The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David C Coleman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Candida albicans versus Candida Dubliniensis why is c albicans more pathogenic
International Journal of Microbiology, 2012Co-Authors: Gary P Moran, David C Coleman, Derek J SullivanAbstract:Candida albicans and Candida Dubliniensis are highly related pathogenic yeast species. However, C. albicans is far more prevalent in human infection and has been shown to be more pathogenic in a wide range of infection models. Comparison of the genomes of the two species has revealed that they are very similar although there are some significant differences, largely due to the expansion of virulence-related gene families (e.g., ALS and SAP) in C. albicans, and increased levels of pseudogenisation in C. Dubliniensis. Comparative global gene expression analyses have also been used to investigate differences in the ability of the two species to tolerate environmental stress and to produce hyphae, two traits that are likely to play a role in the lower virulence of C. Dubliniensis. Taken together, these data suggest that C. Dubliniensis is in the process of undergoing reductive evolution and may have become adapted for growth in a specialized anatomic niche.
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differential regulation of the transcriptional repressor nrg1 accounts for altered host cell interactions in Candida albicans and Candida Dubliniensis
Molecular Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Gary P Moran, David C Coleman, Donna M Maccallum, Martin J Spiering, Derek J SullivanAbstract:Summary Candida Dubliniensis is genetically closely related to Candida albicans, but causes fewer infections in humans and exhibits reduced virulence and filamentation in animal models of infection. We investigated the role of the C. Dubliniensis transcriptional repressor-encoding gene CdNRG1 in regulating this phenotype. Deletion of both copies of CdNRG1 increased the formation of true hyphae by C. Dubliniensis in response to serum, exogenous cAMP and CO2. In addition, deletion of CdNRG1 greatly enhanced filamentation and survival of C. Dubliniensis in co-culture with murine macrophages. In the reconstituted human oral epithelium infection model, the nrg1Δ mutant caused increased tissue damage relative to the wild-type strain. However, deletion of CdNRG1 did not change the virulence of C. Dubliniensis in the systemic mouse model of infection. The increased rate of hypha formation in C. albicans relative to C. Dubliniensis in response to phagocytosis by macrophages and serum was associated with rapid downregulation of NRG1 expression in C. albicans. This study demonstrates that the reduced virulence and host cell damage elicited by C. Dubliniensis may in part be due to the inability of this species to modulate NRG1 expression in response to the same environmental signals that promote filamentation in C. albicans.
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Candida Dubliniensis ten years on
Fems Microbiology Letters, 2005Co-Authors: Derek J Sullivan, Gary P Moran, David C ColemanAbstract:Candida Dubliniensis was first described as a novel species in 1995. This organism is very closely related to the important human yeast pathogen, Candida albicans. However, despite the very close phylogenetic relationship between C. albicans and C. Dubliniensis and the fact that they share a large number of phenotypic traits, epidemiological and virulence model data indicate that the former is a far more successful pathogen. In order to investigate the molecular basis of the lower virulence of C. Dubliniensis recent comparative genomic hybridisation studies have revealed the absence and divergence of specific genes implicated in Candidal virulence. Data from the C. Dubliniensis genome sequencing project will allow a complete comparison between the genomes of the two species to be performed and thus enhance our understanding of Candidal virulence and how virulence has evolved in Candida species.
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first reported case of endocarditis caused by Candida Dubliniensis
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2005Co-Authors: Michael J Carr, David C Coleman, Derek J Sullivan, Susan Clarke, Finbar Oconnell, Brian OconnellAbstract:Candida Dubliniensis is an uncommon cause of bloodstream infection. We describe the first reported case of endocarditis caused by C. Dubliniensis and the use of a rapid and novel real-time PCR assay based on the internal transcribed spacer 2 variable region of the rRNA operon that was used to identify this organism.
