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Alfredo Jiménez-pérez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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[Supplementary Material] Oviposition by Toxotrypana curvicauda (Diptera: Tephritidae) in small to medium-size cuaguayote and papaya fruits with low sugar content
Florida Entomologist, 2015Co-Authors: Olga Yaneth Martínez-barrera, René Arzuffi, Alfredo Jiménez-pérezAbstract:The papaya fruit fly, Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker (Diptera: Tephritidae), has several known hosts apart from the commercially valuable papaya ( Carica papaya L.; Capparales: Caricaceae), among them Jacaratia mexicana A. DC. (Capparales: Caricaceae), known in Mexico as cuaguayote. Most studies on the papaya fruit fly have been carried out with C. papaya and have neglected the other known host for this fly. We characterized papaya and cuaguayote fruits in which T. curvicauda oviposits in terms of color, length, hardness and thickness of flesh, total solids (as °Brix), and the section (proximal, middle, and distal) of the fruit where the eggs were deposited. Toxotrypana curvicauda females oviposited in medium-size to small but not large fruits of either papaya or cuaguayote. Moreover, females oviposited only in low–sugar content papaya fruits, and mostly (about 88%) in low–sugar content cuaguayote fruits with a small fraction (about 12%) of the eggs laid in medium-size and large fruits. The other variables had no effect on oviposition behavior. This is the first report of T. curvicauda oviposition behavior with respect to cuaguayote. Sumario La Mosca de la Fruta de la Papaya Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker (Diptera: Tephritidae) tiene varios hospederos aparte de la comercialmente importante papaya ( Carica papaya L.; Capparales: Caricaceae), entre ellos Jacaratia mexicana A. DC. (Capparales: Caricaceae) conocida en Mexico como cuaguayote. La mayoria de los estudios realizados con esta mosca han sido en C. papaya prestandole poca atencion a los otros hospederos. Caracterizamos los frutos de papaya y cuaguayote que la T. curvicauda oviposita de acuerdo a su color, longitud, dureza, contenido de solidos totales (como °Bx), y la parte del fruto (proximal, media y distal) donde oviposita sus huevecillos. Las hembras de la T. curvicauda ovipositan frutos de pequenos a medianos con bajo contenido de azucar. Las otras variables medidas no modificaron el comportamiento de oviposicion. Este es el primer reporte del comportamiento de oviposicion de la T. curvicauda en cuaguayote.
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Oviposition by Toxotrypana curvicauda (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Small to Medium-Size Cuaguayote and Papaya Fruits with Low Sugar Content
Florida Entomologist, 2015Co-Authors: Olga Yaneth Martínez-barrera, René Arzuffi, Alfredo Jiménez-pérezAbstract:Summary The papaya fruit fly, Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker (Diptera: Tephritidae), has several known hosts apart from the commercially valuable papaya (Carica papaya L.; Capparales: Caricaceae), among them Jacaratia mexicana A. DC. (Capparales: Caricaceae), known in Mexico as cuaguayote. Most studies on the papaya fruit fly have been carried out with C. papaya and have neglected the other known host for this fly. We characterized papaya and cuaguayote fruits in which T. curvicauda oviposits in terms of color, length, hardness and thickness of flesh, total solids (as °Brix), and the section (proximal, middle, and distal) of the fruit where the eggs were deposited. Toxotrypana curvicauda females oviposited in medium-size to small but not large fruits of either papaya or cuaguayote. Moreover, females oviposited only in low—sugar content papaya fruits, and mostly (about 88%) in low—sugar content cuaguayote fruits with a small fraction (about 12%) of the eggs laid in medium-size and large fruits. The oth...
Barbara Ann Halkier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Glucosinolates: Biosynthesis and Metabolism
Sulphur in Plants, 2003Co-Authors: E. Glawischnig, Michael Dalgaard Mikkelsen, Barbara Ann HalkierAbstract:Glucosinolates are amino acid derived secondary metabolites of the Capparales order, which include the Brassica crops and the model plant Arabidopsis. Tissue disruption brings glucosinolates into contact with myrosinases, thereby producing numerous biologically active compounds (e.g. isothiocyanates, nitriles, and thiocyanates). Following the completion of the Arabidopsis genome, significant progress has been made towards understanding the biosynthetic pathway of glucosinolates as genes involved in amino acid chain-elongation, glucosinolate core structure biosynthesis and side chain modification have been identified and characterized. These results have given new insight into glucosinolate metabolism within the metabolic network of the plant. Furthermore, they have provided important tools for metabolic engineering of glucosinolate profiles to improve nutritional value and pest resistance of crop plants.
