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Ilhan Altinok - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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response of acetylcholinesterase ache in the erythrocyte and liver of rainbow trout exposed to Carbosulfan
Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Erol Capkin, Halis Boran, Ilhan AltinokAbstract:Present study was conducted to determine the effects of long term Carbosulfan exposure on erythrocyte and liver acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and to assess sensitive tissue to Carbosulfan in terms of AChE activity. For these purpose, fish were allowed to recover in toxicant-free water for 24 days after 60 days of exposure. AChE activity was determined spectrophotometrically using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate in the erythrocyte and liver. Erythrocyte and liver AChE of Carbosulfan-exposed fish showed considerable inhibition rate. A higher degree of enzyme inhibition was observed in the erythrocyte when compared with liver. The degree of enzyme inhibition had a positive correlation with the time of exposure. Erythrocyte and liver AChE activities were recovered after 18 d and 21 d, respectively. Results indicate that the erythrocyte AChE activity is more sensitive to Carbosulfan exposure than that of liver AChE. The greater sensitivity of the erythrocyte AChE suggests that it may be more useful as a biomarker of Carbosulfan exposure or contamination.
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effects of chronic Carbosulfan exposure on liver antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: Erol Capkin, Ilhan AltinokAbstract:Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) activities in liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 116.88±21.69g) were evaluated after exposing fish to sublethal concentrations (25μg/L) of Carbosulfan in flow-through tanks for 60 days. During the experiment activities of CAT, SOD, GST, and Se-GPx and histopathological effects were determined once a week and once at the end of the 21 days of recovery period. All enzymes were affected by Carbosulfan when compared to control fish. Fish had intracellular oedema, cell necrosis, pycnotic nucleus, and increase of sinusoidal space in the liver. After 21 days of the recovery period, all enzyme activities had returned to control levels and fish had no histological lesions in liver. Therefore all the changes observed during exposure were reversible. Results indicate that the liver CAT, SOD and GST enzymes are highly sensitive to Carbosulfan as their activities altered significantly, suggesting they could be useful in predicting sublethal pesticide toxicity and useful as an indicator for assessment of pesticides in contaminated water.
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mutagenic genotoxic and enzyme inhibitory effects of Carbosulfan in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2012Co-Authors: Ilhan Altinok, Erol Capkin, Halis BoranAbstract:Abstract Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 116.88 ± 21.69 g) were exposed to sublethal concentrations (25 μg/L) of Carbosulfan for 60 days to test if the long term exposure of fish to Carbosulfan affects red blood cells acetylcholinesterase (AChE), δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) and paraoxonase (PON) enzyme activity and induces genotoxic and/or mutagenic effects. The exposure resulted in inhibition of AChE and ALA-D activity of rainbow trout when compared to control fish. The activity of PON was not affected by Carbosulfan. Interestingly, Carbosulfan was found to induce DNA damage in red blood cells (comet assay) and proved to be mutagenic as revealed by the Ames test. Results indicate that blood AChE and ALA-D of rainbow trout may be a sensitive biomarker for assessment of Carbosulfan contaminated water bodies. Furthermore, because the Ames test and comet assay were proven successful to detect the genotoxicity of Carbosulfan, we proposed that nonlethal techniques such as blood collection from caudal vein of fish should be used to determine potential toxic effects of other pesticides to surrounding environment.
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Acute Toxicity of Carbaryl, Methiocarb, and Carbosulfan to the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 2007Co-Authors: Muhammet Boran, Ilhan Altinok, Erol Capkin, Hikmet Karaçam, Veysel BiçerAbstract:The acute toxicity of carbaryl, methiocarb and Carbosulfan to juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 1.92 - 0.5 g) and guppies (Poecilia reticulata; 0.45 - 0.04 g) was evaluated in 96-h toxicity tests under static conditions. Concentrations in the toxicity test ranged from 0.85 to 8.5 mg/l for carbaryl, from 0.7 to 28.0 mg/l for methiocarb, and from 0.031 to 12.5 mg/l for Carbosulfan. Carbaryl and methiocarb were more toxic to rainbow trout than to guppies. However, compared with rainbow trout, guppies were more sensitive to Carbosulfan. The incidence of mortality in fish increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing pesticide concentrations. The time required to kill 50% (LT50) of the rainbow trout at the lowest concentrations of carbaryl, methiocarb, and Carbosulfan was 51 h 12 min, 74 h 35 min, and 107 h 57 min, respectively. As insecticide concentrations were increased, LT50 values decreased (P < 0.05).
