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Richard F. Spaide - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • indocyanine green angiography guided photodynamic therapy for treatment of chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy a pilot study
    Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2012
    Co-Authors: Lawrence A. Yannuzzi, Richard F. Spaide, Jason S. Slakter, James M. Klancnik, Nicole E Gross, Danielle L Costa, Sheau J Huang, Alexander Aizman
    Abstract:

    BackgroundMost patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC) have spontaneous resolution of exudative macular detachments and a good visual prognosis. Patients with CSC have a primary choroidal hyperpermeability problem evident as multifocal areas of hyperpermeability during indocyanine green

  • enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
    Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2009
    Co-Authors: Yutaka Imamura, Takamitsu Fujiwara, Ron Margolis, Richard F. Spaide
    Abstract:

    PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to evaluate the choroidal thickness in patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy, a disease attributed to increased choroidal vascular hyperpermeability. METHODS Patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy underwent enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, which was obtained by positioning a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography device close enough to the eye to acquire an inverted image. Seven sections, each comprising 100 averaged scans, were obtained within a 5 degrees x 30 degrees rectangle to encompass the macula. The subfoveal choroidal thickness was measured from the outer border of the retinal pigment epithelium to the inner scleral border. RESULTS The mean age of subjects undergoing enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was 59.3 years (standard deviation, 15.8 years). Seventeen of 19 patients (89.5%) were men, and 12 (63.2%) patients had bilateral clinical disease. The choroidal thickness measured in 28 eligible eyes of the 19 patients was 505 microm (standard deviation, 124 microm), which was significantly greater than the choroidal thickness in normal eyes (P < or = 0.001). CONCLUSION Enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated a very thick choroid in patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. This finding provides additional evidence that Central Serous Chorioretinopathy may be caused by increased hydrostatic pressure in the choroid.

  • Optical coherence tomography in unilateral resolved Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.
    Retina, 2005
    Co-Authors: Chiara M. Eandi, Juliet E. Chung, Felice Cardillo-piccolino, Richard F. Spaide
    Abstract:

    PURPOSE To evaluate the correlation between optical coherence tomographic evaluations of foveal thickness and anatomical changes within the fovea and visual acuity in patients who have unilateral resolved Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. METHODS A retrospective review of cases of unilateral resolved Central Serous Chorioretinopathy imaged with high-resolution optical coherence tomography was performed. The foveal thickness of the involved eye was normalized by dividing its thickness by that of the uninvolved fellow eye. The best-corrected visual acuity of the involved eye was normalized as well. The normalized foveal thickness was compared with the normalized visual acuity. The anatomical findings of the fovea were compared with the visual acuity. RESULTS Twenty patients were evaluated (11 men and 9 women; age range, 31-66 years [mean, 46.8 years]). The mean foveal thickness was 135.8 mum in the involved eyes and 184.4 mum in the uninvolved eyes (P < 0.001). There was a correlation between the normalized foveal thickness and the normalized visual acuity (Spearman rho, 0.67; P = 0.001). The external limiting membrane was visible in 7 (35%) of the involved eyes compared with 19 uninvolved eyes (95%) (P < 0.001). In the involved eyes, those with a visible external limiting membrane had better visual acuity than did those that did not (P = 0.001). It was possible to visualize the boundary between the photoreceptor cell bodies and the outer segments in 8 (40%) of the involved eyes and in the 17 uninvolved eyes (85%) (P < 0.001). In the involved eyes, those with a visible boundary between the photoreceptor bodies and the outer segments had a better visual acuity than did those that did not (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Patients with unilateral resolved Central Serous Chorioretinopathy had a decrease in the Central foveal thickness in the involved eyes, and there was a statistically significant correlation between the foveal thickness and the visual acuity, even in eyes with relatively good visual acuity. The inability to observe a discrete signal corresponding to the external limiting membrane layer was more common in involved eyes and was significantly associated with decreased visual acuity. This same relationship was seen with the ability to visualize the boundary between the photoreceptor bodies and the outer segments; this boundary was less commonly observed in involved eyes and was associated with decreased visual acuity. Resolved Central Serous Chorioretinopathy causes a number of morphologic changes in the fovea that are associated with visual acuity.