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evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic assay for identification of Candida albicans and Candida Dubliniensis
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2004Co-Authors: Agnes Marotleblond, David C Coleman, Jose Ponton, Derek J Sullivan, Sandrine David, Linda Grimaud, Raymond RobertAbstract:Candida Dubliniensis was first established as a novel yeast species in 1995. It is particularly associated with recurrent episodes of oral candidosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, but it has also been detected at other anatomical sites and at a low incidence level in non-HIV-infected patients. It shares so many phenotypic characteristics with C. albicans that it is easily misidentified as such. No rapid, simple, and commercial test that allows differentiation between C. Dubliniensis and C. albicans has been developed, until now. Accurate species identification requires the use of genotype-based techniques that are not routinely available in most clinical microbiology diagnostic laboratories. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of a new test (the immunochromatographic membrane [ICM] albi-dubli test; SR2B, Avrille, France) to differentiate between C. albicans and C. Dubliniensis. The organisms evaluated were strains whose identities had previously been confirmed by PCR tests and freshly isolated clinical strains and included 58 C. albicans isolates, 60 C. Dubliniensis isolates, and 82 isolates belonging to other species of yeast. The ICM albi-dubli test is based on the principle of immunochromatographic analysis and involves the use of two distinct monoclonal antibodies that recognize two unrelated epitopes expressed by both species or specific to only one species. The assay requires no complex instrumentation for analysis and can be recommended for routine use in clinical microbiology laboratories. Results are obtained within 2 h and 30 min and are easy to interpret. This evaluation demonstrated the good performance of this immunochromatographic test for C. albicans and C. Dubliniensis isolated on Sabouraud dextrose agar, CHOROMagar Candida, and CandidaSelect, with sensitivities and specificities ranging from 93.1 to 100%. These parameters decreased, however, to 91.4% when the test was performed with yeast isolated with Candida ID.
Derek J Sullivan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Candida albicans versus Candida Dubliniensis why is c albicans more pathogenic
International Journal of Microbiology, 2012Co-Authors: Gary P Moran, David C Coleman, Derek J SullivanAbstract:Candida albicans and Candida Dubliniensis are highly related pathogenic yeast species. However, C. albicans is far more prevalent in human infection and has been shown to be more pathogenic in a wide range of infection models. Comparison of the genomes of the two species has revealed that they are very similar although there are some significant differences, largely due to the expansion of virulence-related gene families (e.g., ALS and SAP) in C. albicans, and increased levels of pseudogenisation in C. Dubliniensis. Comparative global gene expression analyses have also been used to investigate differences in the ability of the two species to tolerate environmental stress and to produce hyphae, two traits that are likely to play a role in the lower virulence of C. Dubliniensis. Taken together, these data suggest that C. Dubliniensis is in the process of undergoing reductive evolution and may have become adapted for growth in a specialized anatomic niche.
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differential regulation of the transcriptional repressor nrg1 accounts for altered host cell interactions in Candida albicans and Candida Dubliniensis
Molecular Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Gary P Moran, David C Coleman, Donna M Maccallum, Martin J Spiering, Derek J SullivanAbstract:Summary Candida Dubliniensis is genetically closely related to Candida albicans, but causes fewer infections in humans and exhibits reduced virulence and filamentation in animal models of infection. We investigated the role of the C. Dubliniensis transcriptional repressor-encoding gene CdNRG1 in regulating this phenotype. Deletion of both copies of CdNRG1 increased the formation of true hyphae by C. Dubliniensis in response to serum, exogenous cAMP and CO2. In addition, deletion of CdNRG1 greatly enhanced filamentation and survival of C. Dubliniensis in co-culture with murine macrophages. In the reconstituted human oral epithelium infection model, the nrg1Δ mutant caused increased tissue damage relative to the wild-type strain. However, deletion of CdNRG1 did not change the virulence of C. Dubliniensis in the systemic mouse model of infection. The increased rate of hypha formation in C. albicans relative to C. Dubliniensis in response to phagocytosis by macrophages and serum was associated with rapid downregulation of NRG1 expression in C. albicans. This study demonstrates that the reduced virulence and host cell damage elicited by C. Dubliniensis may in part be due to the inability of this species to modulate NRG1 expression in response to the same environmental signals that promote filamentation in C. albicans.
