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Nizar Happyana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of cannabinoids in laser microdissected trichomes of medicinal Cannabis Sativa using lcms and cryogenic nmr
Phytochemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Sara Agnolet, Nizar Happyana, Remco Muntendam, Bernd Schneider, Oliver KayserAbstract:Abstract Trichomes, especially the capitate-stalked glandular hairs, are well known as the main sites of cannabinoid and essential oil production of Cannabis Sativa . In this study the distribution and density of various types of Cannabis Sativa L. trichomes, have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, glandular trichomes were isolated over the flowering period (8 weeks) by laser microdissection (LMD) and the cannabinoid profile analyzed by LCMS. Cannabinoids were detected in extracts of 25–143 collected cells of capitate-sessile and capitate stalked trichomes and separately in the gland (head) and the stem of the latter. Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid [THCA (1)], cannabidiolic acid [CBDA (2)], and cannabigerolic acid [CBGA (3)] were identified as most-abundant compounds in all analyzed samples while their decarboxylated derivatives, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol [THC (4)], cannabidiol [CBD (5)], and cannabigerol [CBG (6)], co-detected in all samples, were present at significantly lower levels. Cannabichromene [CBC (8)] along with cannabinol (CBN (9)) were identified as minor compounds only in the samples of intact capitate-stalked trichomes and their heads harvested from 8-week old plants. Cryogenic nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was used to confirm the occurrence of major cannabinoids, THCA (1) and CBDA (2), in capitate-stalked and capitate-sessile trichomes. Cryogenic NMR enabled the additional identification of cannabichromenic acid [CBCA (7)] in the dissected trichomes, which was not possible by LCMS as standard was not available. The hereby documented detection of metabolites in the stems of capitate-stalked trichomes indicates a complex biosynthesis and localization over the trichome cells forming the glandular secretion unit.
Oliver Kayser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Production of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid from cannabigerolic acid by whole cells of Pichia ( Komagataella ) pastoris expressing Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase from Cannabis Sativa l .
Biotechnology letters, 2015Co-Authors: Bastian Zirpel, Felix Stehle, Oliver KayserAbstract:Objective The Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (THCAS) from Cannabis Sativa was expressed intracellularly in different organisms to investigate the potential of a biotechnological production of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) using whole cells.
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analysis of cannabinoids in laser microdissected trichomes of medicinal Cannabis Sativa using lcms and cryogenic nmr
Phytochemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Sara Agnolet, Nizar Happyana, Remco Muntendam, Bernd Schneider, Oliver KayserAbstract:Abstract Trichomes, especially the capitate-stalked glandular hairs, are well known as the main sites of cannabinoid and essential oil production of Cannabis Sativa . In this study the distribution and density of various types of Cannabis Sativa L. trichomes, have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, glandular trichomes were isolated over the flowering period (8 weeks) by laser microdissection (LMD) and the cannabinoid profile analyzed by LCMS. Cannabinoids were detected in extracts of 25–143 collected cells of capitate-sessile and capitate stalked trichomes and separately in the gland (head) and the stem of the latter. Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid [THCA (1)], cannabidiolic acid [CBDA (2)], and cannabigerolic acid [CBGA (3)] were identified as most-abundant compounds in all analyzed samples while their decarboxylated derivatives, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol [THC (4)], cannabidiol [CBD (5)], and cannabigerol [CBG (6)], co-detected in all samples, were present at significantly lower levels. Cannabichromene [CBC (8)] along with cannabinol (CBN (9)) were identified as minor compounds only in the samples of intact capitate-stalked trichomes and their heads harvested from 8-week old plants. Cryogenic nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was used to confirm the occurrence of major cannabinoids, THCA (1) and CBDA (2), in capitate-stalked and capitate-sessile trichomes. Cryogenic NMR enabled the additional identification of cannabichromenic acid [CBCA (7)] in the dissected trichomes, which was not possible by LCMS as standard was not available. The hereby documented detection of metabolites in the stems of capitate-stalked trichomes indicates a complex biosynthesis and localization over the trichome cells forming the glandular secretion unit.
