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Daesub Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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viral dominance of reassortants between Canine Influenza h3n2 and pandemic 2009 h1n1 viruses from a naturally co infected dog
Virology Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Kwangsoo Lyoo, Bokyu Kang, Jeongki Kim, Hyoungjoon Moon, Min Joo Yeom, Minki Hong, Eunjung Song, Doojin Kim, Daesub SongAbstract:Since avian-origin H3N2 Canine Influenza virus (CIV) was first identified in South Korea in 2008, the novel Influenza virus has been reported in several countries in Asia. Reverse zoonotic transmission of pandemic H1N1 (2009) Influenza virus (pH1N1) has been observed in a broad range of animal species. Viral dominance and characterization of the reassortants of both viruses was undertaken in the present study. Here we describe the viral dominance of 23 CIV reassortants between pH1N1 and Canine H3N2 Influenza viruses from a naturally co-infected dog. These results indicate that the M gene of pandemic H1N1 and the HA gene of Canine H3N2 are predominant in the reassortants. Furthermore, unlike the original Canine H3N2 virus, some reassortants showed high pathogenicity in mice. This study suggests that continuous monitoring of Influenza infection in companion animals may be necessary to investigate the potential of the emergence of novel Influenza viruses.
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comparative analysis of virulence of a novel avian origin h3n2 Canine Influenza virus in various host species
Virus Research, 2015Co-Authors: Kwangsoo Lyoo, Bokyu Kang, Bongkyun Park, Robert G Webster, Jeongki Kim, Hyoungjoon Moon, Jongman Kim, Manki Song, Sanghyun Kim, Daesub SongAbstract:A novel avian-origin H3N2 Canine Influenza A virus (CIV) that showed high sequence similarities in hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes with those of non-pathogenic avian Influenza viruses was isolated in our routine surveillance program in South Korea. We previously reported that the pathogenicity of this strain could be reproduced in dogs and cats. In the present study, the host tropism of H3N2 CIV was examined by experimental inoculation into several host species, including chickens, pigs, mice, guinea pigs, and ferrets. The CIV infection resulted in no overt symptoms of disease in these host species. However, sero-conversion, virus shedding, and gross and histopathologic lung lesions were observed in guinea pig and ferrets but not in pigs, or mice. Based on the genetic similarity of our H3N2 CIV with currently circulating avian Influenza viruses and the presence of α-2,3-linked rather than α-2,6-linked sialic acid receptors in the respiratory tract of dogs, we believed that this strain of CIV would have avian virus-like receptor specificity, but that seems to be contrary to our findings in the present study. Further studies are needed to determine the co-receptors of hemagglutinin or post-attachment factors related to virus internalization or pathogenesis in other animals.
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a novel Canine Influenza h3n2 virus isolated from cats in an animal shelter
Veterinary Microbiology, 2013Co-Authors: Hyeyoung Jeoung, Daesub Song, Bokyu Kang, Seongin Lim, Bohye Shin, Jiae Lim, Jaeyoung Song, Hyoungjoon MoonAbstract:The interspecies transmission of avian-origin H3N2 Canine Influenza virus (CIV) to dogs was first reported in 2007. The present study characterized a novel CIV H3N2 isolated from cats in an animal shelter. A comparative analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the A/Canine/Korea/CY009/2010(H3N2) (CY009) and A/Feline/Korea/FY028/2010 (H3N2) (FY028) strains isolated from dogs and cats, respectively, in the animal shelter identified point mutations in 18 amino acid positions within eight viral genes. Interestingly, CY009 and FY028 replicated well in specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs and in mice, respectively. Mice infected with the FY028 strain exhibited significant over expression of IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ (p<0.001) at 3 days postinfection. Thus, an emergency monitoring system should be developed to identify Influenza mutations that occur during interspecies transmission in companion animals and for continuous public health surveillance.
