The Experts below are selected from a list of 9183 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
S. A. Karim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Calcium Salt of fatty acids supplementation on performance of Malpura lambs
Animal Production Science, 2015Co-Authors: Randhir Singh Bhatt, Artabandhu Sahoo, A. K. Shinde, S. A. KarimAbstract:Twenty-four Malpura lambs (28 days old) were distributed into three equal groups (four each from either sexes). They were fed ad libitum on three experimental diets containing graded levels of Calcium Salt of fatty acids (source: rice bran oil; Ca-FA) at 0 (T1), 20 (T2) and 40 (T3) g per kg of concentrate and dry roughage (Prosopis cineraria leaves) up to 6 months of age along with suckling of mother till weaning (3 months). Effect of Ca-FA supplementation on liveweight gain, feed and nutrient intake was not observed during pre-weaning (28–90 days), which however increased (P < 0.05) in T3 during post-weaning (90–180 days). There was an increase in organic matter intake and digestibility as well as metabolisable energy intake in Ca-FA-supplemented groups. Rumen ammonia-N and ciliate protozoa population was increased (P < 0.05) in T2 and T3 with a positive shift in rumen fermentation (increased propionate and decreased acetate). Blood biochemical analysis revealed effect of treatment and age (P < 0.05) for free fatty acids and cholesterol concentration. Ca-FA supplementation improved (P < 0.05) dressing percentage both at 2% and 4% CA-FA inclusions levels with no change in fat yield and composition. It is concluded that supplementation of Ca-FA prepared from industrial-grade rice bran oil in growing lamb rations improved gain, organic matter intake and digestibility during the post-weaning period and a linear response to the level of supplementation recommends Ca-FA at 40 g/kg for improved lamb performance.
Lynne S. Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rapid Insight into Heating-Induced Phase Transformations in the Solid State of the Calcium Salt of Atorvastatin Using Multivariate Data Analysis
Pharmaceutical Research, 2013Co-Authors: Niels Peter Aae Christensen, Kaho Kwok, Lynne S. Taylor, Andrew D. Bond, Thomas Rades, Jukka Rantanen, Bernard Van Eerdenbrugh, Claus CornettAbstract:Purpose To investigate the heating-induced dehydration and melting behavior of the trihydrate phase of the Calcium Salt of atorvastatin. Methods Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) was used to decompose a variable-temperature synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (VT-XRPD) data matrix into diffraction patterns and concentration profiles of pure drug phases. Results By means of the MCR-estimated diffraction patterns and concentration profiles, the trihydrate phase of the drug Salt was found to dehydrate sequentially into two partially dehydrated hydrate structures upon heating from 25 to 110°C, with no associated breakage of the original crystal lattice. During heating from 110 to 140°C, the remaining water was lost from the solid drug Salt, which instantly collapsed into a liquid crystalline phase. An isotropic melt was formed above 155°C. Thermogravimetric analysis, hot-stage polarized light microscopy, and hot-stage Raman spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis (PCA) was shown to provide consistent results. Conclusions This study demonstrates that MCR combined with VT-XRPD is a powerful tool for rapid interpretation of complex dehydration behavior of drug hydrates, and it is also the first report on a liquid crystalline phase of the Calcium Salt of atorvastatin.
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Rapid Insight into Heating-Induced Phase Transformations in the Solid State of the Calcium Salt of Atorvastatin Using Multivariate Data Analysis
Pharmaceutical research, 2012Co-Authors: Niels Peter Aae Christensen, Bernard Van Eerdenbrugh, Kaho Kwok, Lynne S. Taylor, Andrew D. Bond, Thomas Rades, Jukka Rantanen, Claus CornettAbstract:Purpose To investigate the heating-induced dehydration and melting behavior of the trihydrate phase of the Calcium Salt of atorvastatin.
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disproportionation of the Calcium Salt of atorvastatin in the presence of acidic excipients
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2012Co-Authors: Niels Peter Aae Christensen, Jukka Rantanen, Claus Cornett, Lynne S. TaylorAbstract:The aim of the present study was to combine vibrational spectroscopy and chemometrics for investigating excipient-induced disproportionation of the Calcium Salt of atorvastatin into the corresponding free acid form in environments relevant to manufacturing and storage of solid dosage formulations. Of the excipients investigated, citric acid and polyacrylic acid were found to induce disproportionation. Moreover, it was also observed that exposure to high relative humidity, elevated temperatures, and milling all promoted disproportionation. The results suggest that disproportionation of drug Salts in powders happens via a solution-mediated mechanism and that the choice of excipient has a considerable impact on the extent of disproportionation observed. Thus, careful attention must be paid to excipient selection during pharmaceutical development and exposure to stresses such as high humidity and mechanical activation should be minimized.
