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K Becker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of sesbania sesban and Carduus pycnocephalus leaves and fenugreek trigonella foenum graecum l seeds and their extracts on partitioning of nutrients from roughage and concentrate based feeds to methane
    Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Gunjan Goel, Harinder P S Makkar, K Becker
    Abstract:

    The leaves of Carduus and Sesbania and seeds of Fenugreek and their extracts in water, methanol/water (1:1 and 0.95:0.05, v/v) were evaluated for their effects on methane production and partitioning of nutrients in hay or concentrate-hay (68:32)-based diets. When incubated alone, all the three test plants had higher (P<0.05) partitioning factor (PF), expressed as mg truly degraded substrate/ml gas produced (from 3.35 to 4.86) compared to the basal substrate hay (PF = 3.11) or concentrate-hay mixture (PF = 3.16), indicating increased efficiency of microbial mass production. The lowest net methane production of 0.120 ml/ml of net gas and 0.0283 ml/mg on truly degraded substrate basis was obtained for Carduus when rumen liquor was taken from hay fed animal; and when rumen liquor was taken from concentrate fed animal these values for Carduus were 0.116 ml/ml of net gas and 0.0253 ml/mg truly degraded substrate. These values were lower when compared for hay or concentrate-hay mixture as a substrate (0.176–0.185 ml/ml of net gas and 0.0565–0.0587 ml/mg truly degraded substrate) (P<0.05). These values for Fenugreek and Sesbania were intermediate between those for hay and Carduus. On supplementation to the basal diets, Carduus reduced methane level by 20–21.5% on substrate-degraded basis (P<0.05) for both the basal diets. Saponin rich Fenugreek and Sesbania did not show any methane inhibition on volume basis despite decrease in the protozoal numbers by nearly 50% in both the basal diets. On the other hand, supplementation of Fenugreek and Sesbania to hay or concentrate-hay mixture increased the PF and decreased methane production per unit substrate degraded, suggesting that these supplements enhanced the efficiency of rumen fermentation. The methanol/water (1:1, v/v) extract of Carduus reduced methane level by 7.6–7.8% (P<0.05) while no reduction was observed for Fenugreek and Sesbania extracts. No change in methane levels on addition of a tannin inactivating agent, polyethylene glycol (MW 6000) or of saponin rich fraction from Carduus leaves to the in vitro incubations containing Carduus leaves together with very low saponin content in these leaves showed that the active moiety(ies) in Carduus is non-tannin and non-saponin. The efficacy of the supplements studied in this study in vitro should be investigated in vivo. The supplementation of Carduus leaves could be effective for both roughage and concentrate fed animals; whereas, Fenugreek seeds and Sesbania leaves are expected to be more effective for concentrate fed animals.

  • Effects of Sesbania sesban and Carduus pycnocephalus leaves and Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds and their extracts on partitioning of nutrients from roughage-and concentrate-based feeds to methane
    Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Gunjan Goel, Harinder P S Makkar, K Becker
    Abstract:

    The leaves of Carduus and Sesbania and seeds of Fenugreek and their extracts in water, methanol/water (1:1 and 0.95:0.05, v/v) were evaluated for their effects on methane production and partitioning of nutrients in hay or concentrate-hay (68:32)-based diets. When incubated alone, all the three test plants had higher (P

Ivanka Dimitrova-dyulgerova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Genetic diversity of Bulgarian representatives of genus Carduus L. (Asteraceae) as revealed by variability in sequences of internal transcribed spacers region
    Taylor & Francis Group, 2018
    Co-Authors: Iliya Denev, Rumen Mladenov, Krasimir Todorov, Ina Kirilova, Plamen Stoyanov, Ivanka Dimitrova-dyulgerova
    Abstract:

    The biodiversity of genus Carduus in Bulgaria is grossly under-studied with modern methods, which leads to unclear status of species and hampers the assessment of their habitats and conservation status. In this study, we used the variability of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) to investigate the biodiversity of Carduus species collected from different floristic regions of Bulgaria. Thirty-three samples were processed. Among the studied species, C. acanthoides exhibited the highest ITS variability (eight single nucleotide polymorphisms were found). High ITS variability was also found in C. crispus and C. hamulosus, demonstrating that some of the local Carduus species possesses unique genetic diversity, which can serve as source for future divergence of new forms and subspecies. For each species, unique nucleotides suitable as molecular taxonomy markers were identified. However, C. nutans and C. thoermeri displayed completely identical ITS sequences, which is in agreement with all ITS sequences of these species collected elsewhere in the world and deposited in the NCBI database. After careful analyses of both molecular and morphological data, we propose to restore C. nutans and C. thoermeri as one species with two subspecies. Namely, Carduus nutans subsp. nutans and Carduus nutans subsp. thoermeri. We recommend diameter of capitulum, length of peduncle, width of peduncle and width of bract as diagnostic features of taxonomic significance for distinguishing the two subspecies