  • Systemic findings associated with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.
    American journal of ophthalmology, 1999
    Co-Authors: Michael Tittl, Richard F. Spaide, Doric Wong, Elisabetta Pilotto, Lawrence A. Yannuzzi, Yale L. Fisher, B Freund, David R. Guyer, Jason S. Slakter, John A. Sorenson
    Abstract:

    PURPOSE: To determine systemic factors associated with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. METHODS: In a retrospective study, 230 consecutive patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy examined in a referral setting were compared with a historical gender-matched and age-matched control group of 230 patients with ocular findings who were examined in the same referral setting. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 49.8 years, and of the control subjects, 50.0 years. The male-female ratio for both groups was 2.7:1. Patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy were more likely to use psychopharmacologic medications (odds ratio = 2.6; 95% confidence interval = 1.30 to 5.19; P = .0049) and corticosteroids (odds ratio = 3.17; 95% confidence interval = 1.30 to 7.70; P = .0067) and were more likely to have hypertension (odds ratio = 2.25; 95% confidence interval = 1.39 to 3.63; P = .0008) than were the control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified psychopharmacologic medication use, corticosteroid use, and hypertension as factors associated with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. These findings reinforce the concept that stress and adaptations to stress play a role in this disorder. The findings of possible associations between Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and both hypertension and corticosteroid usage suggest that these modifiable factors may influence morbidity of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

  • Indocyanine green videoangiography of older patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.
    Retina (Philadelphia Pa.), 1996
    Co-Authors: Richard F. Spaide, Lawrence A. Yannuzzi, Yale L. Fisher, David R. Guyer, Jason S. Slakter, John A. Sorenson, Lisa Hall, Anton Haas, Laura Campeas, Dennis A. Orlock
    Abstract:

    Purpose:The authors studied the indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography findings of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC) in older adults.Background:Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in older adults may be confused with the exudative forms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) because the two e

Francine Beharcohen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy factors influencing episode duration
    Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2017
    Co-Authors: Alejandra Daruich, Alexandre Matet, Laetitia Marchionno, Jeandominique De Azevedo, Aude Ambresin, Irmela Mantel, Francine Beharcohen
    Abstract:

    To evaluate the influence of clinical and multimodal imaging parameters on the duration of acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) episodes. Consecutive patients with first, treatment-naive Central Serous Chorioretinopathy episodes presenting within 20 days of symptoms onset were prospectively included. They were reevaluated 15 days to 20 days later, followed by monthly evaluation for 6 months. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), fluorescein leakage intensity on fluorescein angiography, elevation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) lesions at leakage sites, focal/multifocal pattern of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) at baseline, time-dependent pattern of subretinal fluid (SRF) resorption on OCT using volume segmentation, history of corticosteroid intake and mean blood pressure were evaluated using univariate (Log rank test) and multivariate (Cox proportional hazard regression) survival analysis. Thirty-one patients were included (26 men, 5 women, mean age: 40.0 ± 8.9 years, range: 24–58), of which 26 (84%) had episode resolution by 6 months. Using univariate analysis, episode duration was longer in cases with subfoveal choroidal thickness ≥500 μm (P = 0.0002), retinal pigment epithelium elevation at leakage sites ≥50 μm (P = 0.033), and a peak in subretinal fluid observed during follow-up (P = 0.013), and there was a near-significant association of intense fluorescein leakage (P = 0.074) with longer episodes. Using multivariate analysis, subfoveal choroidal thickness ≥500 μm (P = 0.017), retinal pigment epithelium elevation at leakage sites ≥50 μm (P = 0.010) and patient age ≥40 years (P = 0.010) were significantly and independently associated to longer episodes. Indocyanine green angiography pattern, corticosteroid intake, and blood pressure did not influence episode duration. Older age, higher subfoveal choroidal thickness, and higher degree of retinal pigment epithelium alteration at leakage sites are independent factors of longer acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy episodes. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

  • risk factors for recurrences of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
    Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2017
    Co-Authors: Alexandre Matet, Alejandra Daruich, Marta Zola, Francine Beharcohen
    Abstract:

