The Experts below are selected from a list of 582759 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Katrina Armstrong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Diffusion of breast Cancer Risk assessment in primary care.
Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Carmen Guerra, Melani Sherman, Katrina ArmstrongAbstract:Background: Physicians who provide primary care to women have the opportunity to identify patients at high Risk for breast Cancer who are candidates for Risk reduction strategies. Our objective was to determine the prevalence and determinants of the adoption of breast Cancer Risk assessment by primary care physicians. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative random sample of 351 internists, family practitioners, and obstetricians-gynecologists. We used a questionnaire that assessed knowledge, attitudes, discussion of breast Cancer Risk, use of software to calculate breast Cancer Risk, and ordering of BRCA1/2 testing. Results: Eighty-eight percent of physicians reported discussing breast Cancer Risk at least once during the previous 12 months; 48% had ordered or referred a patient for BRCA1/2 testing; and 18% had used a software program to calculate breast Cancer Risk. Physicians who had used BRCA1/2 testing or discussed breast Cancer Risk factors were more likely to be obstetrician-gynecologists and not in a solo practice; the use of Risk software was also more common among obstetrician-gynecologists but was also associated with having a family member with breast Cancer and a greater knowledge about breast Cancer Risk. Having patients ask for Risk information was associated with the discussion of Risk factors but not with the other Risk assessment strategies. Conclusions: Diffusion of breast Cancer Risk assessment is occurring in primary care practices, with a greater adoption of BRCA1/2 testing than of the use of Risk assessment software. Adoption of these strategies seems to be related to the salience of breast Cancer personally (for the physician) and within the practice, as well as the size of the practice, rather than attitudes about the Risk assessment methods. (J Am Board Fam Med 2009;22:272–9.)
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Making Sense of Cancer Risk Calculators on the Web
Journal of general internal medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Andrea Gurmankin Levy, Melani Sherman, Seema S. Sonnad, Jibby E. Kurichi, Katrina ArmstrongAbstract:Objective Cancer Risk calculators on the internet have the potential to provide users with valuable information about their individual Cancer Risk. However, the lack of oversight of these sites raises concerns about low quality and inconsistent information. These concerns led us to evaluate internet Cancer Risk calculators.
Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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communicating Cancer Risk in the primary care consultation when using a Cancer Risk assessment tool qualitative study with service users and practitioners
Health Expectations, 2020Co-Authors: Joseph Akanuwe, Sara Owen, Sharon Black, Aloysius Niroshan SiriwardenaAbstract:Background Cancer Risk assessment tools are designed to help detect Cancer Risk in symptomatic individuals presenting to primary care. An early detection of Cancer Risk could mean early referral for investigations, diagnosis and treatment, helping to address late diagnosis of Cancer. It is not clear how best Cancer Risk may be communicated to patients when using a Cancer Risk assessment tool to assess their Risk of developing Cancer. Objective We aimed to explore the perspectives of service users and primary care practitioners on communicating Cancer Risk information to patients, when using QCancer, a Cancer Risk assessment tool. Design A qualitative study involving the use of individual interviews and focus groups. Setting and participants Conducted in primary care settings in Lincolnshire with a convenience sample of 36 participants (19 service users who were members of the public) and 17 primary care practitioners (general practitioners and practice nurses). Results Participants suggested ways to improve communication of Cancer Risk information: personalizing Risk information; involving patients in use of the tool; sharing Risk information openly; and providing sufficient time when using the tool during consultations. Conclusion Communication of Cancer Risk information is complex and difficult. We identified strategies for improving communication with patients involving Cancer Risk estimations in primary care consultations.
Simone Helmig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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XRCC1 polymorphism and lung Cancer Risk.
