The Experts below are selected from a list of 202365 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Vallerie Ann Samson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mother-plant-mediated pumping of zinc into the developing seed
Nature Plants, 2016Co-Authors: Lene Irene Olsen,, Thomas H. Hansen, Camille Larue, Jeppe Thulin Osterberg, Robert D. Hoffmann, Johannes Liesche, Ute Krämer, Suzy Surblé, Stéphanie Cadarsi, Vallerie Ann SamsonAbstract:Insufficient intake of zinc and iron from a Cereal-Based Diet is one of the causes of ‘hidden hunger’ (micronutrient deficiency), which affects some two billion people1,2. Identifying a limiting factor in the molecular mechanism of zinc loading into seeds is an important step towards determining the genetic basis for variation of grain micronutrient content and developing breeding strategies to improve this trait3. Nutrients are translocated to developing seeds at a rate that is regulated by transport processes in source leaves, in the phloem vascular pathway, and at seed sinks. Nutrients are released from a symplasmic maternal seed domain into the seed apoplasm surrounding the endosperm and embryo by poorly understood membrane transport processes4,5,6. Plants are unique among eukaryotes in having specific P1B-ATPase pumps for the cellular export of zinc7. In Arabidopsis, we show that two zinc transporting P1B-ATPases actively export zinc from the mother plant to the filial tissues. Mutant plants that lack both zinc pumps accumulate zinc in the seed coat and consequently have vastly reduced amounts of zinc inside the seed. Blockage of zinc transport was observed at both high and low external zinc supplies. The phenotype was determined by the mother plant and is thus due to a lack of zinc pump activity in the seed coat and not in the filial tissues. The finding that P1B-ATPases are one of the limiting factors controlling the amount of zinc inside a seed is an important step towards combating nutritional zinc deficiency worldwide.
Malcolm F. Fuller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessment of fermentation in growing pigs given unmolassed sugar-beet pulp: a stoichiometric approach
The British journal of nutrition, 1993Co-Authors: J. Q. Zhu, V. R. Fowler, Malcolm F. FullerAbstract:In four experiments growing pigs were given a Cereal-Based Diet alone or supplemented with unmolassed sugar-beet pulp (SBP), used as a model substrate for fermentation. The rates of production of methane and gaseous hydrogen were measured and, together with the molar proportions of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the digesta, used in stoichiometric calculations of fermentation. The resulting estimates were only one-sixth of the observed extent of digestion of SBP. Bacteriostatic levels of antibiotics reduced fermentation by more than half, as judged from the digestion of non-starch polysaccharides: allowing for the incomplete suppression of fermentation it was estimated that the production of methane and VFA could account completely for the digested SBP. The potential contribution of various routes of hydrogen disposal to the error of the stoichiometric calculations is discussed.
Toshihiro Yamagishi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Change of fatty acid composition of white adipose tissue with increasing age in Syrian hamster fed alfalfa or cereal based Diet
Animal Science Journal, 2004Co-Authors: Yoshihito Suda, Hisashi Shinohara, Toshiyasu Yamaguchi, Toshiaki Matsuda, Kazuki Nakagawa, Yukiko Ohtomo, Akira Nishida, Toshihiro YamagishiAbstract:The present study's aim was to investigate change of fatty acid composition of white adipose tissue with increasing age in Syrian hamster fed continuously alfalfa (LU) or cereal based Diet (F2). A total of 43 Syrian hamsters with male and female, 22 head maintained with mating between sibling in a close herd fed F2 (GN) and 21 head selected for long-term for large number of weaning pups per a mater using GN fed LU (ALF), were used. Fatty acid composition in adipose tissues taken from the back leg subcutaneous depot, periphery of kidney and reproductive organs at 3, 8 and 13 weeks of age were determined by using a gas chromatograph. Carbon (C)18:0 in GN tended to decrease and C18:1 increased significantly with increasing age, suggesting that Δ9-desaturase had related adaptively. C18:3 in ALF increased significantly with increasing age. The present results indicate that, although the composition in unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) in both herds was different, the ratio of USFA to saturated fatty acid increased with increasing age suggesting that USFA in GN fed F2 was at a high level compared with in ALF fed LU.