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inter and intraspecies transmission of Canine Influenza virus h3n2 in dogs cats and ferrets
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 2013Co-Authors: Hyekwon Kim, Daesub Song, Seongjun Park, Bongkyun Park, Robert G Webster, Hyoungjoon Moon, Min Joo Yeom, Minki Hong, Richard J Webby, Jeongki KimAbstract:Background The emergence of zoonotic viruses in domestic animals is a significant public health concern. Canine Influenza virus (CIV) H3N2 is a virus that can infect companion animals and is, therefore, a potential public health concern. Objective This study investigated the inter- and intraspecies transmission of CIV among dogs, cats, and ferrets, under laboratory conditions, to determine whether transmission of the virus was possible between as well as within these domestic animal species. Method The transmission routes for inter- and intraspecies transmission were airborne and direct contact, respectively. Transmission was conducted through intranasal infection of dogs followed by exposure to either cats or ferrets and by comingling infected and naive animals of the same species. Results The interspecies transmission of CIV H3N2 via airborne was only observed from dogs to cats and not from dogs to ferrets. However, direct intranasal infection of either cats or ferrets with CIV could induce Influenza-like clinical signs, viral shedding, and serological responses. Additionally, naive cats and ferrets could be infected by CIV via direct contact with infected animals of the same species. Conclusion Cats appear to be another susceptible host of CIV H3N2, whereas ferrets are not likely natural hosts. The molecular-based mechanism of interspecies and intraspecies transmission of CIV H3N2 should be further studied.
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complete genome sequence of an avian origin h3n2 Canine Influenza virus isolated from dogs in south korea
Journal of Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Seongjun Park, Daesub Song, Bokyu Kang, Bongkyun Park, Jeongki Kim, Hyoungjoon Moon, Minki Hong, Haryoung PooAbstract:ABSTRACT An avian-origin Korean H3N2 Canine Influenza virus (CIV) strain, designated A/Canine/Korea/01/2007 (H3N2), was isolated from nasal swabs of pet dogs exhibiting severe respiratory syndrome in 2007. In the present study, we report the first complete genome sequence containing 3′ and 5′ noncoding regions (NCRs) of H3N2 CIV, which will provide important insights into the molecular basis of pathogenesis, transmission, and evolution of CIV.
Edward J. Dubovi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multiple incursions and recurrent epidemic fade out of h3n2 Canine Influenza a virus in the united states
Journal of Virology, 2018Co-Authors: Ian E. H. Voorhees, Benjamin D Dalziel, Sandra Newbury, Kathy Tooheykurth, Shuo Su, Pablo Ramiro Murcia, Amy L Glaser, Edward J. Dubovi, Divya KritiAbstract:Avian-origin H3N2 Canine Influenza virus (CIV) transferred to dogs in Asia around 2005, becoming enzootic throughout China and South Korea before reaching the United States in early 2015. To understand the posttransfer evolution and epidemiology of this virus, particularly the cause of recent and ongoing increases in incidence in the United States, we performed an integrated analysis of whole-genome sequence data from 64 newly sequenced viruses and comprehensive surveillance data. This revealed that the circulation of H3N2 CIV within the United States is typified by recurrent epidemic burst–fade-out dynamics driven by multiple introductions of virus from Asia. Although all major viral lineages displayed similar rates of genomic sequence evolution, H3N2 CIV consistently exhibited proportionally more nonsynonymous substitutions per site than those in avian reservoir viruses, which is indicative of a large-scale change in selection pressures. Despite these genotypic differences, we found no evidence of adaptive evolution or increased viral transmission, with epidemiological models indicating a basic reproductive number, R0, of between 1 and 1.5 across nearly all U.S. outbreaks, consistent with maintained but heterogeneous circulation. We propose that CIV's mode of viral circulation may have resulted in evolutionary cul-de-sacs, in which there is little opportunity for the selection of the more transmissible H3N2 CIV phenotypes necessary to enable circulation through a general dog population characterized by widespread contact heterogeneity. CIV must therefore rely on metapopulations of high host density (such as animal shelters and kennels) within the greater dog population and reintroduction from other populations or face complete epidemic extinction. IMPORTANCE The relatively recent appearance of Influenza A virus (IAV) epidemics in dogs expands our understanding of IAV host range and ecology, providing useful and relevant models for understanding critical factors involved in viral emergence. Here we integrate viral whole-genome sequence analysis and comprehensive surveillance data to examine the evolution of the emerging avian-origin H3N2 Canine Influenza virus (CIV), particularly the factors driving ongoing circulation and recent increases in incidence of the virus within the United States. Our results provide a detailed understanding of how H3N2 CIV achieves sustained circulation within the United States despite widespread host contact heterogeneity and recurrent epidemic fade-out. Moreover, our findings suggest that the types and intensities of selection pressures an emerging virus experiences are highly dependent on host population structure and ecology and may inhibit an emerging virus from acquiring sustained epidemic or pandemic circulation.
