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Jelle Miedema - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Life cycle assessment of Cash payments in the Netherlands
    The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2019
    Co-Authors: Randall Hanegraaf, Atakan Larçin, Steven Mandley, Nicole Jonker, Jelle Miedema
    Abstract:

    PurposeThis study quantifies the impact of the Dutch Cash payment system on the environment and on climate change using a life cycle assessment (LCA). It examines both the impact of coins and of banknotes. In addition, it identifies areas within the Cash payment system where the impact on the environment and on the climate can be reduced.MethodsThe ReCiPe endpoint (H) impact method was used for this LCA. The Cash payment system has been divided into five subsystems: the production of banknotes, the production of coins, the operation phase, the end of life of banknotes and the end of life of coins. Two functional units were used: (1) cumulative Cash payments in the Netherlands in 2015 and (2) the average single Cash payment in the Netherlands in 2015. Input data for all processes within each subsystem was collected through interviews and literature study. Ten key companies and authorities in the Cash payment chain contributed data, i.e. the Dutch central bank, the Royal Dutch Mint, a commercial bank, a Cash logistic service provider, two Cash-in-transit companies, two printing works, an ATM manufacturer and a municipal waste incinerator.Results and discussionThe environmental impact of the Dutch Cash payment system in 2015 was 2.42 MPt (expressed in eco points) and its global warming potential (GWP) was 19 million kg CO2 equivalents (CO2e). For an average single Cash Transaction, the environmental impact was 654 μPt and the GWP was 5.1 g CO2e. The operation phase (e.g. energy use of ATMs, transport of banknotes and coins) (64%) and coin production phase (31%) had the largest impact on the environment, while the operation phase also had the largest impact on climate change human health (89%) and climate change ecosystems (56%). Finally, scenario analysis shows that reductions of the environmental impact (47%) and the impact on climate change (50%) could be achieved by implementing a number of measures, namely reducing the number of ATMs, stimulating the use of renewable energy in ATMs, introducing hybrid trucks for Cash transport and matching coins with other countries in the euro area.ConclusionsThis is the first study that investigates the environmental impact and GWP of the Cash payment system in the Netherlands, by taking both the impact of banknotes and coins into account. The total environmental impact of Cash payments in 2015 was 2.42 MPt and their GWP was 19 million kg CO2e.

Habibaty, Sharissa Chairani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • PENERAPAN PASAL 63 POJK NOMOR 12/POJK.01/2017 TENTANG PROGRAM ANTI PENCUCIAN UANG DAN PENCEGAHAN PENDANAAN TERORISME DI SEKTOR JASA KEUANGAN MENGENAI PENGAWASAN KEPATUHAN OLEH OJK TERHADAP BANK UMUM DALAM PENCEGAHAN ALIRAN DANA TERORISME (Studi di O
    Kumpulan Jurnal Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum, 2020
    Co-Authors: Habibaty, Sharissa Chairani
    Abstract:

    Sharissa Chairani Habibaty, Reka Dewantara, Diah Pawestri Maharani Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya Jl. MT. Haryono No. 169 Malang e-mail: sharissach07@gmail.com ABSTRAK Salah satu bentuk ancaman yang menjadi isu internasional maupun nasional adalah perkembangan kelompok-kelompok radikalisme yang telah mengarahkan pada gerakan terorisme. Terorisme merupakan suatu bentuk ancaman nyata yang sangat mengganggu stabilitas keamanan suatu negara bahkan dapat mengancam persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa. Terorsime sebagai kejahatan luar biasa, kejahatan kemanusian dan kejahatan lintas negara, menuntut kita berupaya menanggulanginya dengan menggunakan strategi, kebijakan dan program yang luar biasa pula. Unsur pendanaan merupakan salah satu faktor utama dalam setiap aksi terorisme sehingga upaya penanggulangan tindak pidana terorisme diyakini tidak optimal tanpa diikuti dengan upaya pencegahan dan pemberantasan terhadap pendanaan terorisme. OJK sebagaimana Pasal 1 Angka 12 Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 9 Tahun 2013 adalah Lembaga Pengawas dan Pengatur yang selanjutnya disingkat LPP yang mempunyai  tugas melakukan pengaturan dan pengawasan terhadap kegiatan di sektor jasa keuangan  termasuk memastikan kepatuhan Bank dalam menyampaikan Laporan Transaksi Keuangan Mencurigakan, Laporan Transaksi Keuangan Tunai dan Laporan Transaksi Keuangan Transfer Dana Dari dan Ke Luar Negeri kepada PPATK. Kata Kunci : Terorisme, Pendanaan Terorisme, Pengawasan Kepatuhan   ABSTRACT Radicalism potentially turning into terrorism has been a threatening issue at both national and international level. Terrorism is a threat interrupting the stability of a state’s security or even ruining the unity of a state. Terrorism is a crime deemed extraordinary, a human crime taking place across countries, and it demands some measures, strategies, policies, and extraordinary programs to tackle the issue. Funding terrorism is the primary element to run terrorism. When this is the case, terrorism prevention is not performed optimally without any preventing measures directed to terrorism funding. Financial Services Authority, as in Article 1 Point 12 of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 9 of 2013, is a body authorised for supervision and regulation (LPP) over financial services activities in banking sector. It also holds the authority of assuring compliance of a bank in terms of submitting suspicious financial Transaction report, Cash Transaction report, and report of financial transfer from or to foreign countries to Financial Transaction Analysis and Report Centre (PPATK). Keywords : Terrorism, Terrorism Funding, Supervision Over Complianc

