The Experts below are selected from a list of 297 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jiwang Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of waterlogging on leaf mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure and photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Baizhao Ren, Shuting Dong, Peng Liu, Jiwang Zhang, Bin ZhaoAbstract:A field experiment was performed to study the effects of waterlogging on the leaf mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure, chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of summer maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids Denghai605 (DH605) and Zhengdan958 (ZD958). The waterlogging treatments were implemented for different durations (3 and 6 days) at the third leaf stage (V3), the sixth leaf stage (V6), and the 10th day after the tasseling stage (10VT). Leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate (Pn), and actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII) were reduced after waterlogging, indicating that waterlogging significantly decreased photosynthetic capacity. The chloroplast shapes changed from long and oval to elliptical or circular after waterlogging. In addition, the internal structures of chloroplasts were degenerated after waterlogging. After waterlogging for 6 d at V3, the number of grana and grana lamellae of the third expanded leaf in DH605 were decreased by 26.83% and 55.95%, respectively, compared to the control (CK). Those in ZD958 were reduced by 30.08% and 31.94%, respectively. Waterlogging increased MDA content in both hybrids, suggesting an impact of waterlogging on membrane integrity and thus membrane deterioration. Waterlogging also damaged the biological membrane structure and mitochondria. Our results indicated that the physiological reactions to waterlogging were closely related to lower LAI, chlorophyll content, and Pn and to the destruction of chloroplast Ultrastructure. These negative effects resulted in the decrease of grain yield in response to waterlogging. Summer maize was the most susceptible to damage when waterlogging occurred at V3, followed by V6 and 10VT, with damage increasing in the wake of waterlogging duration increasing.
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Effects of shading on the photosynthetic characteristics and mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure of summer maize.
Die Naturwissenschaften, 2016Co-Authors: Baizhao Ren, Haiyan Cui, James J Camberato, Shuting Dong, Peng Liu, Bin Zhao, Jiwang ZhangAbstract:A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of shading on the photosynthetic characteristics and mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure of two summer maize hybrids Denghai605 (DH605) and Zhengdan958 (ZD958). The ambient sunlight treatment was used as control (CK) and shading treatments (40 % of ambient sunlight) were applied at different growth stages from silking (R1) to physiological maturity (R6) (S1), from the sixth leaf stage (V6) to R1 (S2), and from seeding to R6 (S3), respectively. The net photosynthetic rate (P n) was significantly decreased after shading. The greatest reduction of P n was found at S3 treatment, followed by S1 and S2 treatments. P n of S3 was decreased by 59 and 48 % for DH605, and 39 and 43 % for ZD958 at tasseling and milk-ripe stages, respectively, compared to that of CK. Additionally, leaf area index (LAI) and chlorophyll content decreased after shading. In terms of mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure, chloroplast configuration of mesophyll Cells dispersed, and part of chloroplast swelled and became circular. Meanwhile, the major characteristics of chloroplasts showed poorly developed thylakoid structure at the early growth stage, blurry lamellar structure, loose grana, and a large gap between slices and warping granum. Then, plasmolysis occurred in mesophyll Cells and the endomembrane system was destroyed, which resulted in the dissolution of Cell membrane, karyotheca, mitochondria, and some membrane structures. The damaged mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure led to the decrease of photosynthetic capacity, and thus resulted in significant yield reduction by 45, 11, and 84 % in S1, S2, and S3 treatments, respectively, compared to that of CK.
Bin Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of waterlogging on leaf mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure and photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Baizhao Ren, Shuting Dong, Peng Liu, Jiwang Zhang, Bin ZhaoAbstract:A field experiment was performed to study the effects of waterlogging on the leaf mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure, chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of summer maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids Denghai605 (DH605) and Zhengdan958 (ZD958). The waterlogging treatments were implemented for different durations (3 and 6 days) at the third leaf stage (V3), the sixth leaf stage (V6), and the 10th day after the tasseling stage (10VT). Leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate (Pn), and actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII) were reduced after waterlogging, indicating that waterlogging significantly decreased photosynthetic capacity. The chloroplast shapes changed from long and oval to elliptical or circular after waterlogging. In addition, the internal structures of chloroplasts were degenerated after waterlogging. After waterlogging for 6 d at V3, the number of grana and grana lamellae of the third expanded leaf in DH605 were decreased by 26.83% and 55.95%, respectively, compared to the control (CK). Those in ZD958 were reduced by 30.08% and 31.94%, respectively. Waterlogging increased MDA content in both hybrids, suggesting an impact of waterlogging on membrane integrity and thus membrane deterioration. Waterlogging also damaged the biological membrane structure and mitochondria. Our results indicated that the physiological reactions to waterlogging were closely related to lower LAI, chlorophyll content, and Pn and to the destruction of chloroplast Ultrastructure. These negative effects resulted in the decrease of grain yield in response to waterlogging. Summer maize was the most susceptible to damage when waterlogging occurred at V3, followed by V6 and 10VT, with damage increasing in the wake of waterlogging duration increasing.
