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Jacqueline M Bishop - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular detection of tick borne pathogens in Caracals Caracal Caracal living in human modified landscapes of south africa
Parasites & Vectors, 2020Co-Authors: Storme Viljoen, Laurel E K Serieys, Justin M Oriain, B L Penzhorn, Marine Drouilly, Bogdan Cristescu, Kristine J Teichman, Jacqueline M BishopAbstract:Wild carnivores living alongside humans and domestic animals are vulnerable to changes in the infectious disease dynamics in their populations. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and diversity of selected tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) of veterinary and/or zoonotic concern in wild populations of Caracals (Caracal Caracal) occurring in human-modified landscapes in South Africa. Using molecular techniques, we screened 57 Caracal blood samples for infection by rickettsial bacteria and piroplasms in three regions of South Africa: rangeland in the Central Karoo (n = 27) and Namaqualand (n = 14) as well as the urban edge of the Cape Peninsula (n = 16) of South Africa. To characterise pathogen identity, we sequenced the 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes from positive samples and analysed sequences within a phylogenetic framework. We also examine the diversity of potential tick vectors. All individuals tested were infected with at least one tick-borne pathogen. Pathogens included Hepatozoon felis, Babesia felis, Babesia leo and a potentially novel Babesia species. An Anaplasma species previously described in South African domestic dogs was also found in 88% of urban edge Caracals. Higher rates of co-infection characterised urban edge Caracals (81% vs 15% and 0% in the two rangeland populations), as well as a greater incidence of mixed infections. Host attached tick species include Haemaphysalis elliptica, an important pathogen vector among carnivore hosts. This study confirms the occurrence of previously undocumented tick-borne pathogens infecting free-ranging Caracals in human-modified landscapes. We identify clear differences in the pathogen profiles among our study populations and discuss the likely health costs to Caracals living adjacent to urban areas.
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high seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in an urban Caracal Caracal Caracal population in south africa
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Laurel E K Serieys, Kenneth Hammondaryee, Jacqueline M Bishop, Joleen Broadfield, Justin M Oriain, Paul D Van HeldenAbstract:Abstract We investigated Toxoplasmosis gondii antibody seroprevalence in free-ranging Caracals (Caracal Caracal) in Cape Town, South Africa, from 2014 to 2017. Seropositivity was 83% (24/29), which...
Timothy D Noakes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lion panthera leo and Caracal Caracal Caracal type iix single muscle fibre force and power exceed that of trained humans
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2012Co-Authors: Tertius Abraham Kohn, Timothy D NoakesAbstract:This study investigated for the first time maximum force production, shortening velocity (Vmax) and power output in permeabilised single muscle fibres at 12°C from lion, Panthera leo (Linnaeus 1758), and Caracal, Caracal Caracal (Schreber 1776), and compared the values with those from human cyclists. Additionally, the use and validation of previously frozen tissue for contractile experiments is reported. Only type IIx muscle fibres were identified in the Caracal sample, whereas type IIx and only two type I fibres were found in the lion sample. Only pure type I and IIa, and hybrid type IIax fibres were identified in the human samples - there were no pure type IIx fibres. Nevertheless, compared with all the human fibre types, the lion and Caracal fibres were smaller (P<0.01) in cross-sectional area (human: 6194±230 μm(2), lion: 3008±151 μm(2), Caracal: 2583±221 μm(2)). On average, the felid type IIx fibres produced significantly greater force (191-211 kN m(-2)) and ~3 times more power (29.0-30.3 kN m(-2) fibre lengths s(-1)) than the human IIax fibres (100-150 kN m(-2), 4-11 kN m(-2) fibre lengths s(-1)). Vmax values of the lion type IIx fibres were also higher than those of human type IIax fibres. The findings suggest that the same fibre type may differ substantially between species and potential explanations are discussed.