    PURPOSE To describe recurrence patterns and investigate candidate risk factors for recurrences of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. METHODS In 46 patients with acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and follow-up >12 months after first episode resolution, parameters influencing recurrences were retrospectively evaluated using a frailty Cox proportional hazard survival model. Covariates included baseline systemic findings: age, gender, corticosteroid use, stress, shift work, sleep disorder, depression, allergy, cardiovascular risk; baseline optical coherence tomography findings: subfoveal choroidal thickness, pigment epithelial detachment pattern (regular/bump/irregular), number of subretinal hyperreflective foci at leakage site; baseline angiographic findings: fluorescein leakage intensity (intense/moderate/subtle/absent), hyperpermeability pattern on indocyanine-green angiography (focal/multifocal); and episode-related findings: duration and treatment of previous episode. RESULTS Twenty of 46 subjects (43%) presented ≥1 recurrences during a mean follow-up of 29.9 ± 9.5 months (range, 15-54 months). Follow-up duration did not differ between cases with or without recurrences (P = 0.3). Worse final visual acuity levels (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution) were associated with a higher number of episodes during follow-up (P = 0.032, r = 0.28). In a univariate analysis, higher subfoveal choroidal thickness (P = 0.021), nonintense fluorescein leakage (= moderate/subtle/absent, P = 0.033), multiple subretinal hyperreflective foci (P = 0.026), and shift work (P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with recurrences, with a near-significant influence of irregular pigment epithelial detachment (P = 0.093). In a multivariate analysis, higher subfoveal choroidal thickness (P = 0.007), nonintense fluorescein leakage (P = 0.003) and shift work (P < 0.0001) remained significant and independent risk factors for recurrences. CONCLUSION Multiple factors influence the risk of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy recurrence. These findings may contribute to identify patients at higher risk, who could benefit from earlier or more intensive treatment.

  • oral mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists real life experience in clinical subtypes of nonresolving Central Serous Chorioretinopathy with chronic epitheliopathy
    Translational Vision Science & Technology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Alejandra Daruich, Alexandre Matet, Ali Dirani, Mathilde Gallice, Luke Nicholson, Sobha Sivaprasad, Francine Beharcohen
    Abstract:

    Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonist (MRa) therapy in three clinical presentations of nonresolving Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) with chronic epitheliopathy.

  • mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism in the treatment of chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy a pilot study
    Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2013
    Co-Authors: Elodie Bousquet, Talal Beydoun, Min Zhao, Leila Hassan, Olivier Offret, Francine Beharcohen
    Abstract:

    PURPOSE Based on experimental data showing that Central Serous Chorioretinopathy could result from overactivation of mineralocorticoid receptor pathway in choroid vessels, the authors studied eplerenone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, as a potential treatment for chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. METHODS This nonrandomized pilot study included 13 patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy of at least 4-month duration, treated with 25 mg/day of oral eplerenone for a week followed by 50 mg/day for 1 or 3 months. The primary outcome measure was the changes in Central macular thickness recorded by optical coherence tomography, and the secondary outcomes included changes in foveal subretinal fluid (SRF) measured by OCT, in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the percentage of eyes achieving complete resolution of subretinal fluid during the treatment period. RESULTS Central macular thickness decreased significantly from 352 ± 139 μm at baseline to 246 ± 113 μm and 189 ± 99 μm at 1 and 3 months under eplerenone treatment (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). At 3 months, the subretinal fluid significantly decreased compared with baseline subretinal fluid (P < 0.01) and best-corrected visual acuity significantly improved compared with baseline best-corrected visual acuity (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Eplerenone treatment was associated with a significant reduction in Central macular thickness, subretinal fluid level, and an improvement in visual acuity. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these encouraging results.

Tomohiro Iida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • one year choroidal thickness results after photodynamic therapy for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
    Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ichiro Maruko, Tomohiro Iida, Yukinori Sugano, Minoru Furuta, Tetsuju Sekiryu
    Abstract:

    Purpose:To retrospectively evaluate choroidal thickness 1 year after photodynamic therapy in eyes with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy using optical coherence tomography.Methods:Central Serous Chorioretinopathy was diagnosed using fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography was used

  • the optical coherence tomography ophthalmoscope for examination of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy with precipitates
    Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2008
    Co-Authors: Yoko Kon, Ichiro Maruko, Tomohiro Iida, Masaaki Saito
    Abstract:

    Purpose:To report the exact location of multiple yellowish dot-like precipitates in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC) with the Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)–Ophthalmoscope (Nidek-OTI, Gamagori, Japan).Design:Retrospective, observational study.Methods:Twenty eyes of 18 patients (average age

  • evaluation of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy with optical coherence tomography
    American Journal of Ophthalmology, 2000
    Co-Authors: Tomohiro Iida, Norikazu Hagimura, Taku Sato, Shoji Kishi
    Abstract:

