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Katja Kojo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk factors for skin cancer among finnish airline Cabin Crew
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2013Co-Authors: Mika Helminen, Katja Kojo, Eero Pukkala, Anssi AuvinenAbstract:Increased incidence of skin cancers among airline Cabin Crew has been reported in several studies. We evaluated whether the difference in risk factor prevalence between Finnish airline Cabin Crew and the general population could explain the increased incidence of skin cancers among Cabin Crew, and the possible contribution of estimated occupational cosmic radiation exposure. A self-administered questionnaire survey on occupational, host, and ultraviolet radiation exposure factors was conducted among female Cabin Crew members and females presenting the general population. The impact of occupational cosmic radiation dose was estimated in a separate nested case-control analysis among the participating Cabin Crew (with 9 melanoma and 35 basal cell carcinoma cases). No considerable difference in the prevalence of risk factors of skin cancer was found between the Cabin Crew (N = 702) and the general population subjects (N = 1007) participating the study. The mean risk score based on all the conventional skin cancer risk factors was 1.43 for Cabin Crew and 1.44 for general population (P = 0.24). Among the Cabin Crew, the estimated cumulative cosmic radiation dose was not related to the increased skin cancer risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57-1.00]. The highest plausible risk of skin cancer for estimated cosmic radiation dose was estimated as 9% per 10 mSv. The skin cancer cases had higher host characteristics scores than the non-cases among Cabin Crew (adjusted OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01-2.04). Our results indicate no difference between the female Cabin Crew and the general female population in the prevalence of factors generally associated with incidence of skin cancer. Exposure to cosmic radiation did not explain the excess of skin cancer among the studied Cabin Crew in this study.
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Cancer incidence among Nordic airline Cabin Crew
International Journal of Cancer, 2012Co-Authors: Eero Pukkala, Mika Helminen, Katja Kojo, Anette Linnersjö, N Hammar, Hrafn Tulinius, Vilhjalmur Rafnsson, Tor Haldorsen, Ulf TvetenAbstract:Airline Cabin Crew are occupationally exposed to cosmic radiation and jet lag with potential disruption of circadian rhythms. This study assesses the influence of work-related factors in cancer incidence of Cabin Crew members. A cohort of 8,507 female and 1,559 male airline Cabin attendants from Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden was followed for cancer incidence for a mean follow-up time of 23.6 years through the national cancer registries. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were defined as ratios of observed and expected numbers of cases. A case-control study nested in the cohort (excluding Norway) was conducted to assess the relation between the estimated cumulative cosmic radiation dose and cumulative number of flights crossing six time zones (indicator of circadian disruption) and cancer risk. Analysis of breast cancer was adjusted for parity and age at first live birth. Among female Cabin Crew, a significantly increased incidence was observed for breast cancer [SIR 1.50, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.32-1.69], leukemia (1.89, 95% CI 1.03-3.17) and skin melanoma (1.85, 95% CI 1.41-2.38). Among men, significant excesses in skin melanoma (3.00, 95% CI 1.78-4.74), nonmelanoma skin cancer (2.47, 95% CI 1.18-4.53), Kaposi sarcoma (86.0, 95% CI 41.2-158) and alcohol-related cancers (combined SIR 3.12, 95% CI 1.95-4.72) were found. This large study with complete follow-up and comprehensive cancer incidence data shows an increased incidence of several cancers, but according to the case-control analysis, excesses appear not to be related to the cosmic radiation or circadian disruptions from crossing multiple time zones. Copyright © 2012 UICC.
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estimating the cosmic radiation dose for a Cabin Crew with flight timetables
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Katja Kojo, Mika Helminen, Gerhard Leuthold, Rafael Aspholm, Anssi AuvinenAbstract:Objective: Because of the lack of recorded flight history for Cabin Crew, a retrospective assessment of exposure to cosmic radiation is complicated. Our aim was to develop an assessment method for occupational exposure based on flight timetables. Methods: The frequency of flights, aircraft types, and flight profiles from timetables were collected. The cosmic radiation dose was calculated with the EPCARD software. Based on annual doses and work history, the cumulative dose was estimated. Results: The annual dose increased linearly: 0.7 milliSievert (mSv) in 1960, 1.6 mSv in 1980, 2.3 mSv in 1985, and 2.1 mSv in 1995. The median cumulative dose was 20.8 mSv (minimum 0.4 mSv, maximum 61.6 mSv). Conclusions: This method provides a simple algorithm for occupational dose assessment for Cabin Crew and can be used in other research settings as well.