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spread of Canine Influenza a h3n2 virus united states
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2017Co-Authors: Ian E. H. Voorhees, Benjamin D Dalziel, Sandra Newbury, Kathy Tooheykurth, Amy L Glaser, Edward J. Dubovi, Keith P. Poulsen, Christian M Leutenegger, Katriina J E WillgertAbstract:A Canine Influenza A(H3N2) virus emerged in the United States in February-March 2015, causing respiratory disease in dogs. The virus had previously been circulating among dogs in Asia, where it originated through the transfer of an avian-origin Influenza virus around 2005 and continues to circulate. Sequence analysis suggests the US outbreak was initiated by a single introduction, in Chicago, of an H3N2 Canine Influenza virus circulating among dogs in South Korea in 2015. Despite local control measures, the virus has continued circulating among dogs in and around Chicago and has spread to several other areas of the country, particularly Georgia and North Carolina, although these secondary outbreaks appear to have ended within a few months. Some genetic variation has accumulated among the US viruses, with the appearance of regional-temporal lineages. The potential for interspecies transmission and zoonotic events involving this newly emerged Influenza A virus is currently unknown.
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contact heterogeneity rather than transmission efficiency limits the emergence and spread of Canine Influenza virus
PLOS Pathogens, 2014Co-Authors: Benjamin D Dalziel, Edward J. Dubovi, Kai Huang, Edward C Holmes, Jemma L Geoghegan, Nimalan Arinaminpathy, Bryan T Grenfell, Stephen P Ellner, Colin R ParrishAbstract:Host-range shifts in Influenza virus are a major risk factor for pandemics. A key question in the study of emerging zoonoses is how the evolution of transmission efficiency interacts with heterogeneity in contact patterns in the new host species, as this interplay influences disease dynamics and prospects for control. Here we use a synergistic mixture of models and data to tease apart the evolutionary and demographic processes controlling a host-range shift in equine H3N8-derived Canine Influenza virus (CIV). CIV has experienced 15 years of continuous transfer among dogs in the United States, but maintains a patchy distribution, characterized by sporadic short-lived outbreaks coupled with endemic hotspots in large animal shelters. We show that CIV has a high reproductive potential in these facilities (mean R0 = 3.9) and that these hotspots act as refugia from the sparsely connected majority of the dog population. Intriguingly, CIV has evolved a transmission efficiency that closely matches the minimum required to persist in these refugia, leaving it poised on the extinction/invasion threshold of the host contact network. Corresponding phylogenetic analyses show strong geographic clustering in three US regions, and that the effective reproductive number of the virus (Re) in the general dog population is close to 1.0. Our results highlight the critical role of host contact structure in CIV dynamics, and show how host contact networks could shape the evolution of pathogen transmission efficiency. Importantly, efficient control measures could eradicate the virus, in turn minimizing the risk of future sustained transmission among companion dogs that could represent a potential new axis to the human-animal interface for Influenza.
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prevalence of and exposure factors for seropositivity to h3n8 Canine Influenza virus in dogs with Influenza like illness in the united states
Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association, 2013Co-Authors: Tara C Anderson, Edward J. Dubovi, Paul E J Gibbs, Cynda P Crawford, Jorge A HernandezAbstract:Objective—To estimate the seroprevalence of antibodies against H3N8 Canine Influenza virus (CIV) in a population of US dogs with Influenza-like illness (ILI) and to identify factors associated with seropositivity. Design—Cross-sectional study. Animals—1,268 pet and shelter dogs with ILI in 42 states. Procedures—Serum samples collected from dogs from 2005 through June 2009 were tested for H3N8 CIV antibodies with a hemagglutination inhibition assay. Intrinsic factors (age, breed, and sex), extrinsic factors (dogs housed in a shelter facility, boarding kennel, or other setting), and geographic region (southwest, west, Midwest, southeast, and northeast) were compared between seropositive and seronegative dogs to identify variables associated with seropositivity. Results—Most (750/1,268 [59%]) dogs in the study were from Colorado, Florida, or New York. The overall seroprevalence of antibodies against H3N8 CIV was 49% (618/1,268 dogs; 95% confidence interval, 46% to 51%). The annual prevalence of H3N8 CIV sero...