Jonas Baltrusaitis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mechanosynthesis of magnesium and Calcium Salt urea ionic cocrystal fertilizer materials for improved nitrogen management
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Kenneth Honer, Eren Kalfaoglu, Carlos Pico, Jane Mccann, Jonas BaltrusaitisAbstract:Only 47% of the total fertilizer nitrogen applied to the environment is taken up by the plants whereas approximately 40% of the total fertilizer nitrogen lost to the environment reverts back into unreactive atmospheric dinitrogen that greatly affects the global nitrogen cycle including increased energy consumption for NH3 synthesis, as well as accumulation of nitrates in drinking water. In this letter, we provide a mechanochemical method of inorganic magnesium and Calcium Salt–urea ionic cocrystal synthesis to obtain enhanced stability nitrogen fertilizers. The solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis presented can result in a greater manufacturing process sustainability by reducing or eliminating the need for solution handling and evaporation. NH3 emission testing suggests that urea ionic cocrystals are capable of decreasing NH3 emissions to the environment when compared to pure urea, thus providing implications for a sustainable global solution to the management of the nitrogen cycle.
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Mechanosynthesis of Magnesium and Calcium Salt–Urea Ionic Cocrystal Fertilizer Materials for Improved Nitrogen Management
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Kenneth Honer, Eren Kalfaoglu, Carlos Pico, Jane Mccann, Jonas BaltrusaitisAbstract:Only 47% of the total fertilizer nitrogen applied to the environment is taken up by the plants whereas approximately 40% of the total fertilizer nitrogen lost to the environment reverts back into unreactive atmospheric dinitrogen that greatly affects the global nitrogen cycle including increased energy consumption for NH3 synthesis, as well as accumulation of nitrates in drinking water. In this letter, we provide a mechanochemical method of inorganic magnesium and Calcium Salt–urea ionic cocrystal synthesis to obtain enhanced stability nitrogen fertilizers. The solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis presented can result in a greater manufacturing process sustainability by reducing or eliminating the need for solution handling and evaporation. NH3 emission testing suggests that urea ionic cocrystals are capable of decreasing NH3 emissions to the environment when compared to pure urea, thus providing implications for a sustainable global solution to the management of the nitrogen cycle.
Sang-hoon Rhee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of a Chitosan Nano-Hybrid Material Containing Silanol Group and Calcium Salt as a Bioactive Bone Graft
Key Engineering Materials, 2005Co-Authors: Sang-hoon Rhee, Yong-keun Lee, Bum-soon LimAbstract:A bioactive chitosan-siloxane nano-hybrid material was newly developed and evaluated for the potential application as a bone graft material. The chitosan which can be dissolved in organic solvent was synthesized by the reaction with phtalic anhydride (Ph-Chitosan) and it was then reacted with 3-isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane (Si-Chitosan) in dimethylformamide. Following this, the Si-Chitosan was hydrolyzed and condensed to yield a hybrid sol-gel material (Si-O-Chitosan). The gelation was carried out for 1 week at ambient condition in a covered Teflon mold with a few pinholes and then dried under vacuum at room temperature for 48 h. The bioactivity of the chitosan nano-hybrid material was evaluated by examining the apatite forming ability in the simulated body fluid (SBF). The surface microstructure and functional groups of the specimen was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The crystal phases of the specimen before and after the bioactivity testing were analyzed by thin film X-ray diffractometry. Newly developed chitosan nano-hybrid material showed apatite-forming ability in the SBF within 1 week soaking and this ability was believed to come from the silanol group formed on the surface of Si-O-Chitosan and Calcium Salt which increased the ionic activity product of apatite in the SBF.
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Effect of Calcium Salt content in the poly(ε-caprolactone)/silica nanocomposite on the nucleation and growth behavior of apatite layer
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A, 2003Co-Authors: Sang-hoon RheeAbstract:The effect of Calcium Salt content in the poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL)/silica nanocomposite on the nucleation and growth behavior of apatite layer in simulated body fluid (SBF) was investigated. The specimens were prepared with low (L) and high (H) concentrations of Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate through a sol-gel method. After soaking in the SBF at 36.5°C for 1 week, a densely packed apatite layer that had a smooth surface and a Ca/P ratio similar to bone was formed on specimens containing a low concentration of Calcium Salt while a loosely packed apatite layer with a rugged surface and a higher Ca/P ratio than that of bone occurred on specimens containing a high concentration of Calcium Salt. The results are explained in terms of the degree of supersaturation of apatite in the SBF, as determined by the concentrations of constituent ions of apatite and pH. The practical implication of the results is that a dense and bone-like apatite layer on the PCL/silica nanocomposite in vitro, and perhaps in vivo, can be achieved by adopting an appropriate Calcium Salt content. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 67A: 1131–1138, 2003
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Biological activities of osteoblasts on poly(methyl methacrylate)/silica hybrid containing Calcium Salt.