    Abstract PURPOSE: To evaluate Central Serous Chorioretinopathy with optical coherence tomography during the acute phase and after resolution of the acute phase. METHODS: In a prospective study, 23 consecutive eyes of 23 patients (19 men, four women; mean age ± SD, 46.0 ± 8.1 years; range, 29 to 60 years) with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy were examined with optical coherence tomography during the acute phase and after resolution of the retinal detachment. After the initial examination, the patients were reexamined for 3 to 6 months (mean, 4.7 ± 1.1 months). Cross-sectional retinal images through the center of the fovea were obtained from all eyes by optical coherence tomography. The retinal thickness at the center of the fovea was measured. The difference between the retinal thickness during the acute phase and after resolution of the retinal detachment was statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. We also examined a grayish-white lesion that corresponded to the leakage point in fluorescein angiography in four eyes. RESULTS: In the acute phase, neurosensory retina was thickened within the area of Serous retinal detachment in all 23 eyes. The detached retina was thicker than the reattached retina after resolution of the retinal detachment in all eyes. The retinal thickness at the center of the fovea during the acute phase (range, 157 to 236 μm; mean ± SD, 196.9 ± 22.6 μm) was significantly thickened compared with that after resolution (range, 105 to 152 μm; mean ± SD, 124.8 ± 10.7 μm; P CONCLUSIONS: In all eyes studied, neurosensory retina was thickened within the area of Serous retinal detachment in the acute phase of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. The grayish-white lesion seems to be a fibrinous exudate that accumulates in the subretinal space and infiltrates into the outer retina.

  • persistent and bilateral choroidal vascular abnormalities in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
    Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 1999
    Co-Authors: Tomohiro Iida, Shoji Kishi, Norikazu Hagimura, Koichi Shimizu
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND To clarify the role of choroidal vascular abnormalities in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC) in active stage, remission, and recurrence. METHODS Indocyanine green angiography and fluorescein angiography were performed in 105 eyes (104 patients) with active CSC. Forty-six patients were followed up for 6 to 48 months (mean +/- standard deviation, 22.5 +/- 8.9 months) with repeated angiography (mean +/- standard deviation, 3.5 +/- 1.5 times). Indocyanine green angiography and fluorescein angiography also were performed during remission in all 46 eyes with CSC and during recurrent CSC in 6 eyes. Unaffected fellow eyes underwent angiographic examinations in all patients. RESULTS In active CSC, indocyanine green angiography showed a choroidal filling delay (71%), venous dilation (61%), and focal choroidal hyperfluorescence (96%) surrounding leakage from the retinal pigment epithelium. Focal choroidal hyperfluorescence was present in unaffected areas of affected eyes (55%). The choroidal venous dilation (36%) and choroidal hyperfluorescence (62%) were noted even in unaffected fellow eyes. These choroidal abnormalities persisted during remission after leakage ceased throughout the follow-up period. In the six patients with recurrent CSC, new leakage developed in the areas of persistent choroidal hyperfluorescence. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy developed in the unaffected fellow eye in one of these six patients. CONCLUSION Choroidal vascular abnormalities persist in both eyes even after leakage from the retinal pigment epithelium ceases. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy may recur in areas of choroidal vascular abnormalities.

Mitsuko Yuzawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • choroidal thickness measurement by enhanced depth imaging and swept source optical coherence tomography in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
    BMC Ophthalmology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ferdiriva Hamzah, Ari Shinojima, Ryusaburo Mori, Mitsuko Yuzawa
    Abstract:

    Background We evaluated subfoveal choroidal thickness measured with two different forms of optical coherence tomography (OCT), enhanced-depth imaging (EDI) and swept-source (SS) OCT, in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC).

  • quantification of metamorphopsia in chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy after half dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy
    Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2014
    Co-Authors: Kyoko Fujita, Yutaka Imamura, Kei Shinoda, Celso Soiti Matsumoto, Yoshihiro Mizutani, Atsushi Mizota, Mitsuko Yuzawa
    Abstract:

    Purpose: To determine the degree of metamorphopsia before and 1 year after half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy in eyes with chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Methods: This was a retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. Forty-five eyes of 45 consecutive patients with chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy were evaluated. The degree of metamorphopsia was measured with M-CHARTS before and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy. The best-corrected visual acuity was also measured. Results: Forty of the 45 eyes had a complete resolution of the Serous retinal detachment at 1 month, 1 eye at 3 months, and 3 eyes at 6 months. The Serous retinal detachment in one eye persisted throughout the follow-up period. The mean horizontal metamorphopsia score improved significantly from 0.61 ± 0.52° at baseline to 0.49 ± 0.56° at 12 months (P = 0.04). The vertical metamorphopsia score improved significantly from 0.52 ± 0.53° at baseline to 0.33 ± 0.46° at 12 months (P = 0.005). Conclusion: Half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy for chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy results in significant improvements of metamorphopsia at 1 year, especially in eyes with good best-corrected visual acuity at the baseline. Half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy can be a therapeutic option for patients with good visual acuity who complain of metamorphopsia.