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diagnostic performance of the Canine Influenza a virus subtype h3n8 hemagglutination inhibition assay
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2012Co-Authors: Tara C Anderson, Gabriele A. Landolt, Edward J. Dubovi, Cynda P Crawford, Jacqueline M Katz, Paul E J GibbsAbstract:Canine Influenza A virus subtype H3N8 (H3N8 CIV) was recognized in 2004 as a novel respiratory pathogen for dogs. To date, infections have been diagnosed in thousands of dogs in 38 U.S. states. Diagnostic techniques such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and virus isolation may yield false-negative results if samples are collected after virus shedding has ceased. Therefore, serology is often necessary to confirm diagnosis. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay is the test of choice for serological diagnosis of Influenza infections in animals. However, discrepancies exist between diagnostic laboratories and research groups in some of the test parameters for the H3N8 CIV HI assay and the cutoff antibody titer for seropositivity. The objectives of the current study were 1) to assess the diagnostic performance of a H3N8 CIV HI assay using field sera from Canine infectious respiratory disease outbreaks and 2) to evaluate the effect of test parameter variations on test performance...
Bongkyun Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative analysis of virulence of a novel avian origin h3n2 Canine Influenza virus in various host species
Virus Research, 2015Co-Authors: Kwangsoo Lyoo, Bokyu Kang, Bongkyun Park, Robert G Webster, Jeongki Kim, Hyoungjoon Moon, Jongman Kim, Manki Song, Sanghyun Kim, Daesub SongAbstract:A novel avian-origin H3N2 Canine Influenza A virus (CIV) that showed high sequence similarities in hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes with those of non-pathogenic avian Influenza viruses was isolated in our routine surveillance program in South Korea. We previously reported that the pathogenicity of this strain could be reproduced in dogs and cats. In the present study, the host tropism of H3N2 CIV was examined by experimental inoculation into several host species, including chickens, pigs, mice, guinea pigs, and ferrets. The CIV infection resulted in no overt symptoms of disease in these host species. However, sero-conversion, virus shedding, and gross and histopathologic lung lesions were observed in guinea pig and ferrets but not in pigs, or mice. Based on the genetic similarity of our H3N2 CIV with currently circulating avian Influenza viruses and the presence of α-2,3-linked rather than α-2,6-linked sialic acid receptors in the respiratory tract of dogs, we believed that this strain of CIV would have avian virus-like receptor specificity, but that seems to be contrary to our findings in the present study. Further studies are needed to determine the co-receptors of hemagglutinin or post-attachment factors related to virus internalization or pathogenesis in other animals.
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inter and intraspecies transmission of Canine Influenza virus h3n2 in dogs cats and ferrets
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 2013Co-Authors: Hyekwon Kim, Daesub Song, Seongjun Park, Bongkyun Park, Robert G Webster, Hyoungjoon Moon, Min Joo Yeom, Minki Hong, Richard J Webby, Jeongki KimAbstract:Background The emergence of zoonotic viruses in domestic animals is a significant public health concern. Canine Influenza virus (CIV) H3N2 is a virus that can infect companion animals and is, therefore, a potential public health concern. Objective This study investigated the inter- and intraspecies transmission of CIV among dogs, cats, and ferrets, under laboratory conditions, to determine whether transmission of the virus was possible between as well as within these domestic animal species. Method The transmission routes for inter- and intraspecies transmission were airborne and direct contact, respectively. Transmission was conducted through intranasal infection of dogs followed by exposure to either cats or ferrets and by comingling infected and naive animals of the same species. Results The interspecies transmission of CIV H3N2 via airborne was only observed from dogs to cats and not from dogs to ferrets. However, direct intranasal infection of either cats or ferrets with CIV could induce Influenza-like clinical signs, viral shedding, and serological responses. Additionally, naive cats and ferrets could be infected by CIV via direct contact with infected animals of the same species. Conclusion Cats appear to be another susceptible host of CIV H3N2, whereas ferrets are not likely natural hosts. The molecular-based mechanism of interspecies and intraspecies transmission of CIV H3N2 should be further studied.