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Biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of glucosinolates.
Amino Acids, 2002Co-Authors: Michael Dalgaard Mikkelsen, Bent Larsen Petersen, Carl Erik Olsen, Barbara Ann HalkierAbstract:Glucosinolates are amino acid-derived natural plant products found throughout the Capparales order. Glucosinolates and their degradation products have a wide range of biological activities, e.g. in plant defense as deterrents against insect and fungi. The conversion of amino acids to aldoximes is a key step in glucosinolate biosynthesis. This step is catalyzed by cytochromes P450 from the CYP79 family. The post-aldoxime enzymes in the glucosinolate pathway have high substrate-specificity for the functional group and low substrate-specificity for the side chain. Therefore, we have been able to metabolically engineer new glucosinolate profiles into Arabidopsis by altering the levels of endogenous CYP79s and by introducing exogenous CYP79s. The approach has great potential for design of metabolically engineered plants with improved pest resistance and increased nutritional value.
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Long-distance phloem transport of glucosinolates in Arabidopsis.
Plant Physiology, 2001Co-Authors: Sixue Chen, Carl Erik Olsen, Bent Larsen Petersen, Alexander Schulz, Barbara Ann HalkierAbstract:Glucosinolates are a large group of plant secondary metabolites found mainly in the order Capparales, which includes a large number of economically important Brassica crops and the model plant Arabidopsis. In the present study, several lines of evidence are provided for phloem transport of glucosinolates in Arabidopsis. When radiolabeled p-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate (p-OHBG) and sucrose were co-applied to the tip of detached leaves, both tracers were collected in the phloem exudates at the petioles. Long-distance transport of [14C]p-OHBG was investigated in wild-type and transgenic 35S::CYP79A1 plants, synthesizing high amounts of p-OHBG, which is not a natural constituent of wild-type Arabidopsis. In both wild-type and 35S::CYP79A1 plants, radiolabeled p-OHBG was rapidly transported from the application site into the whole plant and intact p-OHBG was recovered from different tissues. The pattern of distribution of the radioactivity corresponded to that expected for transport of photoassimilates such as sucrose, and was consistent with translocation in phloem following the source-sink relationship. Radiolabeled p-OHBG was shown to accumulate in the seeds of wild-type and 35S::CYP79A1 plants, where p-OHBG had been either exogenously applied or endogenously synthesized from Tyr in the leaves. p-OHBG was found in phloem exudates collected from cut petioles of leaves from both wild-type and 35S::CYP79A1 plants. Phloem exudates were shown to contain intact glucosinolates, and not desulphoglucosinolates, as the transport form. It is concluded that intact glucosinolates are readily loaded into and transported by the phloem.
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In vivo synthesis and purification of radioactivep-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate inSinapis alba L.
Phytochemical Analysis, 2000Co-Authors: Sixue Chen, Barbara Ann HalkierAbstract:Glucosinolates are amino acid-derived, natural plant products found in the order Capparales. Radiolabelled glucosinolates for use in biological studies concerning metabolism and transport are not commercially available. We have developed a method for the synthesis and isolation of radiolabelled p-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate (p-OHBG) produced in vivo by Sinapis alba, which has the tyrosine-derived p-OHBG as its major glucosinolate. The method is based on administration of radiolabelled tyrosine to jasmonate-treated primary leaves, which have high de novo biosynthesis of p-OHBG. After incubation, the plant material was extracted with methanol and the glucosinolates purified by a procedure including two ion exchange chromatographic steps. The method provides an attractive alternative to chemical synthesis of radiolabelled glucosinolates and is applicable to other plants producing a single or one major glucosinolate. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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The presence of CYP79 homologues in glucosinolate-producing plants shows evolutionary conservation of the enzymes in the conversion of amino acid to aldoxime in the biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides and glucosinolates