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erratum to fiber type and metabolic characteristics of lion panthera leo Caracal Caracal Caracal and human skeletal muscle comp biochem physiol a 159 2011 125 133
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2011Co-Authors: Tertius Abraham Kohn, R E J Burroughs, Marthinus Jacobus Hartman, Timothy D NoakesAbstract:Erratum Erratum to “Fiber type and metabolic characteristics of lion (Panthera leo), Caracal (Caracal Caracal) and human skeletal muscle” [Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 159 (2011) 125–133] Tertius Abraham Kohn⁎, Richard Burroughs, Marthinus Jacobus Hartman, Timothy David Noakes a UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, PO Box 115, Newlands, 7725, South Africa b Centre of Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa c Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
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fiber type and metabolic characteristics of lion panthera leo Caracal Caracal Caracal and human skeletal muscle
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2011Co-Authors: Tertius Abraham Kohn, R E J Burroughs, Marthinus Jacobus Hartman, Timothy D NoakesAbstract:Lion (Panthera leo) and Caracal (Caracal Caracal) skeletal muscle samples from Vastus lateralis, Longissimus dorsi and Gluteus medius were analyzed for fiber type and citrate synthase (CS; EC 2.3.3.1), 3-hydroxyacyl Co A dehydrogenase (3HAD; EC 1.1.1.35), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK; EC 2.7.1.11), creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2), phosphorylase (PHOS; EC 2.4.1.1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; EC 1.1.1.27) activities and compared to human runners, the latter also serving as validation of methodology. Both felids had predominantly type IIx fibers (range 50-80%), whereas human muscle had more types I and IIa. Oxidative capacity of both felids (CS: 5-9 μmol/min/g ww and 3HAD: 1.4-2.6 μmol/min/g ww) was lower than humans, whereas the glycolytic capacity was elevated. LDH activity of Caracal (346 ± 81) was higher than lion (227 ± 62 μmol/min/g ww), with human being the lowest (55 ± 17). CK and PHOS activities were also higher in Caracal and lion compared to human, but PFK was lower in both felid species. The current data and past research are illustrated graphically showing a strong relationship between type II fibers and sprinting ability in various species. These data on Caracal and lion muscles confirm their sprinting behavior.
Surendra Prakash Goyal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Estimating occupancy and abundance of Caracal in a semi-arid habitat, Western India
European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2015Co-Authors: Randeep Singh, Qamar Qureshi, Kalyansundram Sankar, Paul R. Krausman, Surendra Prakash GoyalAbstract:We estimated the occupancy and abundance of Caracal ( Felis Caracal ) using camera traps in the core area of Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve (RTR), a semi-arid habitat, in Western India, from 2006 to 2009. Caracals were detected in 17 of 28 grids, yielding a naïve occupancy estimate of 0.61. After accounting for imperfect detection ( P = 0.17 ± 0.04 [SE]), the proportion of sites occupied (occupancy) was 87 %. Caracal abundance was ∼28.17 ± 3.02 individuals in the study area. Based on the total area available for Caracals (588 km^2), the average expected density was as 4.8 Caracals per 100 km^2. Information on Caracal occupancy and abundance in the Indian sub-continent has not been documented or published, and this is the first attempt to estimate occupancy rates and the approximate population size of the Caracal in RTR. Hence, our data should be used as baseline information for making future management and conservation strategies for the species in this and similar landscapes.
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population and habitat characteristics of Caracal in semi arid landscape western india
Journal of Arid Environments, 2014Co-Authors: Randeep Singh, Qamar Qureshi, Paul R. Krausman, Kalyanasundaram Sankar, Surendra Prakash GoyalAbstract:Abstract We studied population and ecological characteristics of Caracal (Felis Caracal) using camera traps in Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve (RTR), western India, from 2006 to 2009. We obtained 37 Caracal captures over 25,156 camera-nights, with a capture success rate of 0.02–0.34 captures/100 trap-nights or 1 Caracal/679.9 trap-nights over 4 years. Our results revels that Caracal presence was associated with forest and undulating terrain. Caracals were more active late at night and during crepuscular hours. There was a difference in their activity between dusk and dawn. Because this is the first study in India, which generated baseline information about the ecological characteristics of the Caracal it may be used for developing conservation and management plans for this species. We also suggest that the RTR and its surrounding areas could be highlighted as a global conservation region for Caracal.
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the importance of rodents in the diet of jungle cat felis chaus Caracal Caracal Caracal and golden jackal canis aureus in sariska tiger reserve rajasthan india
Journal of Zoology, 2004Co-Authors: Shomita Mukherjee, A J T Johnsingh, Surendra Prakash Goyal, M Leite R P PitmanAbstract:Many small carnivores include rodents in their diet. However, due to varying evolutionary strategies, carnivores differ in their metabolism and energy requirements. Hence, comparisons of diet between carnivores would be more meaningful if the body size and energetics of the predators are considered. The diet of three small carnivores (jungle cat Felis chaus; Caracal Caracal Caracal; golden jackal Canis aureus) from a semi-arid part of western India was studied through scat analysis, and the importance of rodents in their diet was estimated as a percentage of their daily energy requirement. Although percentage frequency in scats and biomass consumption showed rodents to be equally important to all three carnivores, energy calculations showed that rodents were more important as prey for the felids than the jackal. Up to 70% of the daily metabolizable energy in felids was obtained from rodents, as compared to 45% in the jackal. Rodents are generally viewed as pests, and their importance to the small carnivore community is overlooked. Change in land use over the decades in the arid/semi-arid tract of western India has led to several adverse as well as favourable modifications in rodent assemblages, which could influence the persistence of species like the Caracal and jungle cat in this region, that largely depend on rodents for their survival.