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Effects of shading on the photosynthetic characteristics and mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure of summer maize.
Die Naturwissenschaften, 2016Co-Authors: Baizhao Ren, Haiyan Cui, James J Camberato, Shuting Dong, Peng Liu, Bin Zhao, Jiwang ZhangAbstract:A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of shading on the photosynthetic characteristics and mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure of two summer maize hybrids Denghai605 (DH605) and Zhengdan958 (ZD958). The ambient sunlight treatment was used as control (CK) and shading treatments (40 % of ambient sunlight) were applied at different growth stages from silking (R1) to physiological maturity (R6) (S1), from the sixth leaf stage (V6) to R1 (S2), and from seeding to R6 (S3), respectively. The net photosynthetic rate (P n) was significantly decreased after shading. The greatest reduction of P n was found at S3 treatment, followed by S1 and S2 treatments. P n of S3 was decreased by 59 and 48 % for DH605, and 39 and 43 % for ZD958 at tasseling and milk-ripe stages, respectively, compared to that of CK. Additionally, leaf area index (LAI) and chlorophyll content decreased after shading. In terms of mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure, chloroplast configuration of mesophyll Cells dispersed, and part of chloroplast swelled and became circular. Meanwhile, the major characteristics of chloroplasts showed poorly developed thylakoid structure at the early growth stage, blurry lamellar structure, loose grana, and a large gap between slices and warping granum. Then, plasmolysis occurred in mesophyll Cells and the endomembrane system was destroyed, which resulted in the dissolution of Cell membrane, karyotheca, mitochondria, and some membrane structures. The damaged mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure led to the decrease of photosynthetic capacity, and thus resulted in significant yield reduction by 45, 11, and 84 % in S1, S2, and S3 treatments, respectively, compared to that of CK.
Baizhao Ren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of waterlogging on leaf mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure and photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Baizhao Ren, Shuting Dong, Peng Liu, Jiwang Zhang, Bin ZhaoAbstract:A field experiment was performed to study the effects of waterlogging on the leaf mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure, chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of summer maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids Denghai605 (DH605) and Zhengdan958 (ZD958). The waterlogging treatments were implemented for different durations (3 and 6 days) at the third leaf stage (V3), the sixth leaf stage (V6), and the 10th day after the tasseling stage (10VT). Leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate (Pn), and actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII) were reduced after waterlogging, indicating that waterlogging significantly decreased photosynthetic capacity. The chloroplast shapes changed from long and oval to elliptical or circular after waterlogging. In addition, the internal structures of chloroplasts were degenerated after waterlogging. After waterlogging for 6 d at V3, the number of grana and grana lamellae of the third expanded leaf in DH605 were decreased by 26.83% and 55.95%, respectively, compared to the control (CK). Those in ZD958 were reduced by 30.08% and 31.94%, respectively. Waterlogging increased MDA content in both hybrids, suggesting an impact of waterlogging on membrane integrity and thus membrane deterioration. Waterlogging also damaged the biological membrane structure and mitochondria. Our results indicated that the physiological reactions to waterlogging were closely related to lower LAI, chlorophyll content, and Pn and to the destruction of chloroplast Ultrastructure. These negative effects resulted in the decrease of grain yield in response to waterlogging. Summer maize was the most susceptible to damage when waterlogging occurred at V3, followed by V6 and 10VT, with damage increasing in the wake of waterlogging duration increasing.
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Effects of shading on the photosynthetic characteristics and mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure of summer maize.