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complete genome sequence of an avian origin h3n2 Canine Influenza virus isolated from dogs in south korea
Journal of Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Seongjun Park, Daesub Song, Bokyu Kang, Bongkyun Park, Jeongki Kim, Hyoungjoon Moon, Minki Hong, Haryoung PooAbstract:ABSTRACT An avian-origin Korean H3N2 Canine Influenza virus (CIV) strain, designated A/Canine/Korea/01/2007 (H3N2), was isolated from nasal swabs of pet dogs exhibiting severe respiratory syndrome in 2007. In the present study, we report the first complete genome sequence containing 3′ and 5′ noncoding regions (NCRs) of H3N2 CIV, which will provide important insights into the molecular basis of pathogenesis, transmission, and evolution of CIV.
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a novel reassortant Canine h3n1 Influenza virus between pandemic h1n1 and Canine h3n2 Influenza viruses in korea
Journal of General Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Daesub Song, Seongjun Park, Hyoungjoon Moon, Hyeyoung Jeoung, Min Joo Yeom, Hyekwon Kim, Minki Hong, Jeonghyun Nam, Bongkyun ParkAbstract:During recent Canine Influenza surveillance in South Korea, a novel H3N1 Canine Influenza virus (CIV) that is a putative reassortant between pandemic H1N1 2009 and H3N2 CIVs was isolated. Genetic analysis of eight genes of the Influenza virus revealed that the novel H3N1 isolate presented high similarities (99.1–99.9 %) to pandemic Influenza H1N1, except for in the haemagglutinin (HA) gene. The HA gene nucleotide sequence of the novel CIV H3N1 was similar (99.6 %) to that of CIV H3N2 isolated in Korea and China. Dogs infected with the novel H3N1 CIV did not show any notable symptoms, in contrast to dogs infected with H3N2 CIV. Despite no visible clinical signs of disease, nasal shedding of virus was detected and the infected dogs presented mild histopathological changes.
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interspecies transmission of the Canine Influenza h3n2 virus to domestic cats in south korea 2010
Journal of General Virology, 2011Co-Authors: Daesub Song, Seongjun Park, Bongkyun Park, Hyoungjoon Moon, Min Joo Yeom, H Y Jeong, W S Jeong, Hyekwon Kim, S Y Han, Jeongki KimAbstract:In the past 4 years, incidences of endemic or epidemic respiratory diseases associated with Canine Influenza H3N2 virus in Asian dogs have been reported in countries such as South Korea and China. Canine species were considered to be the new natural hosts for this virus. However, at the beginning of 2010, Influenza-like respiratory signs, such as dyspnoea, were also observed among cats as well as in dogs in an animal shelter located in Seoul, South Korea. The affected cats showed 100 % morbidity and 40 % mortality. We were able to isolate a virus from a lung specimen of a dead cat, which had suffered from the respiratory disease, in embryonated-chicken eggs. The eight viral genes isolated were almost identical to those of the Canine Influenza H3N2 virus, suggesting interspecies transmission of Canine Influenza H3N2 virus to the cat. Moreover, three domestic cats infected with intranasal Canine/Korea/GCVP01/07 (H3N2) all showed elevated rectal temperatures, nasal virus shedding and severe pulmonary lesions, such as suppurative bronchopneumonia. Our study shows, for the first time, that cats are susceptible to Canine Influenza H3N2 infection, suggesting that cats may play an intermediate host role in transmitting the H3N2 virus among feline and Canine species, which could lead to the endemic establishment of the virus in companion animals. Such a scenario raises a public health concern, as the possibility of the emergence of new recombinant feline or Canine Influenza viruses in companion animals with the potential to act as a zoonotic infection cannot be excluded.
