The Experts below are selected from a list of 192 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tetsuhiko Sasaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Infection density of Wolbachia and level of cytoplasmic incompatibility in the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella.
Journal of invertebrate pathology, 2003Co-Authors: Takashi Ikeda, Hajime Ishikawa, Tetsuhiko SasakiAbstract:Wolbachia, a causative agent of various reproductive changes in arthropods, induces cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella. Two strains of E. kuehniella, Yokohama and Tsuchiura, harbor closely related Wolbachia, but the Yokohama strain expresses stronger CI than the Tsuchiura strain. A transinfected E. kuehniella strain that harbors the Wolbachia derived from the almond moth Cadra cautella, expresses weak CI at a similar level to the Tsuchiura strain. In the present study, we measured the Wolbachia density in the testis of the three E. kuehniella strains in order to examine the effects of bacterial strain and infection load on the expression of CI. When individuals of the same strain were compared, a correlation of bacterial density to CI level was observed. In addition, the Wolbachia density was higher in the Yokohama strain than the Tsuchiura strain in agreement with the CI levels expressed. However, this relationship did not hold in the comparison between the naturally infected and transinfected strains that carried phylogenetically distant Wolbachia.
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Regulation of Wolbachia density in the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella, and the almond moth, Cadra cautella.
Zoological science, 2003Co-Authors: Takashi Ikeda, Hajime Ishikawa, Tetsuhiko SasakiAbstract:The Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella, is infected with A-group Wolbachia (wKue), and the almond moth, Cadra cautella, is doubly infected with A- and B-group Wolbachia, which are designated as wCauA and wCauB, respectively. In both insects, the Wolbachia populations increased greatly during embryonic and larval stages. The Wolbachia population doubled every 3.6 days on average in E. kuehniella larvae, whereas those of wCauA and wCauB doubled every 2.1 days in C. cautella larvae. The populations of wCauA and wCauB that had been transferred into the E. kuehniella background increased at similar rates to that of wKue in the natural host E. kuehniella, suggesting that the host genetic background influences Wolbachia proliferation. To examine whether the populations of the two Wolbachia variants in double infection is regulated collectively or independently, we measured the infection load in the ovaries of three transfected E. kuehniella lines in different infection states: single infection with wCauA, single infection with wCauB, and double infection. The density of each Wolbachia variant did not differ significantly between the singly and doubly transfected hosts, suggesting independent regulation.
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interspecific transfer of wolbachia between two lepidopteran insects expressing cytoplasmic incompatibility a wolbachia variant naturally infecting Cadra cautella causes male killing in ephestia kuehniella
Genetics, 2002Co-Authors: Tetsuhiko Sasaki, Takeo Kubo, Hajime IshikawaAbstract:Wolbachia is known as the causative agent of various reproductive alterations in arthropods. The almond moth Cadra cautella is doubly infected with A- and B-group Wolbachia and expresses complete cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). The Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella carries A-group Wolbachia and expresses partial CI. In the present study, the Wolbachia in C. cautella was transferred to E. kuehniella from which the original Wolbachia had been removed. We obtained transfected lines of three different infection states: single infection with A, single infection with B, and double infection with A and B. The doubly transfected lines and those transfected with only A produced exclusively female progeny. Two lines of evidence suggested that the sex ratio distortion was due to male killing. First, reduced egg hatch rate was observed. Second, removal of the Wolbachia from the transfected lines resulted in the recovery of a normal sex ratio of approximately 1:1. The occurrence of male killing following transfection showed that host factors influence the determination of the reproductive phenotype caused by Wolbachia. The transfected E. kuehniella males carrying exclusively B-group Wolbachia expressed partial incompatibility when crossed with the uninfected females. In addition, the transfected lines were bidirectionally incompatible with the naturally infected strain, which was the first demonstration of bidirectional CI in a lepidopteran.