Die Naturwissenschaften, 2016Co-Authors: Baizhao Ren, Haiyan Cui, James J Camberato, Shuting Dong, Peng Liu, Bin Zhao, Jiwang ZhangAbstract:A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of shading on the photosynthetic characteristics and mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure of two summer maize hybrids Denghai605 (DH605) and Zhengdan958 (ZD958). The ambient sunlight treatment was used as control (CK) and shading treatments (40 % of ambient sunlight) were applied at different growth stages from silking (R1) to physiological maturity (R6) (S1), from the sixth leaf stage (V6) to R1 (S2), and from seeding to R6 (S3), respectively. The net photosynthetic rate (P n) was significantly decreased after shading. The greatest reduction of P n was found at S3 treatment, followed by S1 and S2 treatments. P n of S3 was decreased by 59 and 48 % for DH605, and 39 and 43 % for ZD958 at tasseling and milk-ripe stages, respectively, compared to that of CK. Additionally, leaf area index (LAI) and chlorophyll content decreased after shading. In terms of mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure, chloroplast configuration of mesophyll Cells dispersed, and part of chloroplast swelled and became circular. Meanwhile, the major characteristics of chloroplasts showed poorly developed thylakoid structure at the early growth stage, blurry lamellar structure, loose grana, and a large gap between slices and warping granum. Then, plasmolysis occurred in mesophyll Cells and the endomembrane system was destroyed, which resulted in the dissolution of Cell membrane, karyotheca, mitochondria, and some membrane structures. The damaged mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure led to the decrease of photosynthetic capacity, and thus resulted in significant yield reduction by 45, 11, and 84 % in S1, S2, and S3 treatments, respectively, compared to that of CK.
Peng Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of waterlogging on leaf mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure and photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Baizhao Ren, Shuting Dong, Peng Liu, Jiwang Zhang, Bin ZhaoAbstract:A field experiment was performed to study the effects of waterlogging on the leaf mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure, chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of summer maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids Denghai605 (DH605) and Zhengdan958 (ZD958). The waterlogging treatments were implemented for different durations (3 and 6 days) at the third leaf stage (V3), the sixth leaf stage (V6), and the 10th day after the tasseling stage (10VT). Leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate (Pn), and actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII) were reduced after waterlogging, indicating that waterlogging significantly decreased photosynthetic capacity. The chloroplast shapes changed from long and oval to elliptical or circular after waterlogging. In addition, the internal structures of chloroplasts were degenerated after waterlogging. After waterlogging for 6 d at V3, the number of grana and grana lamellae of the third expanded leaf in DH605 were decreased by 26.83% and 55.95%, respectively, compared to the control (CK). Those in ZD958 were reduced by 30.08% and 31.94%, respectively. Waterlogging increased MDA content in both hybrids, suggesting an impact of waterlogging on membrane integrity and thus membrane deterioration. Waterlogging also damaged the biological membrane structure and mitochondria. Our results indicated that the physiological reactions to waterlogging were closely related to lower LAI, chlorophyll content, and Pn and to the destruction of chloroplast Ultrastructure. These negative effects resulted in the decrease of grain yield in response to waterlogging. Summer maize was the most susceptible to damage when waterlogging occurred at V3, followed by V6 and 10VT, with damage increasing in the wake of waterlogging duration increasing.
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Effects of shading on the photosynthetic characteristics and mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure of summer maize.
Die Naturwissenschaften, 2016Co-Authors: Baizhao Ren, Haiyan Cui, James J Camberato, Shuting Dong, Peng Liu, Bin Zhao, Jiwang ZhangAbstract:A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of shading on the photosynthetic characteristics and mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure of two summer maize hybrids Denghai605 (DH605) and Zhengdan958 (ZD958). The ambient sunlight treatment was used as control (CK) and shading treatments (40 % of ambient sunlight) were applied at different growth stages from silking (R1) to physiological maturity (R6) (S1), from the sixth leaf stage (V6) to R1 (S2), and from seeding to R6 (S3), respectively. The net photosynthetic rate (P n) was significantly decreased after shading. The greatest reduction of P n was found at S3 treatment, followed by S1 and S2 treatments. P n of S3 was decreased by 59 and 48 % for DH605, and 39 and 43 % for ZD958 at tasseling and milk-ripe stages, respectively, compared to that of CK. Additionally, leaf area index (LAI) and chlorophyll content decreased after shading. In terms of mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure, chloroplast configuration of mesophyll Cells dispersed, and part of chloroplast swelled and became circular. Meanwhile, the major characteristics of chloroplasts showed poorly developed thylakoid structure at the early growth stage, blurry lamellar structure, loose grana, and a large gap between slices and warping granum. Then, plasmolysis occurred in mesophyll Cells and the endomembrane system was destroyed, which resulted in the dissolution of Cell membrane, karyotheca, mitochondria, and some membrane structures. The damaged mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure led to the decrease of photosynthetic capacity, and thus resulted in significant yield reduction by 45, 11, and 84 % in S1, S2, and S3 treatments, respectively, compared to that of CK.