Hyoungjoon Moon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparison of the virulence of three h3n2 Canine Influenza virus isolates from korea and china in mouse and guinea pig models
BMC Veterinary Research, 2018Co-Authors: Xing Xie, Hyoungjoon Moon, Min Joo Yeom, Aram Kang, Heejun Yuk, Sung-jae Kim, Hyun-woo Kim, Jeongki KimAbstract:Avian-origin H3N2 Canine Influenza virus (CIV) has been the most common subtype in Korea and China since 2007. Here, we compared the pathogenicity and transmissibility of three H3N2 CIV strains [Chinese CIV (JS/10), Korean CIV (KR/07), and Korean recombinant CIV between the classic H3N2 CIV and the pandemic H1N1 virus (MV/12)] in BALB/c mouse and guinea pig models. The pandemic H1N1 (CA/09) strain served as the control. BALB/c mice infected with H1N1 had high mortality and obvious body weight loss, whereas no overt disease symptoms were observed in mice inoculated with H3N2 CIV strains. The viral titers were higher in the group MV/12 than those in groups JS/10 and KR/07, while the mice infected with JS/10 showed higher viral titers in all tissues (except for the lung) than the mice infected with KR/07. The data obtained in guinea pigs also demonstrated that group MV/12 presented the highest loads in most of the tissues, followed by group JS/10 and KR/07. Also, direct contact transmissions of all the three CIV strains could be observed in guinea pigs, and for the inoculated and the contact groups, the viral titer of group MV/12 and KR/07 was higher than that of group JS/10 in nasal swabs. These findings indicated that the matrix (M) gene obtained from the pandemic H1N1 may enhance viral replication of classic H3N2 CIV; JS/10 has stronger viral replication ability in tissues as compared to KR/07, whereas KR/07 infected guinea pigs have more viral shedding than JS/10 infected guinea pigs. There exists a discrepancy in pathobiology among CIV isolates. Reverse genetics regarding the genomes of CIV isolates will be helpful to further explain the virus characteristics.
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Comparison of the virulence of three H3N2 Canine Influenza virus isolates from Korea and China in mouse and Guinea pig models
BMC, 2018Co-Authors: Xing Xie, Jeongki Kim, Hyoungjoon Moon, Min Joo Yeom, Aram Kang, Heejun Yuk, Sung-jae Kim, Hyun-woo Kim, Maoda PangAbstract:Abstract Background Avian-origin H3N2 Canine Influenza virus (CIV) has been the most common subtype in Korea and China since 2007. Here, we compared the pathogenicity and transmissibility of three H3N2 CIV strains [Chinese CIV (JS/10), Korean CIV (KR/07), and Korean recombinant CIV between the classic H3N2 CIV and the pandemic H1N1 virus (MV/12)] in BALB/c mouse and guinea pig models. The pandemic H1N1 (CA/09) strain served as the control. Results BALB/c mice infected with H1N1 had high mortality and obvious body weight loss, whereas no overt disease symptoms were observed in mice inoculated with H3N2 CIV strains. The viral titers were higher in the group MV/12 than those in groups JS/10 and KR/07, while the mice infected with JS/10 showed higher viral titers in all tissues (except for the lung) than the mice infected with KR/07. The data obtained in guinea pigs also demonstrated that group MV/12 presented the highest loads in most of the tissues, followed by group JS/10 and KR/07. Also, direct contact transmissions of all the three CIV strains could be observed in guinea pigs, and for the inoculated and the contact groups, the viral titer of group MV/12 and KR/07 was higher than that of group JS/10 in nasal swabs. These findings indicated that the matrix (M) gene obtained from the pandemic H1N1 may enhance viral replication of classic H3N2 CIV; JS/10 has stronger viral replication ability in tissues as compared to KR/07, whereas KR/07 infected guinea pigs have more viral shedding than JS/10 infected guinea pigs. Conclusions There exists a discrepancy in pathobiology among CIV isolates. Reverse genetics regarding the genomes of CIV isolates will be helpful to further explain the virus characteristics
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viral dominance of reassortants between Canine Influenza h3n2 and pandemic 2009 h1n1 viruses from a naturally co infected dog
Virology Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Kwangsoo Lyoo, Bokyu Kang, Jeongki Kim, Hyoungjoon Moon, Min Joo Yeom, Minki Hong, Eunjung Song, Doojin Kim, Daesub SongAbstract:Since avian-origin H3N2 Canine Influenza virus (CIV) was first identified in South Korea in 2008, the novel Influenza virus has been reported in several countries in Asia. Reverse zoonotic transmission of pandemic H1N1 (2009) Influenza virus (pH1N1) has been observed in a broad range of animal species. Viral dominance and characterization of the reassortants of both viruses was undertaken in the present study. Here we describe the viral dominance of 23 CIV reassortants between pH1N1 and Canine H3N2 Influenza viruses from a naturally co-infected dog. These results indicate that the M gene of pandemic H1N1 and the HA gene of Canine H3N2 are predominant in the reassortants. Furthermore, unlike the original Canine H3N2 virus, some reassortants showed high pathogenicity in mice. This study suggests that continuous monitoring of Influenza infection in companion animals may be necessary to investigate the potential of the emergence of novel Influenza viruses.