John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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simultaneous voltammetric determination of captan Carbosulfan 2 3 7 8 tetrachlorodibenzodioxin and pentachlorophenol in groundwater by ceria nanospheres decorated platinum electrode and chemometrics
Measurement, 2017Co-Authors: Noel Nesakumar, Manju Bhargavi Gumpu, Srinidhi Nagarajan, Sadhana Ramanujam, John Bosco Balaguru RayappanAbstract:Abstract In this work, a linear sweep voltammetry method has been proposed for the estimation of captan, Carbosulfan, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin and pentachlorophenol using ceria nanospheres modified platinum electrode. The reduction peaks of captan and Carbosulfan observed in the linear sweep voltammograms overlapped strongly and it was difficult to estimate captan and Carbosulfan individually from their mixtures. Gaussian curve fitting algorithm was used to facilitate the resolution of complex linear sweep voltammograms. Quantitative analysis for each of the pesticides in a mixture was studied with the help of linear regression analysis. The analytical performance of the calibrated models was investigated with the aid of relative prediction error (RPE), root mean square error for cross validation (RMSECV) and recovery. The proposed calibrated models were then applied for the estimation of the four pesticides in several ground water samples, where the RPE, recovery and RMSECV of the spiked samples were within the acceptable limit.
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electrochemical acetylcholinesterase biosensor based on zno nanocuboids modified platinum electrode for the detection of Carbosulfan in rice
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2016Co-Authors: Noel Nesakumar, Swaminathan Sethuraman, Uma Maheswari Krishnan, John Bosco Balaguru RayappanAbstract:The consumption of Carbosulfan-contaminated rice affects the immune and lymphocyte response, germinal centers in the spleen, plasma cells in popliteal lymphoid nodes, bone marrow cells and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells. Towards this, a highly sensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) cyclic voltammetric biosensor based on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocuboids modified platinum (Pt) electrode has been successfully developed. The Pt/ZnO/AChE/Chitosan bio-electrode was employed for the electrochemical detection of Carbosulfan in rice sample. Under optimum conditions, the Pt/ZnO/AChE/Chitosan bio-electrode detected Carbosulfan ranging from 5 to 30 nM with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.24 nM. The developed Pt/ZnO/AChE/Chitosan bio-electrode showed good recovery (99.06-100.96%), thus providing a promising tool for analysis of Carbosulfan in rice sample.
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Evaluation of Inhibition Efficiency for the Detection of Captan, 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, Pentachlorophenol and Carbosulfan in Water: An Electrochemical Approach.
Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 2015Co-Authors: Noel Nesakumar, Bhat Lakshmishri Ramachandra, Swaminathan Sethuraman, Uma Maheswari Krishnan, John Bosco Balaguru RayappanAbstract:A novel bio-analytical method has been devised based on the change in catalytic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme induced by captan, Carbosulfan, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) for the investigation of inhibition efficiency and sensitivity using Pt/ZnO/AChE/Chitosan bioelectrode. The inhibition curves of captan, Carbosulfan, TCDD and PCP were similar to Michaelis-Menten curve. TCDD held the minimum inhibitor Michaelis-Menten constant ([Formula: see text]) value (10.2 nM) in comparison with PCP (10.9 nM), Carbosulfan (14.5 nM) and captan (7.9 × 10(3) nM). The maximum inhibition of AChE enzyme by captan was about 100 %, which was much higher than that of TCDD (72.7 %), PCP (68.1 %) and Carbosulfan (47.7 %). The calculated theoretical sensitivity was in the order of TCDD > PCP > Carbosulfan > captan. Comparing with TCDD (35.3 %), PCP (47.8 %) and Carbosulfan (20.9 %), only the inhibition efficiency of captan (55.0 %) was the maximum. The developed bioelectrode exhibited high recovery and low relative standard deviation in local tap water samples.
