The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Klaus Kummerer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biodegradability of Cefotiam ciprofloxacin meropenem penicillin g and sulfamethoxazole and inhibition of waste water bacteria
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1999Co-Authors: Ali Alahmad, F D Daschner, Klaus KummererAbstract:Most antibiotics are metabolized only incompletely by patients after administration and enter the municipal sewage with the patients' excretions. Little is known about their biodegradability in aquatic environments and their role with respect to growing bacterial resistance. Therefore, the biodegradability of some clinically important antibiotic drugs as a very first step of an environmental risk assessment was investigated with the OECD closed bottle test (CBT). To assess toxicity of the test compounds against aquatic bacteria (1) a growth inhibition test (GIT) with Pseudomonas putida was conducted; (2) a toxicity control was used in the CBT; and (3) the colony-forming units (CFUs) were monitored in the test vessels. Theoretical concentrations of the test substances in hospital effluents were calculated and compared with minimum inhibitory concentrations for susceptible pathogenic bacteria. None of the test compounds met the criteria for ready biodegradability. Only penicillin G was biodegradable to some degree (27%), even when the test was prolonged from 28 to 40 days (35%). The inhibition concentrations measured in the GIT were in the same range or lower than the 50% minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50) known for susceptible pathogenic bacteria. CFU monitoring revealed high toxicity for sulfamethoxazole, whereas ciprofloxacin had a weak but significant effect; only for meropenem a weak but significant effect was measured in the toxicity control of the CBT. MIC50 published for susceptible pathogenic bacteria were for all compounds in the same range as the concentrations expected for hospital effluents. Therefore, antibiotic drugs emitted into municipal sewage may affect the biological process in sewage treatment plants (STPs), and they may persist in the aquatic environment and contribute to the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria.http://link.springer-ny. com/link/service/journals/00244/bibs/37n2p158.html
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Biodegradability of Cefotiam, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, penicillin G, and sulfamethoxazole and inhibition of waste water bacteria
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1999Co-Authors: F D Daschner, Klaus KummererAbstract:Most antibiotics are metabolized only incompletely by patients after administration and enter the municipal sewage with the patients' excretions. Little is known about their biodegradability in aquatic environments and their role with respect to growing bacterial resistance. Therefore, the biodegradability of some clinically important antibiotic drugs as a very first step of an environmental risk assessment was investigated with the OECD closed bottle test (CBT). To assess toxicity of the test compounds against aquatic bacteria (1) a growth inhibition test (GIT) with Pseudomonas putida was conducted; (2) a toxicity control was used in the CBT; and (3) the colony-forming units (CFUs) were monitored in the test vessels. Theoretical concentrations of the test substances in hospital effluents were calculated and compared with minimum inhibitory concentrations for susceptible pathogenic bacteria. None of the test compounds met the criteria for ready biodegradability. Only penicillin G was biodegradable to some degree (27%), even when the test was prolonged from 28 to 40 days (35%). The inhibition concentrations measured in the GIT were in the same range or lower than the 50% minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50) known for susceptible pathogenic bacteria. CFU monitoring revealed high toxicity for sulfamethoxazole, whereas ciprofloxacin had a weak but significant effect; only for meropenem a weak but significant effect was measured in the toxicity control of the CBT. MIC50 published for susceptible pathogenic bacteria were for all compounds in the same range as the concentrations expected for hospital effluents. Therefore, antibiotic drugs emitted into municipal sewage may affect the biological process in sewage treatment plants (STPs), and they may persist in the aquatic environment and contribute to the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria.