Biomaterials, 2003Co-Authors: Sang-hoon Rhee, Mi Hye Hwang, Je-yong ChoiAbstract:The biological activity of osteoblasts on the newly developed bioactive poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/silica hybrid containing Calcium Salt was investigated. The attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of primary cultured mouse calvarial osteoblasts were evaluated by hexosaminase, MTT, and alkaline phosphatase activity assays, respectively. The PMMA/silica hybrid showed higher biological activities than those of pure PMMA with regard to all three parameters. Besides, the Calcium phosphate layer, determined by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, occurred only on the PMMA/silica hybrid. Better biological activities on the PMMA/silica hybrid than those on the PMMA were explained by the role of Calcium phosphate layer formed on the PMMA/silica hybrid and the released Calcium and silicon ions from it during the cell culture. These results suggest that the PMMA/silica hybrid might be useful as a bone substitute or filler.
Niels Peter Aae Christensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rapid Insight into Heating-Induced Phase Transformations in the Solid State of the Calcium Salt of Atorvastatin Using Multivariate Data Analysis
Pharmaceutical Research, 2013Co-Authors: Niels Peter Aae Christensen, Kaho Kwok, Lynne S. Taylor, Andrew D. Bond, Thomas Rades, Jukka Rantanen, Bernard Van Eerdenbrugh, Claus CornettAbstract:Purpose To investigate the heating-induced dehydration and melting behavior of the trihydrate phase of the Calcium Salt of atorvastatin. Methods Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) was used to decompose a variable-temperature synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (VT-XRPD) data matrix into diffraction patterns and concentration profiles of pure drug phases. Results By means of the MCR-estimated diffraction patterns and concentration profiles, the trihydrate phase of the drug Salt was found to dehydrate sequentially into two partially dehydrated hydrate structures upon heating from 25 to 110°C, with no associated breakage of the original crystal lattice. During heating from 110 to 140°C, the remaining water was lost from the solid drug Salt, which instantly collapsed into a liquid crystalline phase. An isotropic melt was formed above 155°C. Thermogravimetric analysis, hot-stage polarized light microscopy, and hot-stage Raman spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis (PCA) was shown to provide consistent results. Conclusions This study demonstrates that MCR combined with VT-XRPD is a powerful tool for rapid interpretation of complex dehydration behavior of drug hydrates, and it is also the first report on a liquid crystalline phase of the Calcium Salt of atorvastatin.
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Rapid Insight into Heating-Induced Phase Transformations in the Solid State of the Calcium Salt of Atorvastatin Using Multivariate Data Analysis
Pharmaceutical research, 2012Co-Authors: Niels Peter Aae Christensen, Bernard Van Eerdenbrugh, Kaho Kwok, Lynne S. Taylor, Andrew D. Bond, Thomas Rades, Jukka Rantanen, Claus CornettAbstract:Purpose To investigate the heating-induced dehydration and melting behavior of the trihydrate phase of the Calcium Salt of atorvastatin.
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disproportionation of the Calcium Salt of atorvastatin in the presence of acidic excipients
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2012Co-Authors: Niels Peter Aae Christensen, Jukka Rantanen, Claus Cornett, Lynne S. TaylorAbstract:The aim of the present study was to combine vibrational spectroscopy and chemometrics for investigating excipient-induced disproportionation of the Calcium Salt of atorvastatin into the corresponding free acid form in environments relevant to manufacturing and storage of solid dosage formulations. Of the excipients investigated, citric acid and polyacrylic acid were found to induce disproportionation. Moreover, it was also observed that exposure to high relative humidity, elevated temperatures, and milling all promoted disproportionation. The results suggest that disproportionation of drug Salts in powders happens via a solution-mediated mechanism and that the choice of excipient has a considerable impact on the extent of disproportionation observed. Thus, careful attention must be paid to excipient selection during pharmaceutical development and exposure to stresses such as high humidity and mechanical activation should be minimized.