Jan Erik Lindberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fecal microbiome of growing pigs fed a cereal based Diet including chicory ( Cichorium intybus L.) or ribwort ( Plantago lanceolata L.) forage
Journal of animal science and biotechnology, 2015Co-Authors: Johan Dicksved, Janet K. Jansson, Jan Erik LindbergAbstract:The purpose of this study was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a Cereal-Based Diet influenced the fecal microbial community (microbiome) in newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets. The piglets were fed a Cereal-Based Diet without (B) and with inclusion (80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage) of vegetative shoots of chicory (C) and leaves of ribwort (R) forage in a 35-day growth trial. Fecal samples were collected at the start (D0), 17 (D17) and 35 (D35) days after weaning and profiles of the microbial consortia were generated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). 454-FLX pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to analyze the microbial composition in a subset of the samples already analyzed with T-RFLP. The microbial clustering pattern was primarily dependent on age of the pigs, but Diet effects could also be observed. Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. Pigs fed ribwort had an increased abundance of sequences classified as Treponema and a reduction in lactobacilli. However, the abundance of Prevotellaceae increased with age in on both the chicory and the ribwort Diet. Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose. This study demonstrated that both chicory and ribwort inclusion in the Diet of newly weaned pigs influenced the composition of the fecal microbiota and that digestion of specific Dietary components was correlated with species composition of the microbiota. Moreover, this study showed that the gut will be exposed to a dramatic shift in the microbial community structure several weeks after weaning.
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Impact of chicory inclusion in a Cereal-Based Diet on digestibility, organ size and faecal microbiota in growing pigs.
Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience, 2012Co-Authors: E. Ivarsson, Johan Dicksved, Haoyu Liu, Stefan Roos, Jan Erik LindbergAbstract:Abstract A total of 30 7-week-old pigs were used to evaluate the effects of chicory inclusion on digestibility, digestive organ size and faecal microbiota. Five Diets were formulated: a Cereal-Based control Diet and four Diets with inclusion of 80 and 160 g/kg chicory forage (CF80 and CF160), 80 g/kg chicory root (CR80) and a mix of 80 g/kg forage and 80 g/kg chicory root (CFR). Generally, the pigs showed a high growth rate and feed intake, and no differences between the different Diets were observed. The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of energy, organic matter and CP did not differ between the control and CF80, whereas they were impaired in Diet CF160. The CTTAD of non-starch polysaccharides and especially the uronic acids were higher (P < 0.05) with chicory inclusion, with highest (P < 0.05) values for Diet CF160. Coliform counts were lower and lactobacilli : coliform ratio was higher (P < 0.05) in Diet CFR than in the control. Global microbial composition was investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with cloning and sequencing. Analysis of gut microbiota pattern revealed two major clusters where Diet CF160 differed from the control and CR80 Diet. Chicory forage Diets were correlated with an increased relative abundance of one species related to Prevotella and decreased abundance of two other species related to Prevotella. For Diet CFR, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus johnsonii was higher than in the other Diets. This study shows that both chicory forage and root can be used as fibre sources in pig nutrition and that they modulate the composition of the gut microbiota differently.
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Growth performance, digestibility and faecal coliform bacteria in weaned piglets fed a Cereal-Based Diet including either chicory (Cichorium intybus L) or ribwort (Plantago lanceolata L) forage.
Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience, 2010Co-Authors: E. Ivarsson, B. E. Frankow-lindberg, H. K. Andersson, Jan Erik LindbergAbstract:Twenty-five weaned 35-day-old piglets were used in a 35-day growth experiment to evaluate the effect of inclusion of chicory and ribwort forage in a Cereal-Based Diet on growth performance, feed intake, digestibility and shedding of faecal coliform bacteria. A total of seven experimental Diets were formulated, a Cereal-Based basal Diet (B), and six Diets with inclusion of 40, 80 and 160 g/kg chicory (C40, C80 and C160) or ribwort (R40, R80 and R160). Piglets had ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the experiment. Three and five weeks post-weaning faeces samples for determination of digestibility were collected once a day for five subsequent days. Additional faeces samples for determination of coliform counts were collected at days 1, 16 and 35 post-weaning. Piglets fed Diet R160 had the lowest average daily feed intake (DFI) and daily weight gain (DWG), and differed (P < 0.05) from piglets fed Diets B, R40 and R80. There were no differences in DFI and DWG between the chicory Diets and Diet B. Inclusion of chicory or ribwort had a minor negative impact on the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein, whereas inclusion of both chicory and ribwort resulted in higher CTTAD of non-starch polysaccharides and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). The CTTAD of arabinose were higher for Diets C160 and R160 than for Diet B (P < 0.05), and the CTTAD of uronic acid was higher for Diets C40, C80, C160, R80 and R160 than for Diet B (P < 0.05). Age affected the CTTAD for all parameters (P < 0.05) except for NDF, with higher values at 5 than at 3 weeks post-weaning. The coliform counts decreased with increasing age (P < 0.05), but was not affected by treatment. The results indicate that inclusion of up to 160 g/kg of chicory do not negatively affect performance, whereas high inclusion of ribwort have a negative impact on feed consumption and consequently on growth rate. Both herbs have a higher digestibility of fibre compared to cereal fibre. Chicory and ribwort are both promising as feedstuffs to weaned piglets, but the low palatability of ribwort limits the inclusion level.
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Effect of inclusion level of chicory (Cichorium intybus L) and ribwort (Plantago lanceolata L) forage in a Cereal-Based Diet on Dietary fibre digestibility in weaned piglets of different age
Livestock Science, 2010Co-Authors: E. Ivarsson, B. E. Frankow-lindberg, K. Andersson, Jan Erik LindbergAbstract:Abstract Twenty-five weaned (35 days old) castrated male piglets from five different litters were used to evaluate the effect of chicory (C) and ribwort (R) forage inclusion in a Cereal-Based Diet on the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of organic matter (OM) and the Dietary fibre fraction at 3 and 5 weeks post-weaning. Inclusion of chicory and ribwort had a negative impact on the CTTAD of OM (P 0.05) on the CTTAD of NDF and total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). In contrast, the CTTAD of uronic acid increased (P
Lene Irene Olsen, - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mother-plant-mediated pumping of zinc into the developing seed
Nature Plants, 2016Co-Authors: Lene Irene Olsen,, Thomas H. Hansen, Camille Larue, Jeppe Thulin Osterberg, Robert D. Hoffmann, Johannes Liesche, Ute Krämer, Suzy Surblé, Stéphanie Cadarsi, Vallerie Ann SamsonAbstract:Insufficient intake of zinc and iron from a Cereal-Based Diet is one of the causes of ‘hidden hunger’ (micronutrient deficiency), which affects some two billion people1,2. Identifying a limiting factor in the molecular mechanism of zinc loading into seeds is an important step towards determining the genetic basis for variation of grain micronutrient content and developing breeding strategies to improve this trait3. Nutrients are translocated to developing seeds at a rate that is regulated by transport processes in source leaves, in the phloem vascular pathway, and at seed sinks. Nutrients are released from a symplasmic maternal seed domain into the seed apoplasm surrounding the endosperm and embryo by poorly understood membrane transport processes4,5,6. Plants are unique among eukaryotes in having specific P1B-ATPase pumps for the cellular export of zinc7. In Arabidopsis, we show that two zinc transporting P1B-ATPases actively export zinc from the mother plant to the filial tissues. Mutant plants that lack both zinc pumps accumulate zinc in the seed coat and consequently have vastly reduced amounts of zinc inside the seed. Blockage of zinc transport was observed at both high and low external zinc supplies. The phenotype was determined by the mother plant and is thus due to a lack of zinc pump activity in the seed coat and not in the filial tissues. The finding that P1B-ATPases are one of the limiting factors controlling the amount of zinc inside a seed is an important step towards combating nutritional zinc deficiency worldwide.