatal conductance in the 100 and 150 mM treatments compared to the control and 50 mM treatments, produced significantly more negative Water potentials in the 100 and 150 mM treatments compared to the control, and significantly decreased root hydraulic conductance in all treatments compared to the control. Calcium supplements did not ameliorate the adverse effects of NaCl. Our experiments indicated that short-term NaCl stress can alter the plant–Water Relations of sunflower and that calcium supplements of 10 mM do not ameliorate these effects.