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comparative analysis of virulence of a novel avian origin h3n2 Canine Influenza virus in various host species
Virus Research, 2015Co-Authors: Kwangsoo Lyoo, Bokyu Kang, Bongkyun Park, Robert G Webster, Jeongki Kim, Hyoungjoon Moon, Jongman Kim, Manki Song, Sanghyun Kim, Daesub SongAbstract:A novel avian-origin H3N2 Canine Influenza A virus (CIV) that showed high sequence similarities in hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes with those of non-pathogenic avian Influenza viruses was isolated in our routine surveillance program in South Korea. We previously reported that the pathogenicity of this strain could be reproduced in dogs and cats. In the present study, the host tropism of H3N2 CIV was examined by experimental inoculation into several host species, including chickens, pigs, mice, guinea pigs, and ferrets. The CIV infection resulted in no overt symptoms of disease in these host species. However, sero-conversion, virus shedding, and gross and histopathologic lung lesions were observed in guinea pig and ferrets but not in pigs, or mice. Based on the genetic similarity of our H3N2 CIV with currently circulating avian Influenza viruses and the presence of α-2,3-linked rather than α-2,6-linked sialic acid receptors in the respiratory tract of dogs, we believed that this strain of CIV would have avian virus-like receptor specificity, but that seems to be contrary to our findings in the present study. Further studies are needed to determine the co-receptors of hemagglutinin or post-attachment factors related to virus internalization or pathogenesis in other animals.
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a novel Canine Influenza h3n2 virus isolated from cats in an animal shelter
Veterinary Microbiology, 2013Co-Authors: Hyeyoung Jeoung, Daesub Song, Bokyu Kang, Seongin Lim, Bohye Shin, Jiae Lim, Jaeyoung Song, Hyoungjoon MoonAbstract:The interspecies transmission of avian-origin H3N2 Canine Influenza virus (CIV) to dogs was first reported in 2007. The present study characterized a novel CIV H3N2 isolated from cats in an animal shelter. A comparative analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the A/Canine/Korea/CY009/2010(H3N2) (CY009) and A/Feline/Korea/FY028/2010 (H3N2) (FY028) strains isolated from dogs and cats, respectively, in the animal shelter identified point mutations in 18 amino acid positions within eight viral genes. Interestingly, CY009 and FY028 replicated well in specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs and in mice, respectively. Mice infected with the FY028 strain exhibited significant over expression of IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ (p<0.001) at 3 days postinfection. Thus, an emergency monitoring system should be developed to identify Influenza mutations that occur during interspecies transmission in companion animals and for continuous public health surveillance.
Bokyu Kang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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viral dominance of reassortants between Canine Influenza h3n2 and pandemic 2009 h1n1 viruses from a naturally co infected dog
Virology Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Kwangsoo Lyoo, Bokyu Kang, Jeongki Kim, Hyoungjoon Moon, Min Joo Yeom, Minki Hong, Eunjung Song, Doojin Kim, Daesub SongAbstract:Since avian-origin H3N2 Canine Influenza virus (CIV) was first identified in South Korea in 2008, the novel Influenza virus has been reported in several countries in Asia. Reverse zoonotic transmission of pandemic H1N1 (2009) Influenza virus (pH1N1) has been observed in a broad range of animal species. Viral dominance and characterization of the reassortants of both viruses was undertaken in the present study. Here we describe the viral dominance of 23 CIV reassortants between pH1N1 and Canine H3N2 Influenza viruses from a naturally co-infected dog. These results indicate that the M gene of pandemic H1N1 and the HA gene of Canine H3N2 are predominant in the reassortants. Furthermore, unlike the original Canine H3N2 virus, some reassortants showed high pathogenicity in mice. This study suggests that continuous monitoring of Influenza infection in companion animals may be necessary to investigate the potential of the emergence of novel Influenza viruses.