Anssi Auvinen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk factors for skin cancer among finnish airline Cabin Crew
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2013Co-Authors: Mika Helminen, Katja Kojo, Eero Pukkala, Anssi AuvinenAbstract:Increased incidence of skin cancers among airline Cabin Crew has been reported in several studies. We evaluated whether the difference in risk factor prevalence between Finnish airline Cabin Crew and the general population could explain the increased incidence of skin cancers among Cabin Crew, and the possible contribution of estimated occupational cosmic radiation exposure. A self-administered questionnaire survey on occupational, host, and ultraviolet radiation exposure factors was conducted among female Cabin Crew members and females presenting the general population. The impact of occupational cosmic radiation dose was estimated in a separate nested case-control analysis among the participating Cabin Crew (with 9 melanoma and 35 basal cell carcinoma cases). No considerable difference in the prevalence of risk factors of skin cancer was found between the Cabin Crew (N = 702) and the general population subjects (N = 1007) participating the study. The mean risk score based on all the conventional skin cancer risk factors was 1.43 for Cabin Crew and 1.44 for general population (P = 0.24). Among the Cabin Crew, the estimated cumulative cosmic radiation dose was not related to the increased skin cancer risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57-1.00]. The highest plausible risk of skin cancer for estimated cosmic radiation dose was estimated as 9% per 10 mSv. The skin cancer cases had higher host characteristics scores than the non-cases among Cabin Crew (adjusted OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01-2.04). Our results indicate no difference between the female Cabin Crew and the general female population in the prevalence of factors generally associated with incidence of skin cancer. Exposure to cosmic radiation did not explain the excess of skin cancer among the studied Cabin Crew in this study.
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estimating the cosmic radiation dose for a Cabin Crew with flight timetables
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Katja Kojo, Mika Helminen, Gerhard Leuthold, Rafael Aspholm, Anssi AuvinenAbstract:Objective: Because of the lack of recorded flight history for Cabin Crew, a retrospective assessment of exposure to cosmic radiation is complicated. Our aim was to develop an assessment method for occupational exposure based on flight timetables. Methods: The frequency of flights, aircraft types, and flight profiles from timetables were collected. The cosmic radiation dose was calculated with the EPCARD software. Based on annual doses and work history, the cumulative dose was estimated. Results: The annual dose increased linearly: 0.7 milliSievert (mSv) in 1960, 1.6 mSv in 1980, 2.3 mSv in 1985, and 2.1 mSv in 1995. The median cumulative dose was 20.8 mSv (minimum 0.4 mSv, maximum 61.6 mSv). Conclusions: This method provides a simple algorithm for occupational dose assessment for Cabin Crew and can be used in other research settings as well.
Hajo Zeeb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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estimated radiation exposure of german commercial airline Cabin Crew in the years 1960 2003 modeled using dose registry data for 2004 2015
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, 2018Co-Authors: Daniel Wollschlager, Maria Blettner, Hajo Zeeb, Gael P Hammer, Thomas Schafft, Steffen DregerAbstract:Exposure to ionizing radiation of cosmic origin is an occupational risk factor in commercial airCrew. In a historic cohort of 26,774 German airCrew, radiation exposure was previously estimated only for cockpit Crew using a job-exposure matrix (JEM). Here, a new method for retrospectively estimating Cabin Crew dose is developed. The German Federal Radiation Registry (SSR) documents individual monthly effective doses for all airCrew. SSR-provided doses on 12,941 airCrew from 2004 to 2015 were used to model Cabin Crew dose as a function of age, sex, job category, solar activity, and male pilots' dose; the mean annual effective dose was 2.25 mSv (range 0.01–6.39 mSv). In addition to an inverse association with solar activity, exposure followed age- and sex-dependent patterns related to individual career development and life phases. JEM-derived annual cockpit Crew doses agreed with SSR-provided doses for 2004 (correlation 0.90, 0.40 mSv root mean squared error), while the estimated average annual effective dose for Cabin Crew had a prediction error of 0.16 mSv, equaling 7.2% of average annual dose. Past average annual Cabin Crew dose can be modeled by exploiting systematic external influences as well as individual behavioral determinants of radiation exposure, thereby enabling future dose–response analyses of the full airCrew cohort including measurement error information.