Randall Hanegraaf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Life cycle assessment of Cash payments in the Netherlands
    The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2019
    Co-Authors: Randall Hanegraaf, Atakan Larçin, Steven Mandley, Nicole Jonker, Jelle Miedema
    Abstract:

    PurposeThis study quantifies the impact of the Dutch Cash payment system on the environment and on climate change using a life cycle assessment (LCA). It examines both the impact of coins and of banknotes. In addition, it identifies areas within the Cash payment system where the impact on the environment and on the climate can be reduced.MethodsThe ReCiPe endpoint (H) impact method was used for this LCA. The Cash payment system has been divided into five subsystems: the production of banknotes, the production of coins, the operation phase, the end of life of banknotes and the end of life of coins. Two functional units were used: (1) cumulative Cash payments in the Netherlands in 2015 and (2) the average single Cash payment in the Netherlands in 2015. Input data for all processes within each subsystem was collected through interviews and literature study. Ten key companies and authorities in the Cash payment chain contributed data, i.e. the Dutch central bank, the Royal Dutch Mint, a commercial bank, a Cash logistic service provider, two Cash-in-transit companies, two printing works, an ATM manufacturer and a municipal waste incinerator.Results and discussionThe environmental impact of the Dutch Cash payment system in 2015 was 2.42 MPt (expressed in eco points) and its global warming potential (GWP) was 19 million kg CO2 equivalents (CO2e). For an average single Cash Transaction, the environmental impact was 654 μPt and the GWP was 5.1 g CO2e. The operation phase (e.g. energy use of ATMs, transport of banknotes and coins) (64%) and coin production phase (31%) had the largest impact on the environment, while the operation phase also had the largest impact on climate change human health (89%) and climate change ecosystems (56%). Finally, scenario analysis shows that reductions of the environmental impact (47%) and the impact on climate change (50%) could be achieved by implementing a number of measures, namely reducing the number of ATMs, stimulating the use of renewable energy in ATMs, introducing hybrid trucks for Cash transport and matching coins with other countries in the euro area.ConclusionsThis is the first study that investigates the environmental impact and GWP of the Cash payment system in the Netherlands, by taking both the impact of banknotes and coins into account. The total environmental impact of Cash payments in 2015 was 2.42 MPt and their GWP was 19 million kg CO2e.

Jim Plusquellic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • physical unclonable function puf based e Cash Transaction protocol puf Cash
    Cryptography, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jeff Calhoun, Cyrus Minwalla, Charles Helmich, Fareena Saqib, Wenjie Che, Jim Plusquellic
    Abstract:

    Electronic money (e-money or e-Cash) is the digital representation of physical banknotes augmented by added use cases of online and remote payments. This paper presents a novel, anonymous e-money Transaction protocol, built based on physical unclonable functions (PUFs), titled PUF-Cash. PUF-Cash preserves user anonymity while enabling both offline and online Transaction capability. The PUF’s privacy-preserving property is leveraged to create blinded tokens for Transaction anonymity while its hardware-based challenge–response pair authentication scheme provides a secure solution that is impervious to typical protocol attacks. The scheme is inspired from Chaum’s DigiCash work in the 1980s and subsequent improvements. Unlike Chaum’s scheme, which relies on Rivest, Shamir and Adlemans’s (RSA’s) multiplicative homomorphic property to provide anonymity, the anonymity scheme proposed in this paper leverages the random and unique statistical properties of synthesized integrated circuits. PUF-Cash is implemented and demonstrated using a set of Xilinx Zynq Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Experimental results suggest that the hardware footprint of the solution is small, and the Transaction rate is suitable for large-scale applications. An in-depth security analysis suggests that the solution possesses excellent statistical qualities in the generated authentication and encryption keys, and it is robust against a variety of attack vectors including model-building, impersonation, and side-channel variants.

Khan Habibullah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Analysis of Electronic Banking Services & Its Issues in Pakistan
    The International Institute for Science Technology and Education (IISTE), 2017
    Co-Authors: Khan Habibullah
    Abstract:

    Technology is making a tremendous impact upon financial services sector is no exception. Today, banks take special attention to customers' perspective by providing quality of services. Loyalty is a very important issue for customers and for the sake of organizational benefits, the banks need to obtain customer satisfaction due to competitive market. In the areas of services the concept of service quality plays a central role in understanding customer satisfaction and retention. To improve the efficiency and enhance pace of working information technology is playing a fundamental role in any business. This becoming a critical success factor to gain competitive edge than competitors. Electronic banking includes phone or mobile banking, Internet or online banking and email banking and ATM. banking Sector or industry, bringing up new product called online banking or e-banking. Customer needs and requirements are changing day by day. Customer wants instant response, access, convenience and security. There are several issues in  electronic banking which customer face; including Non availability of sufficient Cash in ATM in particular occasion and time, Link down, customer account debited but receiver’s account is not debited, pin generation process and card blocking process and any Cash Transaction related problems. The Banks now use different mobile applications app, MAC ID system and code generation to double verify the PIN and customer verification tactics in online banking to secure the customers Transactions. The technology brings easiness, reliability and competence. The rate of success of these new products will depend on the suitability of the technology selected for the customers in banks. A well-defined security system and audit plan will ensure the long term success of IT plans of banks. Security is the most critical factor for banks now a days. Keywords: Customer perspective, Service quality, Electronic banking, ATM, MAC ID, Information technology