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The effect of aluminum treatments on the root growth and Cell Ultrastructure of two soybean genotypes
Crop Protection, 2011Co-Authors: Peng Liu, Zhi Y. Wang, Wen R. ChenAbstract:Abstract Since aluminum (Al) toxicity often negatively affects the growth and production of crops in acidic soil, understanding the mechanisms of plant physiological response to Al toxicity would facilitate the development of more Al-tolerant crops. The objective of this research is, therefore, using transmission electron microscope and spectrophotometer to study the physiology and Cell Ultrastructure changes of two soybean cultivars of distinctly different sensitivities to Al toxicity, Zhechun 2 (Z.2, Al-resistant) and Zhechun 3 (Z.3, Al-sensitive) after Al treatments. Using these two cultivars, we conducted a 14-day nutrient solution experiment with Al concentrations set at 0, 10, 30, 60 and 90 mg L −1 . The results demonstrated that Al inhibited the growth of soybean root systems and severely damaged root Cells. In contrast to the Al-resistant cultivar, the Al-sensitive cultivar Z.3 showed a larger plasma membrane permeability than Z.2 when treated with Al. In addition, the root elongation, activity, appearance of root tips and root hair zone were all altered by Al treatments. For example, after the 10 mg L −1 Al treatment, the number of mitochondria had proliferated significantly in the root tip Cells; plasmolysis was observed in the 30 mg L −1 Al treatment; and the Cell wall had ruptured and the Cellular contents had disappeared in the high-level Al treatments. The results of our study showed in detail how soybean roots changed physiologically in response to Al stress.
Yinghua Shu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Response of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura to lead stress: changes in sex ratio, Pb accumulations, midgut Cell Ultrastructure.
Chemosphere, 2015Co-Authors: Yinghua Shu, Jialiang Zhou, Qiang ZhouAbstract:When cutworm Spodoptera litura larvae were fed on the diets with different lead (Pb) concentrations for one or five generations, changes in growth and food utilization were recorded; Pb accumulations were detected by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer; changes in midgut Cell Ultrastructure were observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The effects of Pb stress on S. litura growth and food utilization differed significantly between insects of the 1st and 5th generation. The male-female rate of 200mgkg(-1) Pb treatment from the 1st generation and 50mgkg(-1) Pb treatment from the 5th generation was significantly higher than control. No significant difference of Pb accumulations was found in larvae, pupae and adults between the 1st and 5th generation. No significant difference of Pb accumulations in corresponding tissues of larvae was found between male and female. Compared to fat body, hemolymph, head, foregut and hindgut, the highest Pb accumulation was found in migut of larvae exposed to 200mgkg(-1) Pb. TEM showed that expanded interCellular spaces were observed in Pb-treated midgut Cells. The nuclei were strongly destroyed by Pb stress, evidenced by chromatin condensation and destroyed nuclear envelope. Mitochondria became swollen with some broken cristae after exposure to Pb. Therefore, neither gender nor progeny difference was present in Pb accumulations of S. litura, although effects of Pb stress on S. litura growth and food utilization differed from different generations and genders. Pb accumulations in midgut caused pathological changes in Cells Ultrastructure, possibly reflected the growth and food utilization of S. litura.
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Response of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura to zinc stress: Zn accumulation, metallothionein and Cell Ultrastructure of the midgut.
The Science of the total environment, 2012Co-Authors: Yinghua Shu, Guren Zhang, Jianwu WangAbstract:Abstract By exposing the common cutworm Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae to a range of Zinc (Zn) stress, we investigated the effects of dietary Zn on Zn accumulation, metallothionein (MT), and on the Ultrastructure of the midgut. The techniques we used were inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), real-time PCR combined with cadmium-hemoglobin total saturation, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. There was a significant dose–response relationship between the Zn accumulations in the midgut of the larvae and the Zn concentrations in the diet. Furthermore, both MT content and MT gene expression in the midgut were significantly induced in the 50–500 mg Zn/kg treatments, and were significantly positively correlated with the Zn accumulations in the midgut. When S . litura larvae were fed with the diet treated with 500 mg Zn/kg, Zn accumulation and MT content in the midgut was 4450.85 mg Zn/kg and 372.77 mg/kg, respectively, thereafter there was a little increase; the level of MT gene expression was maximal, thereafter there was a sharp decrease. TEM showed that numerous electron-dense granules (EDGs) and vacuoles appeared in the cytoplasm of the midgut Cells, their number and size being closely correlated with the Zn accumulations in the midgut. Moreover, the nuclei were strongly influenced by Zn stress, evidenced by chromatin condensation and irregular nuclear membranes. Therefore, after being exposed to Zn in the threshold (500 mg Zn/kg) range, S . litura larvae could accumulate Zn in the midgut, which led to the induction of MT and changes in Cell Ultrastructure (mainly the presence of EDGs). The induction of MT and precipitation of Zn in EDGs may be the effective detoxification mechanisms by which the herbivorous insect S . litura defends itself against heavy metals.