Plant Molecular Biology, 1998Co-Authors: Hanne Linde Nielsen, Barbara Ann HalkierAbstract:A cDNA encoding CYP79B1 has been isolated from Sinapis alba. CYP79B1 from S. alba shows 54% sequence identity and 73% similarity to sorghum CYP79A1 and 95% sequence identity to the Arabidopsis T42902, assigned CYP79B2. The high identity and similarity to sorghum CYP79A1, which catalyses the conversion of tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime in the biosynthesis of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin, suggests that CYP79B1 similarly catalyses the conversion of amino acid(s) to aldoxime(s) in the biosynthesis of glucosinolates. Within the highly conserved ‘PERF’ and the heme-binding region of A-type cytochromes, the CYP79 family has unique substitutions that define the family-specific consensus sequences of FXP(E/D)RH and SFSTG(K/R)RGC(A/I)A, respectively. Sequence analysis of PCR products generated with CYP79B subfamily-specific primers identified CYP79B homologues in Tropaeolum majus, Carica papaya, Arabidopsis, Brassica napus and S. alba. The five glucosinolate-producing plants identified a CYP79B amino acid consensus sequence KPERHLNECSEVTLTENDLRFISFSTGKRGC. The unique substitutions in the ‘PERF’ and the heme-binding domain and the high sequence identity and similarity of CYP79B1, CYP79B2 and CYP79A1, together with the isolation of CYP79B homologues in the distantly related Tropaeolaceae, Caricaceae and Brassicaceae within the Capparales order, show that the initial part of the biosynthetic pathway of glucosinolates and cyanogenic glucosides is catalysed by evolutionarily conserved cytochromes P450. This confirms that the appearance of glucosinolates in Capparales is based on a cyanogen ‘predisposition’. Identification of CYP79 homologues in glucosinolate-producing plants provides an important tool for tissue-specific regulation of the level of glucosinolates to improve nutritional value and pest resistance.
Jean-hugues Renault - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Preparative Isolation of Glucosinolates from Various Edible Plants by Strong Ion-Exchange Centrifugal Partition Chromatography
Separation and Purification Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Alix Toribio, Leslie Boudesocque, B. Richard, Jean-marc Nuzillard, Jean-hugues RenaultAbstract:Abstract Glucosinolates (GSLs) are a class of phytochemicals found in all cruciferous plants (Brassicaceae) family as well as in the whole order of Brassicales (syn. Capparales). GSLs and their hydrolysis products (e.g. isothiocyanates) are known to play a defensive role by protecting the plant against exterior aggressions and may be potent antitumor, anticancer, antioxidant and antibiotic agents. In order to obtain pure GSLs standards for developing research, an efficient two-step method was developed to preparatively isolate and separate GSLs from papaya (Carica papaya), upland cress (Barbarea verna), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.), and broccoletti seeds (Brassica rapa ruvo). In this process, solvent extraction was followed by a strong anion-exchange centrifugal partition chromatography protocol. TLC, HPLC-PDA, ESI-MS and NMR analysis of the collected fractions, demonstrated that the GSLs from papaya and upland cress seeds (i.e. glucotropaeolin and gluconasturtiin, respectively) as well as all the GSLs from cauliflower and broccoletti seeds (i.e. sinigrin, glucoiberin, glucoiberverin, gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin and gluconasturtiin) can be purified in a single chromatographic step. Gram amounts of pure reference standards were obtained. These results will facilitate investigation of the biological activities and the isolation of such compounds in other crucifers.