F D Daschner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biodegradability of Cefotiam ciprofloxacin meropenem penicillin g and sulfamethoxazole and inhibition of waste water bacteria
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1999Co-Authors: Ali Alahmad, F D Daschner, Klaus KummererAbstract:Most antibiotics are metabolized only incompletely by patients after administration and enter the municipal sewage with the patients' excretions. Little is known about their biodegradability in aquatic environments and their role with respect to growing bacterial resistance. Therefore, the biodegradability of some clinically important antibiotic drugs as a very first step of an environmental risk assessment was investigated with the OECD closed bottle test (CBT). To assess toxicity of the test compounds against aquatic bacteria (1) a growth inhibition test (GIT) with Pseudomonas putida was conducted; (2) a toxicity control was used in the CBT; and (3) the colony-forming units (CFUs) were monitored in the test vessels. Theoretical concentrations of the test substances in hospital effluents were calculated and compared with minimum inhibitory concentrations for susceptible pathogenic bacteria. None of the test compounds met the criteria for ready biodegradability. Only penicillin G was biodegradable to some degree (27%), even when the test was prolonged from 28 to 40 days (35%). The inhibition concentrations measured in the GIT were in the same range or lower than the 50% minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50) known for susceptible pathogenic bacteria. CFU monitoring revealed high toxicity for sulfamethoxazole, whereas ciprofloxacin had a weak but significant effect; only for meropenem a weak but significant effect was measured in the toxicity control of the CBT. MIC50 published for susceptible pathogenic bacteria were for all compounds in the same range as the concentrations expected for hospital effluents. Therefore, antibiotic drugs emitted into municipal sewage may affect the biological process in sewage treatment plants (STPs), and they may persist in the aquatic environment and contribute to the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria.http://link.springer-ny. com/link/service/journals/00244/bibs/37n2p158.html
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Biodegradability of Cefotiam, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, penicillin G, and sulfamethoxazole and inhibition of waste water bacteria
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1999Co-Authors: F D Daschner, Klaus KummererAbstract:Most antibiotics are metabolized only incompletely by patients after administration and enter the municipal sewage with the patients' excretions. Little is known about their biodegradability in aquatic environments and their role with respect to growing bacterial resistance. Therefore, the biodegradability of some clinically important antibiotic drugs as a very first step of an environmental risk assessment was investigated with the OECD closed bottle test (CBT). To assess toxicity of the test compounds against aquatic bacteria (1) a growth inhibition test (GIT) with Pseudomonas putida was conducted; (2) a toxicity control was used in the CBT; and (3) the colony-forming units (CFUs) were monitored in the test vessels. Theoretical concentrations of the test substances in hospital effluents were calculated and compared with minimum inhibitory concentrations for susceptible pathogenic bacteria. None of the test compounds met the criteria for ready biodegradability. Only penicillin G was biodegradable to some degree (27%), even when the test was prolonged from 28 to 40 days (35%). The inhibition concentrations measured in the GIT were in the same range or lower than the 50% minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50) known for susceptible pathogenic bacteria. CFU monitoring revealed high toxicity for sulfamethoxazole, whereas ciprofloxacin had a weak but significant effect; only for meropenem a weak but significant effect was measured in the toxicity control of the CBT. MIC50 published for susceptible pathogenic bacteria were for all compounds in the same range as the concentrations expected for hospital effluents. Therefore, antibiotic drugs emitted into municipal sewage may affect the biological process in sewage treatment plants (STPs), and they may persist in the aquatic environment and contribute to the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria.
Herry Herman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparison between Cefotiam and Cefotiam netilmycin antibiotic therapy for grade iii open tibial fractures
Malaysian orthopaedic journal, 2009Co-Authors: N N Hidajat, Herry HermanAbstract:We studied the effect of the addition of the bacteriostatic agent, netilmycin, to Cefotiam treatment as prophylactic antibiotics against infection for grade III open tibial fractures. From 45 eligible cases, assigned randomly to a control group that receive only Cefotiam, and the treatment group that receive netilmycin in addition to Cefotiam. We observed that the clearing of infection occurred earlier in the Cefotiam /netilmycin group. We found that 3-day administration of Cefotiam-netilmycin is superior to 3-day administration of Cefotiam only. It is equivalent to 5-day treatment with Cefotiam alone.