  • Genetic diversity of Bulgarian representatives of genus Carduus L. (Asteraceae) as revealed by variability in sequences of internal transcribed spacers region
    Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 2017
    Co-Authors: Iliya Denev, Rumen Mladenov, Krasimir Todorov, Ina Kirilova, Plamen Stoyanov, Ivanka Dimitrova-dyulgerova
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACTThe biodiversity of genus Carduus in Bulgaria is grossly under-studied with modern methods, which leads to unclear status of species and hampers the assessment of their habitats and conservation status. In this study, we used the variability of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) to investigate the biodiversity of Carduus species collected from different floristic regions of Bulgaria. Thirty-three samples were processed. Among the studied species, C. acanthoides exhibited the highest ITS variability (eight single nucleotide polymorphisms were found). High ITS variability was also found in C. crispus and C. hamulosus, demonstrating that some of the local Carduus species possesses unique genetic diversity, which can serve as source for future divergence of new forms and subspecies. For each species, unique nucleotides suitable as molecular taxonomy markers were identified. However, C. nutans and C. thoermeri displayed completely identical ITS sequences, which is in agreement with all ITS sequences of...

  • Phenolic Profile and In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Endemic Bulgarian Carduus Species.
    Pharmacognosy magazine, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ivanka Dimitrova-dyulgerova, Iliya Zhelev, Dasha Mihaylova
    Abstract:

    Plant species from genus Carduus are widely distributed in the world and represented in Bulgaria by 14 species. Previous investigations on this genus demonstrated a strong antioxidant potential of extract from some Bulgarian Carduus species. The present study investigates the phenolic profile and the antioxidant potential of different extracts obtained from four endemic Compositae herbs, growing wild in Bulgaria: Carduus armatus Boiss and Heldr., Carduus candicans Waldst. et Kit ssp. globifer (Velen.) Kazmi., Carduus rhodopaeus Velen. and Carduus thracicus (Velen.) Hayek. Antioxidant capacity of the obtained extracts was estimated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), and ferric reducing antioxidant power and copper reduction antioxidant assays. Phenolic profile was estimated by high performance liquid chromatography. Eleven phenolic acids and eight flavonoids were quantified in the inflorescences. Sinapic (2760.72 ± 15.68 μg/g dry weight [dw]), chlorogenic (2564.50 ± 19.73 μg/g dw) and ferulic acids (1648.71 ± 19.57 μg/g dw), as well as luteolin (2345.45 ± 18.61 μg/g dw) and apigenin (1332.75 ± 12.05 μg/g dw) were found to be the predominant compounds. The above contents are the highest values found in C. candicans ssp. globifer. The highest established antioxidant activity (AOA) was in favor of the ethanolic extracts, and the extract of C. rhodopaeus affirmed with the highest AOA among the investigated plant species. All identified phenolic compounds were reported for the 1(st) time in the studied endemic Carduus species, as well as their antioxidant capacities. The present study revealed that these plant species could be used as sources of antioxidants with potential medicinal properties. Phenolic acids and flavonoid profiles of four endemic compositae herbs, growing wild in Bulgaria: Carduus armatus, Carduus candicans ssp. globifer, Carduus rhodopaeus and Carduus thracicus, were quantified for the first time by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Eleven phenolic acids and eight flavonoids were determined in the inflorescences. Sinapic, chlorogenic and ferulic acids, as well as luteolin and apigenin were found to be the predominant compounds. The highest values of established phenolic compounds were found in C. candicans ssp. globifer. The studied plant extracts of Carduus species possessed antioxidant activity in favor of C. rhodopaeus and results confirmed 70 % ethanol as more appropriate solvent. The present study revealed that these plant species could be used as sources of antioxidants with potential medicinal properties.