Storme Viljoen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular detection of tick borne pathogens in Caracals Caracal Caracal living in human modified landscapes of south africa
Parasites & Vectors, 2020Co-Authors: Storme Viljoen, Laurel E K Serieys, Justin M Oriain, B L Penzhorn, Marine Drouilly, Bogdan Cristescu, Kristine J Teichman, Jacqueline M BishopAbstract:Wild carnivores living alongside humans and domestic animals are vulnerable to changes in the infectious disease dynamics in their populations. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and diversity of selected tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) of veterinary and/or zoonotic concern in wild populations of Caracals (Caracal Caracal) occurring in human-modified landscapes in South Africa. Using molecular techniques, we screened 57 Caracal blood samples for infection by rickettsial bacteria and piroplasms in three regions of South Africa: rangeland in the Central Karoo (n = 27) and Namaqualand (n = 14) as well as the urban edge of the Cape Peninsula (n = 16) of South Africa. To characterise pathogen identity, we sequenced the 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes from positive samples and analysed sequences within a phylogenetic framework. We also examine the diversity of potential tick vectors. All individuals tested were infected with at least one tick-borne pathogen. Pathogens included Hepatozoon felis, Babesia felis, Babesia leo and a potentially novel Babesia species. An Anaplasma species previously described in South African domestic dogs was also found in 88% of urban edge Caracals. Higher rates of co-infection characterised urban edge Caracals (81% vs 15% and 0% in the two rangeland populations), as well as a greater incidence of mixed infections. Host attached tick species include Haemaphysalis elliptica, an important pathogen vector among carnivore hosts. This study confirms the occurrence of previously undocumented tick-borne pathogens infecting free-ranging Caracals in human-modified landscapes. We identify clear differences in the pathogen profiles among our study populations and discuss the likely health costs to Caracals living adjacent to urban areas.
Laurel E K Serieys - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular detection of tick borne pathogens in Caracals Caracal Caracal living in human modified landscapes of south africa
Parasites & Vectors, 2020Co-Authors: Storme Viljoen, Laurel E K Serieys, Justin M Oriain, B L Penzhorn, Marine Drouilly, Bogdan Cristescu, Kristine J Teichman, Jacqueline M BishopAbstract:Wild carnivores living alongside humans and domestic animals are vulnerable to changes in the infectious disease dynamics in their populations. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and diversity of selected tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) of veterinary and/or zoonotic concern in wild populations of Caracals (Caracal Caracal) occurring in human-modified landscapes in South Africa. Using molecular techniques, we screened 57 Caracal blood samples for infection by rickettsial bacteria and piroplasms in three regions of South Africa: rangeland in the Central Karoo (n = 27) and Namaqualand (n = 14) as well as the urban edge of the Cape Peninsula (n = 16) of South Africa. To characterise pathogen identity, we sequenced the 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes from positive samples and analysed sequences within a phylogenetic framework. We also examine the diversity of potential tick vectors. All individuals tested were infected with at least one tick-borne pathogen. Pathogens included Hepatozoon felis, Babesia felis, Babesia leo and a potentially novel Babesia species. An Anaplasma species previously described in South African domestic dogs was also found in 88% of urban edge Caracals. Higher rates of co-infection characterised urban edge Caracals (81% vs 15% and 0% in the two rangeland populations), as well as a greater incidence of mixed infections. Host attached tick species include Haemaphysalis elliptica, an important pathogen vector among carnivore hosts. This study confirms the occurrence of previously undocumented tick-borne pathogens infecting free-ranging Caracals in human-modified landscapes. We identify clear differences in the pathogen profiles among our study populations and discuss the likely health costs to Caracals living adjacent to urban areas.
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high seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in an urban Caracal Caracal Caracal population in south africa
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Laurel E K Serieys, Kenneth Hammondaryee, Jacqueline M Bishop, Joleen Broadfield, Justin M Oriain, Paul D Van HeldenAbstract:Abstract We investigated Toxoplasmosis gondii antibody seroprevalence in free-ranging Caracals (Caracal Caracal) in Cape Town, South Africa, from 2014 to 2017. Seropositivity was 83% (24/29), which...