Basuki, Rofik Sinung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Status Resistensi Spodoptera exigua Hubn. pada Tanaman Bawang Merah Asal Kabupaten Cirebon, Brebes, dan Tegal terhadap Insektisida yang Umum Digunakan Petani di Daerah Tersebut
'Indonesian Agency For Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD)', 2007Co-Authors: Moekasan, Tonny Koetani, Basuki, Rofik SinungAbstract:ABSTRAK. Penelitian terdiri atas survai dan penelitian laboratorium. Tujuan survai adalah untuk mengetahui perilaku petani dalam menggunakan insektisida untuk mengendalikan ulat bawang dan penelitian di laboratorium bertujuan mengetahui status resistensi ulat bawang terhadap insektisida yang umum digunakan oleh petani. Survai dilakukan terhadap 60 orang petani di Kecamatan Gebang dan Losari (Kabupaten Cirebon), Kecamatan Wanasari dan Larangan (Kabupaten Brebes), dan Kecamatan Dukuhturi dan Margadana (Kabupaten Tegal) pada bulan Juni sampai dengan Juli 2005. Penelitian di laboratorium dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai dengan Desember 2005. Pengujian menggunakan metode pencelupan potongan daun bawang terhadap larva S. exigua instar ke-2 dan atau ke-3 asal Kecamatan Gebang dan Losari (Kabupaten Cirebon), Kecamatan Wanasari dan Larangan (Kabupaten Brebes), Kecamatan Dukuhturi dan Margadana (Kabupaten Tegal). Penghitungan nilai LC50 tiap jenis insektisida yang diuji dilakukan menggunakan program komputer analisis Probit. Hasil survai menunjukkan bahwa insektisida yang umum digunakan petani untuk mengendalikan ulat bawang adalah spinosad, klorpirifos, triazofos, metomil, betasiflutrin, siromazin, karbosulfan, tiodikarb, dan abamektin. Petani umumnya mencampur 2-5 jenis insektisida dan melakukan penyemprotan 2-3 kali per minggu. Konsentrasi formulasi insektisida yang digunakan pada umumnya di bawah konsentrasi formulasi anjuran, tetapi volume semprot yang digunakan sesuai dengan yang direkomendasikan. Hasil penelitian di laboratorium menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan kerentanan S. exigua, bergantung pada asal (strain) ulat bawang yang diuji. Ulat bawang asal Kecamatan Gebang dan Losari (Kabupaten Cirebon) terindikasi resisten terhadap insektisida spinosad, klorpirifos, triazofos, betasiflutrin, siromazin, karbosulfan, tiodikab, dan abamektin. Ulat bawang asal Kecamatan Wanasari dan Larangan (Kabupaten Brebes) terindikasi resisten terhadap insektisida klorpirifos dan betasiflutrin, sedangkan ulat bawang asal Kecamatan Wanasari terindikasi resisten terhadap insektisida siromazin, karbosulfan, dan abamektin. Ulat bawang asal Kecamatan Dukuhturi dan Margadana (Kabupaten Tegal) terindikasi resisten terhadap insektisida karbosulfan dan tiodikarb, sedangkan ulat bawang asal Kecamatan Dukuhturi terindikasi resisten pula terhadap insektisida spinosad, klorpirifos, dan siromazin.ABSTRACT. Moekasan, T.K. and R. S. Basuki. 2007. Resistance Status of Spodoptera exigua Hubn. on Shallot from Cirebon, Brebes, and Tegal District to Several Insecticide Commonly Used by Farmers. The research consisted of survey and laboratory study. The aim of the survey was to identify farmers behaviour on using insecticide on shallot. While the laboratory study was aimed to find out the resistance status of pest toward pesticides commonly used by farmers. The survey conducted from June until July 2005, at Gebang and Losari Subdistricts (Cirebon District), Wanasari and Larangan Subdistricts (Brebes District), Dukuhturi and Margadana Subdistricts (Tegal District). Number of respondents was 60 farmers. The purpose of the laboratory study was to determine the resistance status of S. exigua larvae to several insecticides commonly used by farmers at those locations. The laboratory study conducted from July until December 2005. The leaf-dip bioassay used on second and third instar of S. exigua larvae from Gebang and Losari Subdistricts (Cirebon District), Wanasari and Larangan Subdistricts (Brebes District), and Dukuhturi and Margadana Subdistricts (Tegal District). The data was analyzed using Probit analyze programme. Results of the survey showed that farmers used spinosad, chlorpyriphos, triazophos, methomyl, betasifluthrin, cyromazin, Carbosulfan, tiodicarb, and abamectin to control S. exigua Hubn. Usually farmers mix 2-5 insecticides and spray 2-3 times per week. Concentration of formulation used were under the recommendation, but the spraying volume based on the recommendation. Results of laboratory study showed that S. exigua larvae taken from Gebang and Losari Subdistricts (Cirebon Districts) were resistant to spinosad, chlorpyriphos, triazophos, betasifluthrin, cyromazin, Carbosulfan, tiodicarb, and abamectin. Beet armyworm larvae taken from Wanasari and Larangan Subdistricts (Brebes Districts) were resistant to chlorpyriphos and betasifluthrin, and larvae from Wanasari were also resistant to cyromazine, Carbosulfan and abamectin. The larvae taken from Dukuhturi and Margadana Subdistrict (Tegal District) were resistant to Carbosulfan and tiodicarb, and the larvae from Dukuhturi Subdistrict (Tegal District) were also resistant to spinosad, chlorpyriphos, and cyromazine
Erol Capkin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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response of acetylcholinesterase ache in the erythrocyte and liver of rainbow trout exposed to Carbosulfan
Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Erol Capkin, Halis Boran, Ilhan AltinokAbstract:Present study was conducted to determine the effects of long term Carbosulfan exposure on erythrocyte and liver acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and to assess sensitive tissue to Carbosulfan in terms of AChE activity. For these purpose, fish were allowed to recover in toxicant-free water for 24 days after 60 days of exposure. AChE activity was determined spectrophotometrically using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate in the erythrocyte and liver. Erythrocyte and liver AChE of Carbosulfan-exposed fish showed considerable inhibition rate. A higher degree of enzyme inhibition was observed in the erythrocyte when compared with liver. The degree of enzyme inhibition had a positive correlation with the time of exposure. Erythrocyte and liver AChE activities were recovered after 18 d and 21 d, respectively. Results indicate that the erythrocyte AChE activity is more sensitive to Carbosulfan exposure than that of liver AChE. The greater sensitivity of the erythrocyte AChE suggests that it may be more useful as a biomarker of Carbosulfan exposure or contamination.