Hajime Ishikawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Infection density of Wolbachia and level of cytoplasmic incompatibility in the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella.
Journal of invertebrate pathology, 2003Co-Authors: Takashi Ikeda, Hajime Ishikawa, Tetsuhiko SasakiAbstract:Wolbachia, a causative agent of various reproductive changes in arthropods, induces cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella. Two strains of E. kuehniella, Yokohama and Tsuchiura, harbor closely related Wolbachia, but the Yokohama strain expresses stronger CI than the Tsuchiura strain. A transinfected E. kuehniella strain that harbors the Wolbachia derived from the almond moth Cadra cautella, expresses weak CI at a similar level to the Tsuchiura strain. In the present study, we measured the Wolbachia density in the testis of the three E. kuehniella strains in order to examine the effects of bacterial strain and infection load on the expression of CI. When individuals of the same strain were compared, a correlation of bacterial density to CI level was observed. In addition, the Wolbachia density was higher in the Yokohama strain than the Tsuchiura strain in agreement with the CI levels expressed. However, this relationship did not hold in the comparison between the naturally infected and transinfected strains that carried phylogenetically distant Wolbachia.
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Regulation of Wolbachia density in the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella, and the almond moth, Cadra cautella.
Zoological science, 2003Co-Authors: Takashi Ikeda, Hajime Ishikawa, Tetsuhiko SasakiAbstract:The Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella, is infected with A-group Wolbachia (wKue), and the almond moth, Cadra cautella, is doubly infected with A- and B-group Wolbachia, which are designated as wCauA and wCauB, respectively. In both insects, the Wolbachia populations increased greatly during embryonic and larval stages. The Wolbachia population doubled every 3.6 days on average in E. kuehniella larvae, whereas those of wCauA and wCauB doubled every 2.1 days in C. cautella larvae. The populations of wCauA and wCauB that had been transferred into the E. kuehniella background increased at similar rates to that of wKue in the natural host E. kuehniella, suggesting that the host genetic background influences Wolbachia proliferation. To examine whether the populations of the two Wolbachia variants in double infection is regulated collectively or independently, we measured the infection load in the ovaries of three transfected E. kuehniella lines in different infection states: single infection with wCauA, single infection with wCauB, and double infection. The density of each Wolbachia variant did not differ significantly between the singly and doubly transfected hosts, suggesting independent regulation.
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interspecific transfer of wolbachia between two lepidopteran insects expressing cytoplasmic incompatibility a wolbachia variant naturally infecting Cadra cautella causes male killing in ephestia kuehniella
Genetics, 2002Co-Authors: Tetsuhiko Sasaki, Takeo Kubo, Hajime IshikawaAbstract:Wolbachia is known as the causative agent of various reproductive alterations in arthropods. The almond moth Cadra cautella is doubly infected with A- and B-group Wolbachia and expresses complete cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). The Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella carries A-group Wolbachia and expresses partial CI. In the present study, the Wolbachia in C. cautella was transferred to E. kuehniella from which the original Wolbachia had been removed. We obtained transfected lines of three different infection states: single infection with A, single infection with B, and double infection with A and B. The doubly transfected lines and those transfected with only A produced exclusively female progeny. Two lines of evidence suggested that the sex ratio distortion was due to male killing. First, reduced egg hatch rate was observed. Second, removal of the Wolbachia from the transfected lines resulted in the recovery of a normal sex ratio of approximately 1:1. The occurrence of male killing following transfection showed that host factors influence the determination of the reproductive phenotype caused by Wolbachia. The transfected E. kuehniella males carrying exclusively B-group Wolbachia expressed partial incompatibility when crossed with the uninfected females. In addition, the transfected lines were bidirectionally incompatible with the naturally infected strain, which was the first demonstration of bidirectional CI in a lepidopteran.
Takashi Ikeda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Infection density of Wolbachia and level of cytoplasmic incompatibility in the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella.