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Prevalence of risk factors for breast cancer in German airline Cabin Crew: a cross-sectional study
Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 2014Co-Authors: Mareen Winter, Maria Blettner, Hajo ZeebAbstract:BackgroundMany epidemiological studies point to an increased risk of breast cancer among female airline Cabin Crew. Possible causes include occupational factors (e.g. cosmic radiation exposure, chronodisruption), as well as lifestyle and reproductive factors.AimsTo investigate the frequency of various risk factors in German flight attendants which are recognised to be associated with breast cancer.Methods2708 current and former female Cabin Crew were randomly selected by a flight attendants’ union and mailed a questionnaire; 1311 responded (48% response). Descriptive statistics were used to compare the distribution of breast cancer risk factors with general German population data.ResultsOn average, Cabin Crew were 3.0 cm (95% CI 2.7-3.3) taller than the comparison group, while their body mass index was 2.5 kg/m2 (95% CI 2.4-2.6) lower. We found less use of hormone replacement therapy, but longer average use of oral contraceptives. Nulliparity among respondents aged 45+ was 57% (95% CI 54%-60%) compared to 16%. Average age at first birth was 32.1 years (95% CI 31.7-32.4) vs. 25.5 years. The birth rate was 0.62 (95% CI 0.58-0.67), less than half the population average of 1.34. Alcohol consumption was considerably higher, whereas Cabin Crew tended to smoke less and performed more physical exercise.ConclusionWe found important differences in terms of anthropometric, gynaecological, reproductive and lifestyle factors. Some of these differences (e.g. higher nulliparity, alcohol consumption, taller size) could contribute to a higher breast cancer risk, whereas others could lead to a reduction (e.g. increased physical exercise, lower BMI, less HRT use).
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mortality among pilots and Cabin Crew in greece 1960 1997
International Journal of Epidemiology, 2003Co-Authors: A Paridou, Maria Blettner, Hajo Zeeb, E Velonakis, Ingo Langner, Anastasia TzonouAbstract:Results For cockpit Crew, the overall SMR was 0.7 (n = 65, 95% CI: 0.5‐0.9). The SMR for all cancers was also significantly decreased (n = 17; SMR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.3‐0.9). Most of this reduction was due to a large deficit in lung cancer deaths (SMR = 0.1; 95% CI: 0.0‐0.5). Slight but non-significant increases were noted for brain and liver cancer. The SMR for cardiovascular death was close to unity. Among female Cabin attendants the SMR for all causes was 0.8 (95% CI: 0.4‐1.3). The SMR for all cancers was 0.8 (95% CI: 0.3‐1.7). Mortality from breast cancer was not increased. Among male Cabin Crew, SMR for all causes was 0.5 (95% CI: 0.3‐0.9). Analyses according to duration of employment showed no pattern. Conclusions In this first-ever occupational cohort study in Greece, Greek airCrew had a low overall and cancer mortality. Due to the small number of events, the strength of our study is limited. The Greek data will be included in a pooled analysis of European studies.
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Epidemiological Studies Among Pilots and Cabin Crew
Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 1999Co-Authors: Maria Blettner, Hajo ZeebAbstract:Epidemiological studies of airline Crew did not receive much attention until the beginning of this decade. Since 1990, a number of epidemiological studies of airCrews in civil or military aviation have been published. The results of these studies will be summarised and reviewed. The difficulties of epidemiological studies relating to the low exposures experienced by airCrew will be described; they include problems of low statistical power to detect any radiation effect, the availability of a valid comparison population, and the importance of taking into consideration relevant confounder variables. A European project to investigate cancer risk and other causes of mortality of flight personnel in civil aviation in relation to occupational factors is presented. Historical cohort studies are being performed in the participating countries and a join analysis of the data is anticipated. The results of the pooled analysis are expected in 2001.
Mika Helminen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk factors for skin cancer among finnish airline Cabin Crew
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2013Co-Authors: Mika Helminen, Katja Kojo, Eero Pukkala, Anssi AuvinenAbstract:Increased incidence of skin cancers among airline Cabin Crew has been reported in several studies. We evaluated whether the difference in risk factor prevalence between Finnish airline Cabin Crew and the general population could explain the increased incidence of skin cancers among Cabin Crew, and the possible contribution of estimated occupational cosmic radiation exposure. A self-administered questionnaire survey on occupational, host, and ultraviolet radiation exposure factors was conducted among female Cabin Crew members and females presenting the general population. The impact of occupational cosmic radiation dose was estimated in a separate nested case-control analysis among the participating Cabin Crew (with 9 melanoma and 35 basal cell carcinoma cases). No considerable difference in the prevalence of risk factors of skin cancer was found between the Cabin Crew (N = 702) and the general population subjects (N = 1007) participating the study. The mean risk score based on all the conventional skin cancer risk factors was 1.43 for Cabin Crew and 1.44 for general population (P = 0.24). Among the Cabin Crew, the estimated cumulative cosmic radiation dose was not related to the increased skin cancer risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57-1.00]. The highest plausible risk of skin cancer for estimated cosmic radiation dose was estimated as 9% per 10 mSv. The skin cancer cases had higher host characteristics scores than the non-cases among Cabin Crew (adjusted OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01-2.04). Our results indicate no difference between the female Cabin Crew and the general female population in the prevalence of factors generally associated with incidence of skin cancer. Exposure to cosmic radiation did not explain the excess of skin cancer among the studied Cabin Crew in this study.