Lawrence A. Yannuzzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Central Serous Chorioretinopathy treated with mineralocorticoid antagonists a one year pilot study
    Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2016
    Co-Authors: Quraish Ghadiali, Jesse J Jung, Samir N Patel, Lawrence A. Yannuzzi
    Abstract:

    Purpose:To assess the treatment response to mineralocorticoid antagonists in a pilot study of patients diagnosed with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy using multimodal imaging.Methods:This retrospective observational case series included 23 eyes of 14 patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy t

  • indocyanine green angiography guided photodynamic therapy for treatment of chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy a pilot study
    Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2012
    Co-Authors: Lawrence A. Yannuzzi, Richard F. Spaide, Jason S. Slakter, James M. Klancnik, Nicole E Gross, Danielle L Costa, Sheau J Huang, Alexander Aizman
    Abstract:

    BackgroundMost patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC) have spontaneous resolution of exudative macular detachments and a good visual prognosis. Patients with CSC have a primary choroidal hyperpermeability problem evident as multifocal areas of hyperpermeability during indocyanine green

  • acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and fundus autofluorescence
    Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, 2005
    Co-Authors: Chiara M. Eandi, Michael D Ober, Reza Iranmanesh, Enrico Peiretti, Lawrence A. Yannuzzi
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVES To describe fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in a series of patients with acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS Nine eyes of six patients with acute CSC were evaluated with fluorescein angiography (FA) and FAF imaging to evaluate the nature of the focal retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) leak evident with FA. RESULTS All nine eyes in this series demonstrated hypo-autofluorescence corresponding precisely to the site of the focal RPE leak seen on FA. CONCLUSIONS In this group of patients, the acute focal RPE leaks seen with FA corresponded precisely to an area of hypo-autofluorescence imaged with FAF. This observation supports the concept that a mechanical defect or absence of the RPE accounts for the leakage from the inner choroid to the sub-neurosensory space in CSC. FAF is also a useful noninvasive diagnostic adjunct to identify the focal RPE leak in patients with acute CSC.

  • Systemic findings associated with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.
    American journal of ophthalmology, 1999
    Co-Authors: Michael Tittl, Richard F. Spaide, Doric Wong, Elisabetta Pilotto, Lawrence A. Yannuzzi, Yale L. Fisher, B Freund, David R. Guyer, Jason S. Slakter, John A. Sorenson
    Abstract:

    PURPOSE: To determine systemic factors associated with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. METHODS: In a retrospective study, 230 consecutive patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy examined in a referral setting were compared with a historical gender-matched and age-matched control group of 230 patients with ocular findings who were examined in the same referral setting. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 49.8 years, and of the control subjects, 50.0 years. The male-female ratio for both groups was 2.7:1. Patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy were more likely to use psychopharmacologic medications (odds ratio = 2.6; 95% confidence interval = 1.30 to 5.19; P = .0049) and corticosteroids (odds ratio = 3.17; 95% confidence interval = 1.30 to 7.70; P = .0067) and were more likely to have hypertension (odds ratio = 2.25; 95% confidence interval = 1.39 to 3.63; P = .0008) than were the control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified psychopharmacologic medication use, corticosteroid use, and hypertension as factors associated with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. These findings reinforce the concept that stress and adaptations to stress play a role in this disorder. The findings of possible associations between Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and both hypertension and corticosteroid usage suggest that these modifiable factors may influence morbidity of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

  • Indocyanine green videoangiography of older patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.
    Retina (Philadelphia Pa.), 1996
    Co-Authors: Richard F. Spaide, Lawrence A. Yannuzzi, Yale L. Fisher, David R. Guyer, Jason S. Slakter, John A. Sorenson, Lisa Hall, Anton Haas, Laura Campeas, Dennis A. Orlock
    Abstract:

    Purpose:The authors studied the indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography findings of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC) in older adults.Background:Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in older adults may be confused with the exudative forms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) because the two e