  • Phenolic Profile and In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Endemic Bulgarian Carduus Species.
    Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ivanka Dimitrova-dyulgerova, Iliya Zhelev, Dasha Mihaylova
    Abstract:

    Background: Plant species from genus Carduus are widely distributed in the world and represented in Bulgaria by 14 species. Previous investigations on this genus demonstrated a strong antioxidant potential of extract from some Bulgarian Carduus species. Objective: The present study investigates the phenolic profile and the antioxidant potential of different extracts obtained from four endemic Compositae herbs, growing wild in Bulgaria: Carduus armatus Boiss and Heldr., Carduus candicans Waldst. et Kit ssp. globifer (Velen.) Kazmi., Carduus rhodopaeus Velen. and Carduus thracicus (Velen.) Hayek. Materials and Methods: Antioxidant capacity of the obtained extracts was estimated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'- azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), and ferric reducing antioxidant power and copper reduction antioxidant assays. Phenolic profile was estimated by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: Eleven phenolic acids and eight flavonoids were quantified in the inflorescences. Sinapic (2760.72 ± 15.68 mg/g dry weight [dw]), chlorogenic (2564.50 ± 19.73 mg/g dw) and ferulic acids (1648.71 ± 19.57 mg/g dw), as well as luteolin (2345.45 ± 18.61 mg/g dw) and apigenin (1332.75 ± 12.05 mg/g dw) were found to be the predominant compounds. The above contents are the highest values found in C. candicans ssp. globifer. The highest established antioxidant activity (AOA) was in favor of the ethanolic extracts, and the extract of C. rhodopaeus affirmed with the highest AOA among the investigated plant species. Conclusion: All identified phenolic compounds were reported for the 1 st time in the studied endemic Carduus species, as well as their antioxidant capacities. The present study revealed that these plant species could be used as sources of antioxidants with potential medicinal properties.

  • Chemical Composition of Carduus candicans ssp. globifer and Carduus thoermeri Essential Oils
    Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2014
    Co-Authors: Iliya Zhelev, Ivanka Dimitrova-dyulgerova, Pavel Merdzhanov, Albena Stoyanova
    Abstract:

    AbstractChemical composition of the essential oils from flower heads of Carduus candicans W.&K. ssp. globifer (Vel.) Kazmi and Carduus thoermeri Weinm., collected from Bulgaria, was determined by GC-MS. The main components of Carduus candicans ssp. globifer essential oil were benzaldehyde (22.1 %), palmitic acid (8.9 %), methyl salicylate (7.3 %), heptacosane (6.3 %), tricosane (6.1 %), pentacosane (5.6 %), Z-12-pentacosene (3.5 %) and β-caryophyllen (3.2 %). The oil of Carduus thoermeri contained mainly palmitic acid (17.9 %), methyl salicylate (14.8 %), benzaldehyde (13.2 %), trans-nerolidol (4.7 %), p-cymen-8-ol (4.5 %) and tricosane (2.7 %).

W.t. Mays - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Hanan M. Al-youssef - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • New pentacyclic triterpene ester and flavone glycoside from the biologically active extract of Carduus pycnocephalus L.
    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Latifa A. Al-shammari, Rehab H. Abdallah, Hanan M. Al-youssef, Wafaa H.b. Hassan
    Abstract:

    Bioassay guided phytochemical investigation of petroleum ether, chloroform and butanol  fractions obtained from biologically active total alcoholic extract of Carduus pycnocephalus led to isolation of  two new compounds, 3-O-acetyl-ursolic acid-28-ethyl ester (compound 1) and diosmetin-7-O-α-L-arabinopyransyl (1```→4``)-β-D- glucopyranoside (compound 5) along with  three  known compounds, bis (2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate) (compound 2),  3α, 24 dihydroxyolean-12-en-28, 30-dioic acid dimethyl ester (compound 3) and kaempferol (compound 4). Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods (UV, MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY, HSQC and HMBC) and by comparison with published data. Compounds 2 and 3 were isolated for the first time from genus Carduus. The cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the ethanolic extract were evaluated and the extract showed variable degrees of activities. It showed significant cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, A-549 and HepG-2 cell lines with IC50, 17.9, 17.5  and  21.8 µg, respectively. The extract displayed weak antioxidant activity by scavenging of DPPH with SC50 554.2 µg. In agar diffusion assay, the extract exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and strong antifungal activity against Syncephalastrum racemosum. Key words: Carduus pycnocephalus L.; new triterpene ester, flavonoidal glycoside, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial activity.