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Candida Dubliniensis ten years on
Fems Microbiology Letters, 2005Co-Authors: Derek J Sullivan, Gary P Moran, David C ColemanAbstract:Candida Dubliniensis was first described as a novel species in 1995. This organism is very closely related to the important human yeast pathogen, Candida albicans. However, despite the very close phylogenetic relationship between C. albicans and C. Dubliniensis and the fact that they share a large number of phenotypic traits, epidemiological and virulence model data indicate that the former is a far more successful pathogen. In order to investigate the molecular basis of the lower virulence of C. Dubliniensis recent comparative genomic hybridisation studies have revealed the absence and divergence of specific genes implicated in Candidal virulence. Data from the C. Dubliniensis genome sequencing project will allow a complete comparison between the genomes of the two species to be performed and thus enhance our understanding of Candidal virulence and how virulence has evolved in Candida species.
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first reported case of endocarditis caused by Candida Dubliniensis
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2005Co-Authors: Michael J Carr, David C Coleman, Derek J Sullivan, Susan Clarke, Finbar Oconnell, Brian OconnellAbstract:Candida Dubliniensis is an uncommon cause of bloodstream infection. We describe the first reported case of endocarditis caused by C. Dubliniensis and the use of a rapid and novel real-time PCR assay based on the internal transcribed spacer 2 variable region of the rRNA operon that was used to identify this organism.
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evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic assay for identification of Candida albicans and Candida Dubliniensis
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2004Co-Authors: Agnes Marotleblond, David C Coleman, Jose Ponton, Derek J Sullivan, Sandrine David, Linda Grimaud, Raymond RobertAbstract:Candida Dubliniensis was first established as a novel yeast species in 1995. It is particularly associated with recurrent episodes of oral candidosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, but it has also been detected at other anatomical sites and at a low incidence level in non-HIV-infected patients. It shares so many phenotypic characteristics with C. albicans that it is easily misidentified as such. No rapid, simple, and commercial test that allows differentiation between C. Dubliniensis and C. albicans has been developed, until now. Accurate species identification requires the use of genotype-based techniques that are not routinely available in most clinical microbiology diagnostic laboratories. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of a new test (the immunochromatographic membrane [ICM] albi-dubli test; SR2B, Avrille, France) to differentiate between C. albicans and C. Dubliniensis. The organisms evaluated were strains whose identities had previously been confirmed by PCR tests and freshly isolated clinical strains and included 58 C. albicans isolates, 60 C. Dubliniensis isolates, and 82 isolates belonging to other species of yeast. The ICM albi-dubli test is based on the principle of immunochromatographic analysis and involves the use of two distinct monoclonal antibodies that recognize two unrelated epitopes expressed by both species or specific to only one species. The assay requires no complex instrumentation for analysis and can be recommended for routine use in clinical microbiology laboratories. Results are obtained within 2 h and 30 min and are easy to interpret. This evaluation demonstrated the good performance of this immunochromatographic test for C. albicans and C. Dubliniensis isolated on Sabouraud dextrose agar, CHOROMagar Candida, and CandidaSelect, with sensitivities and specificities ranging from 93.1 to 100%. These parameters decreased, however, to 91.4% when the test was performed with yeast isolated with Candida ID.