Mahmoud A. Elsohly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Propagation through alginate encapsulation of axillary buds of Cannabis Sativa L.-an important medicinal plant
2020Co-Authors: Hemant Lata, Suman Chandra, Ikhlas A Khan, Mahmoud A. ElsohlyAbstract:ABSTRACT Cannabis Sativa L. (Cannabaceae) is an important medicinal plant well known for its pharmacologic and therapeutic potency. Because of allogamous nature of this species, it is difficult to maintain its potency and efficacy if grown from the seeds. Therefore, chemical profile-based screening, selection of high yielding elite clones and their propagation using biotechnological tools is the most suitable way to maintain their genetic lines. In this regard, we report a simple and efficient method for the in vitro propagation of a screened and selected high yielding drug type variety of Cannabis Sativa, MX-1 using synthetic seed technology. Axillary buds of Cannabis Sativa isolated from aseptic multiple shoot cultures were successfully encapsulated in calcium alginate beads. The best gel complexation was achieved using 5 % sodium alginate with 50 mM CaCl 2 .2H 2 O. Regrowth and conversion after encapsulation was evaluated both under in vitro and in vivo conditions on different planting substrates. The addition of antimicrobial substance -Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM) had a positive effect on overall plantlet development. Encapsulated explants exhibited the best regrowth and conversion frequency on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ 0.5 μM) and PPM (0.075 %) under in vitro conditions. Under in vivo conditions, 100 % conversion of encapsulated explants was obtained on 1:1 potting mix-fertilome with coco natural growth medium, moistened with full strength MS medium without TDZ, supplemented with 3 % sucrose and 0.5 % PPM. Plantlets regenerated from the encapsulated explants were hardened off and successfully transferred to the soil. These plants are selected to be used in mass cultivation for the production of biomass as a starting material for the isolation of THC as a bulk active pharmaceutical
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Phytochemistry of Cannabis Sativa L.
Progress in the chemistry of organic natural products, 2017Co-Authors: Mahmoud A. Elsohly, Mohamed M Radwan, Suman Chandra, Ahmed M. GalalAbstract:Cannabis (Cannabis Sativa, or hemp) and its constituents—in particular the cannabinoids—have been the focus of extensive chemical and biological research for almost half a century since the discovery of the chemical structure of its major active constituent, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). The plant’s behavioral and psychotropic effects are attributed to its content of this class of compounds, the cannabinoids, primarily Δ9-THC, which is produced mainly in the leaves and flower buds of the plant. Besides Δ9-THC, there are also non-psychoactive cannabinoids with several medicinal functions, such as cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene (CBC), and cannabigerol (CBG), along with other non-cannabinoid constituents belonging to diverse classes of natural products. Today, more than 560 constituents have been identified in Cannabis. The recent discoveries of the medicinal properties of Cannabis and the cannabinoids in addition to their potential applications in the treatment of a number of serious illnesses, such as glaucoma, depression, neuralgia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, and alleviation of symptoms of HIV/AIDS and cancer, have given momentum to the quest for further understanding the chemistry, biology, and medicinal properties of this plant.
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Cannabis Sativa l botany and biotechnology
Published in 2017, 2017Co-Authors: Suman Chandra, Hemant Lata, Mahmoud A. ElsohlyAbstract:Classification of Cannabis Sativa L. in relation to agricultural, biotechnological, medical and recreational utilization -- History of Cannabis as Medicine: Nineteenth Century Irish Physicians and Correlations of their Observations to Modern Research -- Cannabis Sativa L.: Botany and Horticulture -- Cannabis Sativa and Cannabis indica versus “Sativa” and “Indica” -- Morpho-anatomy of Marijuana (Cannabis Sativa L.).-Chemical and Morphological Phenotypes in Breeding of Cannabis Sativa L -- Natural Cannabinoids of Cannabis and Methods of Analysis -- Cannabinoids: Biosynthesis and Biotechnological Applications -- The Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potential of Plant Cannabinoids.-Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor Mechanism of Cannabis Sativa L. -- Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Seizures, Convulsions and Epilepsy -- Allergenicity to Cannabis Sativa L. and Methods to Assess Personal Exposure -- Micropropagation of Cannabis Sativa L. – An Update -- Hairy Root Culture as a Biotechnological Tool in C. Sativa -- Genomics and Molecular Markers in Cannabis Sativa L -- The Role of Agrobacterium-Mediated and Other Gene-Transfer Technologies in Cannabis Research and Product Development -- Induction of Polyploidy and Its Effect on Cannabis Sativa L.- Classical and Molecular Cytogenetics of Cannabis Sativa L -- Assessing Genetic Diversity in Cannabis Sativa Using Molecular Approaches -- Cannabis Endophytes and Their Application in Breeding and Physiological Fitness -- Chemical and physical elicitation for enhanced cannabinoid production in Cannabis -- Contaminants of Concern in Cannabis: Microbes, Heavy Metals and Pesticides.
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gene duplication and divergence affecting drug content in Cannabis Sativa
New Phytologist, 2015Co-Authors: George D Weiblen, Mahmoud A. Elsohly, Jonathan P Wenger, Kathleen J Craft, Zlatko Mehmedic, Erin L Treiber, David M MarksAbstract:Summary � Cannabis Sativa is an economically important source of durable fibers, nutritious seeds, and psychoactive drugs but few economic plants are so poorly understood genetically. � Marijuana and hemp were crossed to evaluate competing models of cannabinoid inheritance and to explain the predominance of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) in marijuana compared with cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) in hemp. Individuals in the resulting F2 population were assessed for differential expression of cannabinoid synthase genes and were used in linkage mapping. Genetic markers associated with divergent cannabinoid phenotypes were identified. � Although phenotypic segregation and a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for the THCA/ CBDA ratio were consistent with a simple model of codominant alleles at a single locus, the diversity of THCA and CBDA synthase sequences observed in the mapping population, the position of enzyme coding loci on the map, and patterns of expression suggest multiple linked loci. Phylogenetic analysis further suggests a history of duplication and divergence affecting drug content. � Marijuana is distinguished from hemp by a nonfunctional CBDA synthase that appears to have been positively selected to enhance psychoactivity. An unlinked QTL for cannabinoid quantity may also have played a role in the recent escalation of drug potency.