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comparative analysis of virulence of a novel avian origin h3n2 Canine Influenza virus in various host species
Virus Research, 2015Co-Authors: Kwangsoo Lyoo, Bokyu Kang, Bongkyun Park, Robert G Webster, Jeongki Kim, Hyoungjoon Moon, Jongman Kim, Manki Song, Sanghyun Kim, Daesub SongAbstract:A novel avian-origin H3N2 Canine Influenza A virus (CIV) that showed high sequence similarities in hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes with those of non-pathogenic avian Influenza viruses was isolated in our routine surveillance program in South Korea. We previously reported that the pathogenicity of this strain could be reproduced in dogs and cats. In the present study, the host tropism of H3N2 CIV was examined by experimental inoculation into several host species, including chickens, pigs, mice, guinea pigs, and ferrets. The CIV infection resulted in no overt symptoms of disease in these host species. However, sero-conversion, virus shedding, and gross and histopathologic lung lesions were observed in guinea pig and ferrets but not in pigs, or mice. Based on the genetic similarity of our H3N2 CIV with currently circulating avian Influenza viruses and the presence of α-2,3-linked rather than α-2,6-linked sialic acid receptors in the respiratory tract of dogs, we believed that this strain of CIV would have avian virus-like receptor specificity, but that seems to be contrary to our findings in the present study. Further studies are needed to determine the co-receptors of hemagglutinin or post-attachment factors related to virus internalization or pathogenesis in other animals.
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a novel Canine Influenza h3n2 virus isolated from cats in an animal shelter
Veterinary Microbiology, 2013Co-Authors: Hyeyoung Jeoung, Daesub Song, Bokyu Kang, Seongin Lim, Bohye Shin, Jiae Lim, Jaeyoung Song, Hyoungjoon MoonAbstract:The interspecies transmission of avian-origin H3N2 Canine Influenza virus (CIV) to dogs was first reported in 2007. The present study characterized a novel CIV H3N2 isolated from cats in an animal shelter. A comparative analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the A/Canine/Korea/CY009/2010(H3N2) (CY009) and A/Feline/Korea/FY028/2010 (H3N2) (FY028) strains isolated from dogs and cats, respectively, in the animal shelter identified point mutations in 18 amino acid positions within eight viral genes. Interestingly, CY009 and FY028 replicated well in specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs and in mice, respectively. Mice infected with the FY028 strain exhibited significant over expression of IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ (p<0.001) at 3 days postinfection. Thus, an emergency monitoring system should be developed to identify Influenza mutations that occur during interspecies transmission in companion animals and for continuous public health surveillance.
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complete genome sequence of an avian origin h3n2 Canine Influenza virus isolated from dogs in south korea
Journal of Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Seongjun Park, Daesub Song, Bokyu Kang, Bongkyun Park, Jeongki Kim, Hyoungjoon Moon, Minki Hong, Haryoung PooAbstract:ABSTRACT An avian-origin Korean H3N2 Canine Influenza virus (CIV) strain, designated A/Canine/Korea/01/2007 (H3N2), was isolated from nasal swabs of pet dogs exhibiting severe respiratory syndrome in 2007. In the present study, we report the first complete genome sequence containing 3′ and 5′ noncoding regions (NCRs) of H3N2 CIV, which will provide important insights into the molecular basis of pathogenesis, transmission, and evolution of CIV.
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association between nasal shedding and fever that Influenza a h3n2 induces in dogs
Virology Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Daesub Song, Kwonil Jung, Bongkyun Park, Hyoungjoon Moon, Jongman Kim, Min Joo Yeom, Hyekwon Kim, Sangyoon Han, Bokyu KangAbstract:Avian origin Canine Influenza virus was reported in Korea. The dog to dog contact transmission of the avian origin Canine Influenza virus (CIV) H3N2 and CIV H3N8 was shown by experimental contact transmission. This study was focused on viral excretion and fever in order to elucidate the epidemiological associations which might be helpful to control the disease transmissions in CIV outbreak in dogs. An Influenza seronegative 10-week-old Beagle dog was experimentally inoculated with the Canine Influenza virus A/Canine/01/2007, subtype H3N2. Eight hours after inoculation, the infected dog was cohoused with seven uninfected Beagle dogs. Clinical signs including fever were recorded for 14 days post inoculation. The infected dog and four of seven contact dogs in the study showed clinical signs (sneezing, nasal discharge and coughing) during the study. Viral shedding occurred in all of the animals tested and began on 1 to 6 DPI in dogs with clinical signs. Elevated body temperatures above 39.5°C (geometric mean temperature of 39.86°C±0.49) were observed in all symptomatic dogs. The mean viral titer during fever was 2.99 log EID50/ml, which was significantly higher than the viral titer detected in the non fever. The data show that contact dogs with a Canine Influenza infected dog shed different levels of virus in their nasal excretions and demonstrate that clinical signs, including fever, significantly correlate with the viral shedding.