Rachel Chandy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the postantifungal effect of nystatin and its impact on adhesion attributes of oral Candida Dubliniensis isolates
Mycoses, 2014Co-Authors: Arjuna N. B. Ellepola, B K Joseph, Rachel Chandy, Ziauddin KhanAbstract:Summary The postantifungal effect (PAFE) has an impact on Candidal pathogenicity. However, there is no information on either the PAFE or its impact on adhesion traits of oral Candida Dubliniensis isolates. Oral candidosis can be treated topically with nystatin. Adhesion to buccal epithelial cells (BEC), germ tube (GT) formation and relative cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) are all colonisation attributes of Candidal pathogenicity. Hence, the main objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro PAFE on 20 C. Dubliniensis isolates following exposure to nystatin. In addition, the impact of nystatin-induced PAFE on adhesion to BEC, GT formation and relative CSH of C. Dubliniensis isolates were also evaluated. After determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nystatin, C. Dubliniensis isolates were exposed to sublethal concentrations of nystatin for 1 h. Following this exposure, the drug was removed and PAFE, adhesion to BEC, GT formation and relative CSH were determined by a previously described turbidometric method, adhesion assay, germ tube induction assay and biphasic aqueous-hydrocarbon assay respectively. MIC (μg/ml) of C. Dubliniensis isolates to nystatin ranged from 0.09 to 0.78. The nystatin-induced mean PAFE (hours) on C. Dubliniensis isolates was 2.17. Compared with the controls, exposure to nystatin suppressed the ability of C. Dubliniensis isolates to adhere BEC, GT formation and relative CSH by a mean percentage reduction of 74.45% (P < 0.0001), 95.92% (P < 0.0001) and 34.81 (P < 0.05) respectively. Hence, brief exposure of C. Dubliniensis isolates to nystatin would continue to wield an antifungal effect by suppressing growth as well as its adhesion attributes.
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performance comparison of phenotypic and molecular methods for detection and differentiation of Candida albicans and Candida Dubliniensis
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2012Co-Authors: Suhail Ahmad, Z U Khan, Mohammad Asadzadeh, Ajmal Theyyathel, Rachel ChandyAbstract:Background Candida albicans is the most pathogenic Candida species but shares many phenotypic features with Candida Dubliniensis and may, therefore, be misidentified in clinical microbiology laboratories. Candidemia cases due to C. Dubliniensis are increasingly being reported in recent years. Accurate identification is warranted since mortality rates are highest for C. albicans infections, however, C. Dubliniensis has the propensity to develop resistance against azoles more easily. We developed a duplex PCR assay for rapid detection and differentiation of C. albicans from C. Dubliniensis for resource-poor settings equipped with basic PCR technology and compared its performance with three phenotypic methods.
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Candida Dubliniensis an appraisal of its clinical significance as a bloodstream pathogen
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Z U Khan, Suhail Ahmad, Leena Joseph, Rachel ChandyAbstract:A nine-year prospective study (2002–2010) on the prevalence of Candida Dubliniensis among Candida bloodstream isolates is presented. The germ tube positive isolates were provisionally identified as C. Dubliniensis by presence of fringed and rough colonies on sunflower seed agar. Subsequently, their identity was confirmed by Vitek2 Yeast identification system and/or by amplification and sequencing of the ITS region of rDNA. In all, 368 isolates were identified as C. Dubliniensis; 67.1% came from respiratory specimens, 11.7% from oral swabs, 9.2% from urine, 3.8% from blood, 2.7% from vaginal swabs and 5.4% from other sources. All C. Dubliniensis isolates tested by Etest were susceptible to voriconazole and amphotericin B. Resistance to fluconazole (≥8 µg/ml) was observed in 2.5% of C. Dubliniensis isolates, 7 of which occurred between 2008–2010. Of note was the diagnosis of C. Dubliniensis candidemia in 14 patients, 11 of them occurring between 2008–2010. None of the bloodstream isolate was resistant to fluconazole, while a solitary isolate showed increased MIC to 5-flucytosine (>32 µg/ml) and belonged to genotype 4. A review of literature since 1999 revealed 28 additional cases of C. Dubliniensis candidemia, and 167 isolates identified from blood cultures since 1982. In conclusion, this study highlights a greater role of C. Dubliniensis in bloodstream infections than hitherto recognized.