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Cancer incidence among Nordic airline Cabin Crew
International Journal of Cancer, 2012Co-Authors: Eero Pukkala, Mika Helminen, Katja Kojo, Anette Linnersjö, N Hammar, Hrafn Tulinius, Vilhjalmur Rafnsson, Tor Haldorsen, Ulf TvetenAbstract:Airline Cabin Crew are occupationally exposed to cosmic radiation and jet lag with potential disruption of circadian rhythms. This study assesses the influence of work-related factors in cancer incidence of Cabin Crew members. A cohort of 8,507 female and 1,559 male airline Cabin attendants from Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden was followed for cancer incidence for a mean follow-up time of 23.6 years through the national cancer registries. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were defined as ratios of observed and expected numbers of cases. A case-control study nested in the cohort (excluding Norway) was conducted to assess the relation between the estimated cumulative cosmic radiation dose and cumulative number of flights crossing six time zones (indicator of circadian disruption) and cancer risk. Analysis of breast cancer was adjusted for parity and age at first live birth. Among female Cabin Crew, a significantly increased incidence was observed for breast cancer [SIR 1.50, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.32-1.69], leukemia (1.89, 95% CI 1.03-3.17) and skin melanoma (1.85, 95% CI 1.41-2.38). Among men, significant excesses in skin melanoma (3.00, 95% CI 1.78-4.74), nonmelanoma skin cancer (2.47, 95% CI 1.18-4.53), Kaposi sarcoma (86.0, 95% CI 41.2-158) and alcohol-related cancers (combined SIR 3.12, 95% CI 1.95-4.72) were found. This large study with complete follow-up and comprehensive cancer incidence data shows an increased incidence of several cancers, but according to the case-control analysis, excesses appear not to be related to the cosmic radiation or circadian disruptions from crossing multiple time zones. Copyright © 2012 UICC.
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estimating the cosmic radiation dose for a Cabin Crew with flight timetables
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Katja Kojo, Mika Helminen, Gerhard Leuthold, Rafael Aspholm, Anssi AuvinenAbstract:Objective: Because of the lack of recorded flight history for Cabin Crew, a retrospective assessment of exposure to cosmic radiation is complicated. Our aim was to develop an assessment method for occupational exposure based on flight timetables. Methods: The frequency of flights, aircraft types, and flight profiles from timetables were collected. The cosmic radiation dose was calculated with the EPCARD software. Based on annual doses and work history, the cumulative dose was estimated. Results: The annual dose increased linearly: 0.7 milliSievert (mSv) in 1960, 1.6 mSv in 1980, 2.3 mSv in 1985, and 2.1 mSv in 1995. The median cumulative dose was 20.8 mSv (minimum 0.4 mSv, maximum 61.6 mSv). Conclusions: This method provides a simple algorithm for occupational dose assessment for Cabin Crew and can be used in other research settings as well.
Phillip Seaman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cabin Crew food safety training a qualitative study
Food Control, 2019Co-Authors: Ayman Safi Abdelhakim, Eleri Jones, Elizabeth C Redmond, M M Hewedi, Phillip SeamanAbstract:Abstract This study aims to explore the status of Cabin Crew food safety training in different airlines. Using the snowballing technique, 26 Cabin Crew managers, supervisors and trainers (from 20 international airlines) participated in in-depth, structured interviews. The interview schedule was developed to determine and evaluate implementation and perceptions of Cabin Crew training. Data was analysed using a qualitative content analysis approach. All respondents perceived Cabin Crew food safety/hygiene issues are important in relation to on-board food-handling, for example: “food safety is always an important issue”. Findings indicated that while most of the airlines (90%) train Cabin Crew on food safety, different Cabin Crew roles perceived the same level of food safety training. The results obtained can be used to inform development of future training programmes, methods and evaluation.