Journal of invertebrate pathology, 2003Co-Authors: Takashi Ikeda, Hajime Ishikawa, Tetsuhiko SasakiAbstract:Wolbachia, a causative agent of various reproductive changes in arthropods, induces cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella. Two strains of E. kuehniella, Yokohama and Tsuchiura, harbor closely related Wolbachia, but the Yokohama strain expresses stronger CI than the Tsuchiura strain. A transinfected E. kuehniella strain that harbors the Wolbachia derived from the almond moth Cadra cautella, expresses weak CI at a similar level to the Tsuchiura strain. In the present study, we measured the Wolbachia density in the testis of the three E. kuehniella strains in order to examine the effects of bacterial strain and infection load on the expression of CI. When individuals of the same strain were compared, a correlation of bacterial density to CI level was observed. In addition, the Wolbachia density was higher in the Yokohama strain than the Tsuchiura strain in agreement with the CI levels expressed. However, this relationship did not hold in the comparison between the naturally infected and transinfected strains that carried phylogenetically distant Wolbachia.
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Regulation of Wolbachia density in the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella, and the almond moth, Cadra cautella.
Zoological science, 2003Co-Authors: Takashi Ikeda, Hajime Ishikawa, Tetsuhiko SasakiAbstract:The Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella, is infected with A-group Wolbachia (wKue), and the almond moth, Cadra cautella, is doubly infected with A- and B-group Wolbachia, which are designated as wCauA and wCauB, respectively. In both insects, the Wolbachia populations increased greatly during embryonic and larval stages. The Wolbachia population doubled every 3.6 days on average in E. kuehniella larvae, whereas those of wCauA and wCauB doubled every 2.1 days in C. cautella larvae. The populations of wCauA and wCauB that had been transferred into the E. kuehniella background increased at similar rates to that of wKue in the natural host E. kuehniella, suggesting that the host genetic background influences Wolbachia proliferation. To examine whether the populations of the two Wolbachia variants in double infection is regulated collectively or independently, we measured the infection load in the ovaries of three transfected E. kuehniella lines in different infection states: single infection with wCauA, single infection with wCauB, and double infection. The density of each Wolbachia variant did not differ significantly between the singly and doubly transfected hosts, suggesting independent regulation.
S Savoldelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the use of water traps and presence of spermatophores to evaluate mating disruption in the almond moth ephestia cautella during exposure to synthetic sex pheromone
Journal of Pest Science, 2013Co-Authors: Pasquale Trematerra, S SavoldelliAbstract:The purpose of the study was to verify the efficacy of a mating-disruption system (MD) applied in a confectionary factory infested by almond moths, Ephestia (Cadra) cautella (Walker), using pheromone traps and the presence of spermatophores in females caught with water traps. Results obtained confirmed that water is a considerable attractant for E. cautella, as a great number of males and females were caught. The presence of spermatophores in females allowed determination of mating status: most captured females were mated; in the area where MD was applied to the percentage of unmated females was lower as compared to the control area (the proportion of unmated females was much higher in the control area). In an integrated pest management programme, the combined use of MD and water traps eliminates large numbers of male and female almond moths. This information will be useful in developing strategies for suppressing E. cautella infestation.