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prevalence of Candida Dubliniensis among germ tube positive Candida isolates in a maternity hospital in kuwait
Mycoses, 2005Co-Authors: Noura Alsweih, Suhail Ahmad, Zia U Khan, Seema Khan, Rachel ChandyAbstract:In this study, 1644 germ tube-positive Candida isolates from a maternity hospital was prospectively examined for the prevalence of Candida Dubliniensis. Candida species were isolated from different clinical specimens, but majority (>90%) of them came from high vaginal swabs and urine specimens. The phenotypic and molecular identification methods for C. Dubliniensis included production of rough colonies and chlamydospores on simplified sunflower seed agar, determination of assimilation profile by Vitek 2 yeast identification system, specific amplification of rDNA of internally transcribed spacer (ITS)-2 region by semi-nested PCR and direct DNA sequencing of the ITS-1 and ITS-2 regions. Three germ tube-positive Candida isolates were identified as C. Dubliniensis with an overall prevalence of 0.2%. Of these, two came from urine specimens and one from a vaginal swab. None of the C. Dubliniensis isolates showed resistance against fluconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin B. The study reinforces the usefulness of sunflower seed agar in presumptive identification of C. Dubliniensis and confirms the prevailing view that this species forms only a minor constituent of Candida species occurring in vagina or other anatomic sites of non-HIV/AIDS-infected individuals.
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tobacco agar a new medium for differentiating Candida Dubliniensis from Candida albicans
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2004Co-Authors: Zia U Khan, Suhail Ahmad, Eiman Mokaddas, Rachel ChandyAbstract:Isolates of Candida Dubliniensis may be misidentified as Candida albicans in microbiological laboratories if only the germ tube and/or the chlamydospore test is used for identification to the species level. In this study, we have evaluated the efficacy of tobacco agar for the differentiation of C. Dubliniensis from C. albicans. On this medium at 28°C, all 30 C. Dubliniensis isolates produced yellowish-brown colonies with hyphal fringes and abundant chlamydospores, whereas 54 C. albicans isolates formed smooth, white-to-cream-colored colonies with no chlamydospore production. This medium provides a simple tool for presumptive differentiation of C. Dubliniensis from C. albicans.
Suhail Ahmad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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performance comparison of phenotypic and molecular methods for detection and differentiation of Candida albicans and Candida Dubliniensis
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2012Co-Authors: Suhail Ahmad, Z U Khan, Mohammad Asadzadeh, Ajmal Theyyathel, Rachel ChandyAbstract:Background Candida albicans is the most pathogenic Candida species but shares many phenotypic features with Candida Dubliniensis and may, therefore, be misidentified in clinical microbiology laboratories. Candidemia cases due to C. Dubliniensis are increasingly being reported in recent years. Accurate identification is warranted since mortality rates are highest for C. albicans infections, however, C. Dubliniensis has the propensity to develop resistance against azoles more easily. We developed a duplex PCR assay for rapid detection and differentiation of C. albicans from C. Dubliniensis for resource-poor settings equipped with basic PCR technology and compared its performance with three phenotypic methods.
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Candida Dubliniensis an appraisal of its clinical significance as a bloodstream pathogen
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Z U Khan, Suhail Ahmad, Leena Joseph, Rachel ChandyAbstract:A nine-year prospective study (2002–2010) on the prevalence of Candida Dubliniensis among Candida bloodstream isolates is presented. The germ tube positive isolates were provisionally identified as C. Dubliniensis by presence of fringed and rough colonies on sunflower seed agar. Subsequently, their identity was confirmed by Vitek2 Yeast identification system and/or by amplification and sequencing of the ITS region of rDNA. In all, 368 isolates were identified as C. Dubliniensis; 67.1% came from respiratory specimens, 11.7% from oral swabs, 9.2% from urine, 3.8% from blood, 2.7% from vaginal swabs and 5.4% from other sources. All C. Dubliniensis isolates tested by Etest were susceptible to voriconazole and amphotericin B. Resistance to fluconazole (≥8 µg/ml) was observed in 2.5% of C. Dubliniensis isolates, 7 of which occurred between 2008–2010. Of note was the diagnosis of C. Dubliniensis candidemia in 14 patients, 11 of them occurring between 2008–2010. None of the bloodstream isolate was resistant to fluconazole, while a solitary isolate showed increased MIC to 5-flucytosine (>32 µg/ml) and belonged to genotype 4. A review of literature since 1999 revealed 28 additional cases of C. Dubliniensis candidemia, and 167 isolates identified from blood cultures since 1982. In conclusion, this study highlights a greater role of C. Dubliniensis in bloodstream infections than hitherto recognized.