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Cannabisol a novel δ9 thc dimer possessing a unique methylene bridge isolated from Cannabis Sativa
Planta Medica, 2012Co-Authors: Fazila Zulfiqar, Mohamed M Radwan, Samir A. Ross, Desmond Slade, Safwat A Ahmed, Zulfiqar Ali, Ikhlas A Khan, Mahmoud A. ElsohlyAbstract:Cannabisol (1), a unique dimer of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) with a methylene bridge, was isolated from Cannabis Sativa. This is the first example of a C-bridged dimeric cannabinoid. The structure of 1 was unambiguously deduced by HRESIMS, GCMS, and NMR spectroscopy. A plausible biogenesis of 1 is described.
Sara Agnolet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of cannabinoids in laser microdissected trichomes of medicinal Cannabis Sativa using lcms and cryogenic nmr
Phytochemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Sara Agnolet, Nizar Happyana, Remco Muntendam, Bernd Schneider, Oliver KayserAbstract:Abstract Trichomes, especially the capitate-stalked glandular hairs, are well known as the main sites of cannabinoid and essential oil production of Cannabis Sativa . In this study the distribution and density of various types of Cannabis Sativa L. trichomes, have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, glandular trichomes were isolated over the flowering period (8 weeks) by laser microdissection (LMD) and the cannabinoid profile analyzed by LCMS. Cannabinoids were detected in extracts of 25–143 collected cells of capitate-sessile and capitate stalked trichomes and separately in the gland (head) and the stem of the latter. Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid [THCA (1)], cannabidiolic acid [CBDA (2)], and cannabigerolic acid [CBGA (3)] were identified as most-abundant compounds in all analyzed samples while their decarboxylated derivatives, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol [THC (4)], cannabidiol [CBD (5)], and cannabigerol [CBG (6)], co-detected in all samples, were present at significantly lower levels. Cannabichromene [CBC (8)] along with cannabinol (CBN (9)) were identified as minor compounds only in the samples of intact capitate-stalked trichomes and their heads harvested from 8-week old plants. Cryogenic nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was used to confirm the occurrence of major cannabinoids, THCA (1) and CBDA (2), in capitate-stalked and capitate-sessile trichomes. Cryogenic NMR enabled the additional identification of cannabichromenic acid [CBCA (7)] in the dissected trichomes, which was not possible by LCMS as standard was not available. The hereby documented detection of metabolites in the stems of capitate-stalked trichomes indicates a complex biosynthesis and localization over the trichome cells forming the glandular secretion unit.
Remco Muntendam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of cannabinoids in laser microdissected trichomes of medicinal Cannabis Sativa using lcms and cryogenic nmr
Phytochemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Sara Agnolet, Nizar Happyana, Remco Muntendam, Bernd Schneider, Oliver KayserAbstract:Abstract Trichomes, especially the capitate-stalked glandular hairs, are well known as the main sites of cannabinoid and essential oil production of Cannabis Sativa . In this study the distribution and density of various types of Cannabis Sativa L. trichomes, have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, glandular trichomes were isolated over the flowering period (8 weeks) by laser microdissection (LMD) and the cannabinoid profile analyzed by LCMS. Cannabinoids were detected in extracts of 25–143 collected cells of capitate-sessile and capitate stalked trichomes and separately in the gland (head) and the stem of the latter. Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid [THCA (1)], cannabidiolic acid [CBDA (2)], and cannabigerolic acid [CBGA (3)] were identified as most-abundant compounds in all analyzed samples while their decarboxylated derivatives, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol [THC (4)], cannabidiol [CBD (5)], and cannabigerol [CBG (6)], co-detected in all samples, were present at significantly lower levels. Cannabichromene [CBC (8)] along with cannabinol (CBN (9)) were identified as minor compounds only in the samples of intact capitate-stalked trichomes and their heads harvested from 8-week old plants. Cryogenic nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was used to confirm the occurrence of major cannabinoids, THCA (1) and CBDA (2), in capitate-stalked and capitate-sessile trichomes. Cryogenic NMR enabled the additional identification of cannabichromenic acid [CBCA (7)] in the dissected trichomes, which was not possible by LCMS as standard was not available. The hereby documented detection of metabolites in the stems of capitate-stalked trichomes indicates a complex biosynthesis and localization over the trichome cells forming the glandular secretion unit.