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Preparative isolation of glucosinolates from various edible plants by strong ion-exchange centrifugal partition chromatography
Separation and Purification Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Alix Toribio, Leslie Boudesocque, B. Richard, Jean-marc Nuzillard, Jean-hugues RenaultAbstract:Glucosinolates (GSLs) are a class of phytochemicals found in all calciferous plants (Brassicaceae) family as well as in the whole order of Brassicales (syn. Capparales). GSLs and their hydrolysis products (e.g. isothiocyanates) are known to play a defensive role by protecting the plant against exterior aggressions and may be potent antitumor, anticancer, antioxidant and antibiotic agents. In order to obtain pure GSLs standards for developing research, an efficient two-step method was developed to preparatively isolate and separate GSLs from papaya (Carica papaya), upland cress (Barbarea verna), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.), and broccoletti seeds (Brassica rapa ruvo). In this process, solvent extraction was followed by a strong anion-exchange centrifugal partition chromatography protocol. TLC, HPLC-PDA, ESI-MS and NMR analysis of the collected fractions, demonstrated that the GSLs from papaya and upland cress seeds (i.e. glucotropaeolin and gluconasturtiin, respectively) as well as all the GSLs from cauliflower and broccoletti seeds (i.e. sinigrin, glucoiberin, glucoiberverin, gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin and gluconasturtiin) can be purified in a single chromatographic step. Gram amounts of pure reference standards were obtained. These results will facilitate investigation of the biological activities and the isolation of such compounds in other crucifers. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Sherwin Carlquist - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Wood and bark anatomy of Salvadoraceae: ecology, relationships, histology of interxylary phloem1
Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 2002Co-Authors: Sherwin CarlquistAbstract:CARLQUIST, S. (Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, 1212 Mission Canyon Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93105). Wood and bark anatomy of Salvadoraceae: relationships, ecology, histology of interxylary phloem. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 129:10-20. 2002. Quantitative and qualitative data are presented for stem wood of one species each of Azima, Dobera, and Salvadora and for root wood of Salvadora. The liquid-preserved material of Salvadora permitted analysis of interxylary phloem: abaxial to most strands a "residual meristem" adds sieve-tube elements and companion cells to each strand, crushing earlier-formed phloem. Current opinion that Salvadoraceae are a sister family to Bataceae is supported by wood anatomy: they share such features as bands of mostly nonsubdivided axial parenchyma cells, wide multiseriate rays, and and storied structure. Nonbordered perforation plates, found also in other Capparales, are newly reported for Salvadoraceae. Koeberliniaceae have tracheids, Bataceae fibertracheids, thought more primitive than the libriform fibers of Salvadoraceae. Wood of Azima is moderately mesomorphic, perhaps because it grows near beaches where saline or brackish water is available to roots; Dobera and Salvadora have highly xeromorphic wood. The terms "foraminate included phloem" and "concentric included phloem" are misnomers and must be rejected.
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Vegetative anatomy and relationships of Setchellanthus caeruleus (Setchellanthaceae)
TAXON, 1999Co-Authors: Sherwin Carlquist, Regis B. MillerAbstract:Floral, seed, and fruit anatomy of the unispecific Mexican genus Setchellanthus are described. The genus has floral features that are characteristic of some traditionally defined Capparales or close allies of an expanded order Capparales, viz., a (5-)6(-7)-merous flower with a 3-merous gynoecium and an androecium comprising (5-)6(-7) fascicles of stamens that develop centrifugally; a short androgynophore and well-developed gynophore; a 3-loculed gynoecium with a 3-lobed style and 3 conduplicate valves that separate from the vascular placental column at maturity much as do the valves of Cleome or Brassicaceae. Setchellanthus, however, has straight seeds with a spatulate embryo and a non-fibrous exotegmen; it lacks the reniform seeds with fibrous exotegmen characteristic of the core Capparales. Vascular bundles in the fruit wall are amphivasal and show an extensive secondary growth that produces tracheids like those of the secondary xylem of stems; bordered pits are present in the wall of the inner epidermis cells. The floral and seed anatomy as well as the distinctive fruit anatomy support a position of Setchellanthus that is near-basal to the core Capparales.
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WOOD ANATOMY OF LIMNANTHACEAE AND TROPAEOLACEAE IN RELATION TO HABIT AND PHYLOGENY
1996Co-Authors: Sherwin Carlquist, Christopher John Donald, Santa Barbara, Botanic GardenAbstract:Qualitative and quantitative wood data are provided for Limnanthes douglasii R. Brown and Tropaeolum majus L.; no descriptions of wood of Limnanthaceae or Tropaeolaceae have been offered hitherto. Limnanthes douglasii wood is present in localized zones at the rootstem junction; imperforate tracheary elements are absent; both axial and ray parenchyma are thin-walled. Tropaeolum majus has root wood in which all axial tracheary elements are wide or narrow vessels, and no libriform fibers are present; in stems, libriform fibers are present, although narrow vessels predominate in later-formed secondary xylem. The wood patterns of Limnanthes and Tropaeolum are characteristic of wood of an annual and a vine, respectively. Although both are herbaceous species, wood patterns are quite different, a fact explainable by both habit and systematic position. The concept that both of the families belong to a new expanded Capparales is compatible with wood data.