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rapid discrimination between Candida albicans and Candida Dubliniensis by using real time polymerase chain reaction
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2007Co-Authors: Ferenc Somogyvari, Suhail Ahmad, Ilona Doczi, Julianna Serly, Elizabeth NagyAbstract:Several phenotypic methods have been used for the differentiation of Candida albicans and Candida Dubliniensis, but molecular investigations are considered most reliable in their diagnostic value. Here, we suggest a rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction assay where the discrimination was achieved through melting point analysis with the help of the nonspecific fluorescent dye SybrGreen.
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prevalence of Candida Dubliniensis among germ tube positive Candida isolates in a maternity hospital in kuwait
Mycoses, 2005Co-Authors: Noura Alsweih, Suhail Ahmad, Zia U Khan, Seema Khan, Rachel ChandyAbstract:In this study, 1644 germ tube-positive Candida isolates from a maternity hospital was prospectively examined for the prevalence of Candida Dubliniensis. Candida species were isolated from different clinical specimens, but majority (>90%) of them came from high vaginal swabs and urine specimens. The phenotypic and molecular identification methods for C. Dubliniensis included production of rough colonies and chlamydospores on simplified sunflower seed agar, determination of assimilation profile by Vitek 2 yeast identification system, specific amplification of rDNA of internally transcribed spacer (ITS)-2 region by semi-nested PCR and direct DNA sequencing of the ITS-1 and ITS-2 regions. Three germ tube-positive Candida isolates were identified as C. Dubliniensis with an overall prevalence of 0.2%. Of these, two came from urine specimens and one from a vaginal swab. None of the C. Dubliniensis isolates showed resistance against fluconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin B. The study reinforces the usefulness of sunflower seed agar in presumptive identification of C. Dubliniensis and confirms the prevailing view that this species forms only a minor constituent of Candida species occurring in vagina or other anatomic sites of non-HIV/AIDS-infected individuals.
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tobacco agar a new medium for differentiating Candida Dubliniensis from Candida albicans
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2004Co-Authors: Zia U Khan, Suhail Ahmad, Eiman Mokaddas, Rachel ChandyAbstract:Isolates of Candida Dubliniensis may be misidentified as Candida albicans in microbiological laboratories if only the germ tube and/or the chlamydospore test is used for identification to the species level. In this study, we have evaluated the efficacy of tobacco agar for the differentiation of C. Dubliniensis from C. albicans. On this medium at 28°C, all 30 C. Dubliniensis isolates produced yellowish-brown colonies with hyphal fringes and abundant chlamydospores, whereas 54 C. albicans isolates formed smooth, white-to-cream-colored colonies with no chlamydospore production. This medium provides a simple tool for presumptive differentiation of C. Dubliniensis from C. albicans.
Guanghua Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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discovery of the gray phenotype and white gray opaque tristable phenotypic transitions in Candida Dubliniensis
Virulence, 2016Co-Authors: Huizhen Yue, Guobo Guan, Li Tao, Guanghua HuangAbstract:Candida Dubliniensis is closely related to Candida albicans, a major causative agent of candidiasis, and is primarily associated with oral colonization and infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. Despite the high similarity of genomic and phenotypic features between the 2 species, C. Dubliniensis is much less virulent and less prevalent than C. albicans. The ability to change morphological phenotypes is a striking feature of Candida species and is linked to virulence. In this study, we report a novel phenotype, the gray phenotype, in C. Dubliniensis. Together with the previously reported white and opaque cell types, the gray phenotype forms a tristable phenotypic switching system in C. Dubliniensis that is similar to the white-gray-opaque tristable switching system in C. albicans. Gray cells of C. Dubliniensis are similar to their counterparts in C. albicans in terms of several biological aspects including cellular morphology, mating competence, and genetic regulatory mechanisms. However, the gray phenotypes of the 2 species have some distinguishing features. For example, the secreted aspartyl protease (Sap) activity is induced by bovine serum albumin (BSA) in gray cells of C. albicans, but not in gray cells of C. Dubliniensis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the biological features and regulatory mechanisms of white-gray-opaque tristable transitions are largely conserved in the 2 pathogenic Candida species.