  • Phytochemical and biological studies of Carduus pycnocephalus L.
    Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 2015
    Co-Authors: Latifa A. Al-shammari, Wafaa H.b. Hassan, Hanan M. Al-youssef
    Abstract:

    Abstract Seven flavonoidal compounds, apigenin ( 1 ), kaempferol-3- O -β- d -glucoside ( 2 ), kaempferol-3- O -α- l -rhamnoside ( 3 ), kaempferol-7-methoxy-3- O -α- l -rhamnoside ( 4 ), diosmetin-7- O -β- d -xylosyl-(1‴→6″)-β- d -glucopyranoside ( 5 ), diosmetin-7- O -α- l -arabinosyl (1‴→6″)-β- d -glucopyranoside ( 6 ), kaempferol-3- O -α- l -rhamnosyl-(1‴→2″)-α- l -rhamnoside ( 7 ), in addition to lupeol ( 8 ), β-sitosterol ( 9 ) and β-sitosterol-3- O -β- d -glucoside ( 10 ) were isolated from the aerial parts of Carduus pycnocephalus L. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by UV, IR, FAB-MS, ESI-MS, EI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1 , 2 , and 4 were reported for the first time from C . pycnocephalus and compounds 5 and 7 were first reported from the genus Carduus . Anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and hypotensive activities were assessed for all extracts which showed variable activities.

Latifa A. Al-shammari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • New pentacyclic triterpene ester and flavone glycoside from the biologically active extract of Carduus pycnocephalus L.
    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Latifa A. Al-shammari, Rehab H. Abdallah, Hanan M. Al-youssef, Wafaa H.b. Hassan
    Abstract:

    Bioassay guided phytochemical investigation of petroleum ether, chloroform and butanol  fractions obtained from biologically active total alcoholic extract of Carduus pycnocephalus led to isolation of  two new compounds, 3-O-acetyl-ursolic acid-28-ethyl ester (compound 1) and diosmetin-7-O-α-L-arabinopyransyl (1```→4``)-β-D- glucopyranoside (compound 5) along with  three  known compounds, bis (2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate) (compound 2),  3α, 24 dihydroxyolean-12-en-28, 30-dioic acid dimethyl ester (compound 3) and kaempferol (compound 4). Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods (UV, MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY, HSQC and HMBC) and by comparison with published data. Compounds 2 and 3 were isolated for the first time from genus Carduus. The cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the ethanolic extract were evaluated and the extract showed variable degrees of activities. It showed significant cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, A-549 and HepG-2 cell lines with IC50, 17.9, 17.5  and  21.8 µg, respectively. The extract displayed weak antioxidant activity by scavenging of DPPH with SC50 554.2 µg. In agar diffusion assay, the extract exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and strong antifungal activity against Syncephalastrum racemosum. Key words: Carduus pycnocephalus L.; new triterpene ester, flavonoidal glycoside, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial activity.

  • Phytochemical and biological studies of Carduus pycnocephalus L.
    Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 2015
    Co-Authors: Latifa A. Al-shammari, Wafaa H.b. Hassan, Hanan M. Al-youssef
    Abstract:

    Abstract Seven flavonoidal compounds, apigenin ( 1 ), kaempferol-3- O -β- d -glucoside ( 2 ), kaempferol-3- O -α- l -rhamnoside ( 3 ), kaempferol-7-methoxy-3- O -α- l -rhamnoside ( 4 ), diosmetin-7- O -β- d -xylosyl-(1‴→6″)-β- d -glucopyranoside ( 5 ), diosmetin-7- O -α- l -arabinosyl (1‴→6″)-β- d -glucopyranoside ( 6 ), kaempferol-3- O -α- l -rhamnosyl-(1‴→2″)-α- l -rhamnoside ( 7 ), in addition to lupeol ( 8 ), β-sitosterol ( 9 ) and β-sitosterol-3- O -β- d -glucoside ( 10 ) were isolated from the aerial parts of Carduus pycnocephalus L. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by UV, IR, FAB-MS, ESI-MS, EI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1 , 2 , and 4 were reported for the first time from C . pycnocephalus and compounds 5 and 7 were first reported from the genus Carduus . Anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and hypotensive activities were assessed for all extracts which showed variable activities.