Expert review of molecular diagnostics, 2008Co-Authors: Joachim Schneider, Vera Classen, Simone HelmigAbstract:DNA repair plays a critical role in protecting the genome of the cell from the insults of carcinogens or ionizing radiation. Reduced DNA repair capacity can increase the susceptibility to environmental- or occupational-induced Cancers. Three coding polymorphisms at codon 194, codon 280 and codon 399 in the x-ray cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1) DNA repair gene have been identified, and it is possible that these polymorphisms may affect DNA repair capacity and thus modulate Cancer susceptibility. In this review, we summarize the literature and discuss the relevance of XRCC1 polymorphisms and lung Cancer Risk. The frequency of genetic polymorphisms is dependent on the ethnic origins of a population. The frequency of the variant allele of codon 194 among Asians is on average 31.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29.6-32.8), which is significantly higher than among Caucasians (6.6%; 95% CI: 5.9-7.4) or Africans (7.3%; 95% CI: 5.7-9.2). The variant allele in codon 399 occurs among Africans at a frequency of 15.5% (95% CI: 13.5-17.7), 34.7% in Caucasians (95% CI: 33.8-35.6) and 26.5% in Asians (95% CI: 25.6-27.4). Results regarding lung Cancer Risk are inconsistent. The lung Cancer Risk associated with polymorphisms of the XRCC1 codon 194 demonstrate an odds ratio (OR) of around 1.0. For the XRCC1 codon 280, lung Cancer Risk varied between ORs of 0.26 and 1.8; and for the XRCC1 codon 399 between 0.32 and 3.25. Only two studies showed significantly elevated Risks (OR: 3.25; 95% CI: 1.2-10.7; OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0-1.8, respectively), whereas one study showed a decreased lung Cancer Risk (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.46-40.80). Lung Cancer Risk increased with cigarette smoking. A significant association was not observed between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms and tobacco-related Cancers. Lung Cancer Risk increased significantly for the variant XRCC1 -77 genotypes (TC and CC) compared with the TT genotype (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.18-1.82). The Risk was more pronounced in smokers (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.20-2.21) than in nonsmokers (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 0.94-1.76). No association with polymorphisms were found for various histological tumor types. The XRCC1 399 Gln/Gln variant genotype was associated with a higher median survival time.
Carolyn J. Heckman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Multiple skin Cancer Risk behaviors in the U.S. population.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Elliot J. Coups, Sharon L. Manne, Carolyn J. HeckmanAbstract:Background The incidence of all types of skin Cancer has increased over the past 3 decades in the United States. Increased skin Cancer Risk is associated with exposure to ultraviolet radiation. This study examined the age-stratified prevalence and correlates of multiple skin Cancer Risk behaviors (infrequent use of sun-protective clothing, staying in the sun when outside on a sunny day, infrequent use of sunscreen, indoor tanning, and receiving a sunburn) among U.S. adults. Methods 28,235 adults participating in the 2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) answered questions regarding sun-protection behaviors, indoor tanning in the past year, and sunburns in the past year. Examined correlates included geographic location, demographics, healthcare access, BMI, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, melanoma family history, perceived Cancer Risk, skin sensitivity to the sun, and receipt of a total skin exam. Results The most commonly reported skin Cancer Risk behaviors were infrequent use of sun-protective clothing and infrequent use of sunscreen. The majority of individuals reported multiple skin Cancer Risk behaviors. Although significant correlates varied according to age, individuals reporting more Risk behaviors were more likely younger, residing in the Midwest, male, non-Hispanic white, less-educated, smokers, Risky drinkers, and had skin that was less sun-sensitive. Conclusions The majority of the U.S. population engage in multiple skin Cancer Risk behaviors. A comprehensive approach to skin Cancer prevention requires attention to multiple skin Cancer Risk behaviors that are common in the U.S. population.
David Jacobson-kram - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modernizing Human Cancer Risk Assessment of Therapeutics
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 2017Co-Authors: Mark R. Fielden, Sheroy Minocherhomji, Paul Nioi, Hervé Lebrec, Lucas D Ward, David Jacobson-kramAbstract:Cancer Risk assessment of therapeutics is plagued by poor translatability of rodent models of carcinogenesis. In order to overcome this fundamental limitation, new approaches are needed that enable us to evaluate Cancer Risk directly in humans and human-based cellular models. Our enhanced understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and the influence of human genome sequence variation on Cancer Risk motivates us to re-evaluate how we assess the carcinogenic Risk of therapeutics. This review will highlight new opportunities for applying this knowledge to the development of a battery of human-based in vitro models and biomarkers for assessing Cancer Risk of novel therapeutics.