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Wood Anatomy of Akaniaceae and Bretschneideraceae: a Case of Near-identity and its Systematic Implications
Systematic Botany, 1996Co-Authors: Sherwin Carlquist, Santa Barbara Botanic GardenAbstract:Wood anatomy is described in detail for the single-species families Akaniaceae and Bretschneideraceae, placed close together in most phylogenetic systems. Both families have simple perfora- tion plates with occasional scalariform plates, alternate lateral wall pitting, helical sculpturing on vessel walls, septate fibers with pits simple or nearly so, scanty vasicentric axial parenchyma, and wide tall multiseriate rays composed mostly of procumbent cells. Differences between the genera are relatively few and minor compared with resemblances; close relationship is indicated. Wood anatomy of the two families resembles that of Sabiaceae and, to a lesser extent, that of other Sapindales. The wood is distinctive within Capparales whether that order is defined traditionally or in the light of molecular studies. Wood data are compatible with an interpretation that Akaniaceae and Bretschneideraceae diverged from near the base of Sapindales.
Olga Yaneth Martínez-barrera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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[Supplementary Material] Oviposition by Toxotrypana curvicauda (Diptera: Tephritidae) in small to medium-size cuaguayote and papaya fruits with low sugar content
Florida Entomologist, 2015Co-Authors: Olga Yaneth Martínez-barrera, René Arzuffi, Alfredo Jiménez-pérezAbstract:The papaya fruit fly, Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker (Diptera: Tephritidae), has several known hosts apart from the commercially valuable papaya ( Carica papaya L.; Capparales: Caricaceae), among them Jacaratia mexicana A. DC. (Capparales: Caricaceae), known in Mexico as cuaguayote. Most studies on the papaya fruit fly have been carried out with C. papaya and have neglected the other known host for this fly. We characterized papaya and cuaguayote fruits in which T. curvicauda oviposits in terms of color, length, hardness and thickness of flesh, total solids (as °Brix), and the section (proximal, middle, and distal) of the fruit where the eggs were deposited. Toxotrypana curvicauda females oviposited in medium-size to small but not large fruits of either papaya or cuaguayote. Moreover, females oviposited only in low–sugar content papaya fruits, and mostly (about 88%) in low–sugar content cuaguayote fruits with a small fraction (about 12%) of the eggs laid in medium-size and large fruits. The other variables had no effect on oviposition behavior. This is the first report of T. curvicauda oviposition behavior with respect to cuaguayote. Sumario La Mosca de la Fruta de la Papaya Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker (Diptera: Tephritidae) tiene varios hospederos aparte de la comercialmente importante papaya ( Carica papaya L.; Capparales: Caricaceae), entre ellos Jacaratia mexicana A. DC. (Capparales: Caricaceae) conocida en Mexico como cuaguayote. La mayoria de los estudios realizados con esta mosca han sido en C. papaya prestandole poca atencion a los otros hospederos. Caracterizamos los frutos de papaya y cuaguayote que la T. curvicauda oviposita de acuerdo a su color, longitud, dureza, contenido de solidos totales (como °Bx), y la parte del fruto (proximal, media y distal) donde oviposita sus huevecillos. Las hembras de la T. curvicauda ovipositan frutos de pequenos a medianos con bajo contenido de azucar. Las otras variables medidas no modificaron el comportamiento de oviposicion. Este es el primer reporte del comportamiento de oviposicion de la T. curvicauda en cuaguayote.
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Oviposition by Toxotrypana curvicauda (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Small to Medium-Size Cuaguayote and Papaya Fruits with Low Sugar Content
Florida Entomologist, 2015Co-Authors: Olga Yaneth Martínez-barrera, René Arzuffi, Alfredo Jiménez-pérezAbstract:Summary The papaya fruit fly, Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker (Diptera: Tephritidae), has several known hosts apart from the commercially valuable papaya (Carica papaya L.; Capparales: Caricaceae), among them Jacaratia mexicana A. DC. (Capparales: Caricaceae), known in Mexico as cuaguayote. Most studies on the papaya fruit fly have been carried out with C. papaya and have neglected the other known host for this fly. We characterized papaya and cuaguayote fruits in which T. curvicauda oviposits in terms of color, length, hardness and thickness of flesh, total solids (as °Brix), and the section (proximal, middle, and distal) of the fruit where the eggs were deposited. Toxotrypana curvicauda females oviposited in medium-size to small but not large fruits of either papaya or cuaguayote. Moreover, females oviposited only in low—sugar content papaya fruits, and mostly (about 88%) in low—sugar content cuaguayote fruits with a small fraction (about 12%) of the eggs laid in medium-size and large fruits. The oth...