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Comparison Between Cefotiam And Cefotiam / Netilmycin Antibiotic Therapy for Grade III Open Tibial Fractures
University of Malaya, 2009Co-Authors: N N Hidajat, Herry HermanAbstract:We studied the effect of the addition of the bacteriostatic agent, netilmycin, to Cefotiam treatment as prophylactic antibiotics against infection for grade III open tibial fractures. From 45 eligible cases, assigned randomly to a control group that receive only Cefotiam, and the treatment group that receive netilmycin in addition to Cefotiam. We observed that the clearing of infection occurred earlier in the Cefotiam /netilmycin group. We found that 3-day administration of Cefotiam-netilmycin is superior to 3-day administration of Cefotiam only. It is equivalent to 5-day treatment with Cefotiam alone
Yoshiaki Hori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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in vitro analysis of mediators of contact urticaria caused by Cefotiam hydrochloride
Allergology International, 1996Co-Authors: Hiroko Miyahara, Shuhei Imayama, Tetsuya Koga, Yoshiaki HoriAbstract:ABSTRACT Contact urticaria syndrome is a rare but potentially serious problem for hospital staff that handle antibiotics and other agents. While the cause is immunologic, little is known about the mediators involved. To investigate these mediators, three nurses with contact urticaria syndrome caused by exposure to Cefotiam hydrochloride (CTM), and five normal controls were evaluated. IgE antibodies specific for CTM were detected by the radioallergosorbent technique (RAST). In response to CTM, cytokines were released from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and sulfidoleukotrienes were released from peripheral blood leukocytes. RAST counts in the three nurses with this syndrome exceeded those in the normal controls. The stimulation index of the leukotrienes released from the peripheral blood leukocytes in response to CTM also exceeded those in the normal controls. Higher levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were also detected in the supernatant of the patients' PBMC. The results suggest that contact urticaria syndrome caused by exposure to CTM was induced by an immunologic mechanism via IgE antibodies, and that GM-CSF and leukotrienes may be involved in this reaction.
Ali Alahmad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biodegradability of Cefotiam ciprofloxacin meropenem penicillin g and sulfamethoxazole and inhibition of waste water bacteria
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1999Co-Authors: Ali Alahmad, F D Daschner, Klaus KummererAbstract:Most antibiotics are metabolized only incompletely by patients after administration and enter the municipal sewage with the patients' excretions. Little is known about their biodegradability in aquatic environments and their role with respect to growing bacterial resistance. Therefore, the biodegradability of some clinically important antibiotic drugs as a very first step of an environmental risk assessment was investigated with the OECD closed bottle test (CBT). To assess toxicity of the test compounds against aquatic bacteria (1) a growth inhibition test (GIT) with Pseudomonas putida was conducted; (2) a toxicity control was used in the CBT; and (3) the colony-forming units (CFUs) were monitored in the test vessels. Theoretical concentrations of the test substances in hospital effluents were calculated and compared with minimum inhibitory concentrations for susceptible pathogenic bacteria. None of the test compounds met the criteria for ready biodegradability. Only penicillin G was biodegradable to some degree (27%), even when the test was prolonged from 28 to 40 days (35%). The inhibition concentrations measured in the GIT were in the same range or lower than the 50% minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50) known for susceptible pathogenic bacteria. CFU monitoring revealed high toxicity for sulfamethoxazole, whereas ciprofloxacin had a weak but significant effect; only for meropenem a weak but significant effect was measured in the toxicity control of the CBT. MIC50 published for susceptible pathogenic bacteria were for all compounds in the same range as the concentrations expected for hospital effluents. Therefore, antibiotic drugs emitted into municipal sewage may affect the biological process in sewage treatment plants (STPs), and they may persist in the aquatic environment and contribute to the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria.http://link.springer-ny. com/link/service/journals/00244/bibs/37n2p158.html