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effects of chronic Carbosulfan exposure on liver antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: Erol Capkin, Ilhan AltinokAbstract:Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) activities in liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 116.88±21.69g) were evaluated after exposing fish to sublethal concentrations (25μg/L) of Carbosulfan in flow-through tanks for 60 days. During the experiment activities of CAT, SOD, GST, and Se-GPx and histopathological effects were determined once a week and once at the end of the 21 days of recovery period. All enzymes were affected by Carbosulfan when compared to control fish. Fish had intracellular oedema, cell necrosis, pycnotic nucleus, and increase of sinusoidal space in the liver. After 21 days of the recovery period, all enzyme activities had returned to control levels and fish had no histological lesions in liver. Therefore all the changes observed during exposure were reversible. Results indicate that the liver CAT, SOD and GST enzymes are highly sensitive to Carbosulfan as their activities altered significantly, suggesting they could be useful in predicting sublethal pesticide toxicity and useful as an indicator for assessment of pesticides in contaminated water.
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mutagenic genotoxic and enzyme inhibitory effects of Carbosulfan in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2012Co-Authors: Ilhan Altinok, Erol Capkin, Halis BoranAbstract:Abstract Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 116.88 ± 21.69 g) were exposed to sublethal concentrations (25 μg/L) of Carbosulfan for 60 days to test if the long term exposure of fish to Carbosulfan affects red blood cells acetylcholinesterase (AChE), δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) and paraoxonase (PON) enzyme activity and induces genotoxic and/or mutagenic effects. The exposure resulted in inhibition of AChE and ALA-D activity of rainbow trout when compared to control fish. The activity of PON was not affected by Carbosulfan. Interestingly, Carbosulfan was found to induce DNA damage in red blood cells (comet assay) and proved to be mutagenic as revealed by the Ames test. Results indicate that blood AChE and ALA-D of rainbow trout may be a sensitive biomarker for assessment of Carbosulfan contaminated water bodies. Furthermore, because the Ames test and comet assay were proven successful to detect the genotoxicity of Carbosulfan, we proposed that nonlethal techniques such as blood collection from caudal vein of fish should be used to determine potential toxic effects of other pesticides to surrounding environment.
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Acute Toxicity of Carbaryl, Methiocarb, and Carbosulfan to the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 2007Co-Authors: Muhammet Boran, Ilhan Altinok, Erol Capkin, Hikmet Karaçam, Veysel BiçerAbstract:The acute toxicity of carbaryl, methiocarb and Carbosulfan to juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 1.92 - 0.5 g) and guppies (Poecilia reticulata; 0.45 - 0.04 g) was evaluated in 96-h toxicity tests under static conditions. Concentrations in the toxicity test ranged from 0.85 to 8.5 mg/l for carbaryl, from 0.7 to 28.0 mg/l for methiocarb, and from 0.031 to 12.5 mg/l for Carbosulfan. Carbaryl and methiocarb were more toxic to rainbow trout than to guppies. However, compared with rainbow trout, guppies were more sensitive to Carbosulfan. The incidence of mortality in fish increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing pesticide concentrations. The time required to kill 50% (LT50) of the rainbow trout at the lowest concentrations of carbaryl, methiocarb, and Carbosulfan was 51 h 12 min, 74 h 35 min, and 107 h 57 min, respectively. As insecticide concentrations were increased, LT50 values decreased (P < 0.05).
Vakita Venkata Rathnamma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gas liquid chromatography flame ionization detector glc fid residue analysis of carbamate pesticide in freshwater fish labeo rohita
Toxicology Research, 2014Co-Authors: B Nagaraju, Vakita Venkata RathnammaAbstract:In this present study, the identification and quantification of Carbosulfan pesticide residues in freshwater fish Labeo rohita is developed. A gas liquid chromatographic (GLC) method was successfully developed for the determination of Carbosulfan residues. The fish were exposed to 1/10th sublethal concentration of Carbosulfan i.e. 0.12 mg L−1 for 15 days. The fish samples were extracted with n-hexane, cleaned up and purified. The order of tissues where the Carbosulfan pesticide bioaccumulation takes place were in the order: gill < kidney < liver < muscle. These results suggest that prolonged exposure to sublethal concentrations of Carbosulfan in Labeo rohita leads to increased accumulation of pesticide residues in tissues.