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Mass trapping and mating disruption to control Cadra cautella (Walker) in a confectionery factory
place:Darmstadt (Germany), 2011Co-Authors: L. Suss, S SavoldelliAbstract:A mass trapping system was established in a chocolate factory to control Cadra cautella, using plastic containers filled with water. In order to interfere with mating, a mating disruption system was applied in a confined area. Results confirmed that water is a considerable attractant for almond moth: a great number of males and females were caught, while the pheromone traps, placed in the same areas, caught a limited number of males. The analysis of females allowed to determine the mating status: the most part of caught females was mated; in the area where mating disruption was applied the percentage of unmated females was higher as compared with the control area. The use of water as mass trapping system and mating disruption allow to eliminate large number of females and to reduce mating. Mass trapping and mating disruption can be taken into account in the IPM program
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Fertility of Plodia interpunctella (H\ufcbner), Cadra cautella (Walker), Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) after larval starvation
Universit\ue0 degli Studi di MIlano, 2007Co-Authors: S SavoldelliAbstract:Fertility of Plodia interpunctella (H\ufcbner), Cadra cautella (Walker), Ephestia kuehniella Zeller has been evaluated using ten couples coming from fasting larvae of III instar. Their progeny has been compared to that of 10 referential couples, coming from larvae developed on artificial diet until the complete maturity. The fertility of adults is significantly lower than the relatives couples of reference. About sex ratio, the number of females is more than double towards the number of males, in every couple of reference. The number of females increased in descent of couples subjected to alimentary stress, both for C. cautella and for E. kuehniella, while for P. interpunctella the relation among males and females was similar to the descent of referential couples. Larvae coming from adults developed from III instar larvae have been isolated in two groups: a batch of 50 larvae has been submitted to forced fasting, another batch has fed regularly. Couples of adults, coming from III instar larvae subjected to starvation, gave life to a number of larvae that could be compared with their parents progeny. Larvae born from parents subjected to starvation but fed regularly until the end of larval stadium, gave life to adults, whose progeny is possible to compare with the one of referential couples. An adequate feeding can nullify the effects on fertility coming from alimentary stress subjected by parents
Theresa M Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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large spermatophores reduce female receptivity and increase male paternity success in the almond moth Cadra cautella
Animal Behaviour, 2009Co-Authors: Kathryn B Mcnamara, Mark A Elgar, Theresa M JonesAbstract:The size of a male's reproductive investment may have profound consequences for female mating frequency and male fitness. Male ejaculate size may affect female fecundity and fertility, while large ejaculates may confer an advantage for males in both avoiding and engaging in sperm competition. We explored experimentally the effect of male ejaculate size on female receptivity and male fertilization success, in the largely monandrous almond moth. Females received either a large or small first spermatophore, and were then given the opportunity to remate with another male that also provided a large or small ejaculate. We examined the effect of spermatophore size on female postmating receptivity, likelihood of remating and reproductive output. For males, we examined the effect that spermatophore size and mating order had on subsequent paternity success. Females that received a small first ejaculate were both more likely to remate (with mated males) and remated sooner than females that received a large first ejaculate. Furthermore, females that remated were also more likely to commence calling behaviour following their first mating, but there were no effects of spermatophore size on female reproductive output. For a male, however, if his female remated, the size of the spermatophore he transferred had important fitness consequences. Second-mating males suffered a paternity cost when competing against a rival that provided a large spermatophore. We propose that the enlarged spermatophore transferred by virgin males explains the low remating rate in this species, and may suggest a more polyandrous past for the almond moth, potentially shaped by sexual conflict.
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causes and consequences of variation in female mating frequency in the almond moth Cadra cautella
Behaviour, 2008Co-Authors: Kathryn B Mcnamara, Mark A Elgar, Theresa M JonesAbstract:Variation in male mating success is an important mechanism driving sexual selection, while variation in female mating frequency typically receives less attention. We examined this variation in female mating frequency in the almond moth, Cadra cautella. First, we measured female mating frequency under a variety of population sizes and sex ratios. Second, we allowed females to mate either once only, ad libitum with the same male, or ad libitum with novel males. We found larger females tended to copulate more often, and females mated more frequently in male-biased environments. Furthermore, females mated more frequently when exposed to multiple novel males than when exposed to a single male, either once or repeatedly. Female fecundity was not affected by her mating frequency, but females housed with novel males laid fewer eggs than females housed continuously with the same male, indicating a potential cost of male courtship. Finally, females that mated more frequently and laid more eggs survived significantly longer. The potential factors driving this variation in female mating frequency in the absence of any clear costs or benefits are discussed.
