The Experts below are selected from a list of 243 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Herbert E. Lowndes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Constitutive and inducible levels of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in rat Cerebral Cortex and cerebellum
Archives of Toxicology, 2003Co-Authors: Amijoy Storch, Anima Ghosal, Kenneth R. Reuhl, Susan Bennett, Herbert E. LowndesAbstract:We examined the constitutive and inducible levels of microsomal cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1A2 (CYP1A) in rat Cerebral Cortex and cerebellum at the level of proteins by western blot analysis, and by catalytic activities via ethoxyresorufin O -deethylase (EROD) and methoxyresorufin O -demethylase (MROD). In the Cerebral Cortex, cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) protein was more abundant than cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) protein. Treatment with β-naphthoflavone (β-NF) caused a slight decrease in the level of the former but induced the latter 5.8-fold. In the cerebellum, in contrast to the Cerebral Cortex, CYP1A1 protein was less abundant than CYP1A2 protein in untreated rats, and while β-NF treatment caused a 3.3-fold induction of CYP1A1 protein, it resulted in a 10-fold decrease in CYP1A2 protein. The CYP1A-preferential activity EROD was 2.3-fold higher in the cerebellum than in the Cerebral Cortex, and was induced 1.5-fold and 1.9-fold in the cerebellum and Cerebral Cortex, respectively, by β-NF treatment. The CYP1A2-preferential activity MROD was 3-fold higher in the cerebellum than in the Cerebral Cortex, and was repressed 2.2-fold in the cerebellum but induced 3.7-fold in the Cerebral Cortex following β-NF treatment. The results show that CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 proteins and catalytic activities are constitutively expressed in brain but are differentially inducible in the rat Cerebral Cortex and cerebellum.
Amijoy Storch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Constitutive and inducible levels of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in rat Cerebral Cortex and cerebellum
Archives of Toxicology, 2003Co-Authors: Amijoy Storch, Anima Ghosal, Kenneth R. Reuhl, Susan Bennett, Herbert E. LowndesAbstract:We examined the constitutive and inducible levels of microsomal cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1A2 (CYP1A) in rat Cerebral Cortex and cerebellum at the level of proteins by western blot analysis, and by catalytic activities via ethoxyresorufin O -deethylase (EROD) and methoxyresorufin O -demethylase (MROD). In the Cerebral Cortex, cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) protein was more abundant than cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) protein. Treatment with β-naphthoflavone (β-NF) caused a slight decrease in the level of the former but induced the latter 5.8-fold. In the cerebellum, in contrast to the Cerebral Cortex, CYP1A1 protein was less abundant than CYP1A2 protein in untreated rats, and while β-NF treatment caused a 3.3-fold induction of CYP1A1 protein, it resulted in a 10-fold decrease in CYP1A2 protein. The CYP1A-preferential activity EROD was 2.3-fold higher in the cerebellum than in the Cerebral Cortex, and was induced 1.5-fold and 1.9-fold in the cerebellum and Cerebral Cortex, respectively, by β-NF treatment. The CYP1A2-preferential activity MROD was 3-fold higher in the cerebellum than in the Cerebral Cortex, and was repressed 2.2-fold in the cerebellum but induced 3.7-fold in the Cerebral Cortex following β-NF treatment. The results show that CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 proteins and catalytic activities are constitutively expressed in brain but are differentially inducible in the rat Cerebral Cortex and cerebellum.
Elizabeth A. Grove - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Patterning the mammalian Cerebral Cortex.
Current opinion in neurobiology, 2001Co-Authors: Clifton W. Ragsdale, Elizabeth A. GroveAbstract:Abstract When and how is the area map of the Cerebral Cortex set up during development? Recent studies indicate that regional pattern emerges early in cortical neurogenesis, and that this pattern does not require cues from extrinsic innervation. Studies of mutant mice indicate a role for embryonic signaling centers and for specific transcription factors in regionalizing the Cortex. Thus, it is increasingly probable that the Cortex is partitioned using the same types of mechanisms — and in some cases, the same gene families — that are used in patterning other parts of the embryo. This emerging model is likely to be the basis for many future studies. However, new evidence also confirms the special nature of the Cerebral Cortex, in that cues from developing connections appear to modify and refine the final area map.
Jin Mao-qiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Study on the neuronal apoptosis in the Cerebral Cortex after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats
Journal of Xinjiang Medical University, 2008Co-Authors: Jin Mao-qiangAbstract:Objective:To study expressions of Caspase-3 and Fas in apoptotic neuron of the Cerebral Cortex after subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) and their relationships. Methods: SAH model was used by injecting arterial blood twice into the cisterna magna. The morphological changes of the neurons in the Cerebral Cortex were studied. Caspase-3 and Fas were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: The numbers of apoptotic neurons in the Cerebral Cortex 2 hours after SAH started to increase, from 3 days to 7 days after SAH typical apoptotic features were shown. The expressions of Caspase-3 and Fas in the Cerebral Cortex augmented in SAH group, reached the highest level 3 days after SAH and still were significantly higher in 7 days after SAH compared with normal group. Conclusion: Caspase-3 and Fas play a role in the process of apoptosis of neurons in the Cerebral Cortex. Caspase-3 is one of the most important factors in the process of apoptosis of neurons in the Cerebral Cortex.
Laurent Nguyen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cell migration promotes dynamic cellular interactions to control Cerebral Cortex morphogenesis
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2019Co-Authors: Carla G. Silva, Elise Peyre, Laurent NguyenAbstract:The Cerebral Cortex is an evolutionarily advanced brain structure that computes higher motor, sensory and cognitive functions. Its complex organization reflects the exquisite cell migration and differentiation patterns that take place during embryogenesis. Recent evidence supports an essential role for cell migration in shaping the developing Cerebral Cortex via direct cellular contacts and spatially organized diffusible cues that regulate the establishment of its cytoarchitecture and function. Identifying the nature of the crosstalk between cell populations at play during brain development is key to understanding how Cerebral cortical morphogenesis proceeds in health and disease. The Cerebral Cortex is made of cells originating in distinct brain regions. In this Review, Silva and colleagues discuss the dual role played by cell migration to bring cells in and to provide crosstalk that shapes cortical morphogenesis.
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Cerebral Cortex development: an outside‐in perspective
FEBS letters, 2017Co-Authors: Gulistan Agirman, Loic Broix, Laurent NguyenAbstract:The Cerebral Cortex is a complex structure that contains different classes of neurons distributed within six layers and regionally organized into highly specialized areas. Cortical layering arises during embryonic development in an inside-out manner as forebrain progenitors proliferate and generate distinct waves of interneurons and projection neurons. Radial glial cells (RGCs) derive from neuroepithelial cells and are the founding cortical progenitors. At the onset of corticogenesis, RGCs expand their pool by proliferative divisions. As corticogenesis proceeds, they gradually undergo differentiative divisions to either generate neurons directly (direct neurogenesis) or indirectly via production of intermediate progenitors that further divide to generate pairs of neurons (indirect neurogenesis). The fate of RGCs is finely regulated during all the corticogenesis process and depends on time-scaled perception of external signals and expression of intrinsic factors. The present Review focuses on the role of physiological extracellular cues arising from the vicinity of neural progenitors on the regulation of dorsal neurogenesis and Cerebral Cortex patterning. It further discusses how pathogenic viral factors influence RGC behaviour and disrupt Cerebral Cortex development.