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Marco Antônio Batalha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Trait diversity on the phylogeny of Cerrado woody species
Oikos, 2011Co-Authors: Marco Antônio Batalha, Igor Aurélio Silva, Marcus Vinicius Cianciaruso, Gustavo Henrique De CarvalhoAbstract:During the Neogene, the Brazilian Cerrado became established as a large-scale vegetation type. Cerrado lineages started to diversify less than 10 million years ago, coinciding with the rise to dominance of fl ammable C 4 grasses and the expansion of the savanna biome. Cerrado lineages are strongly associated with adaptations to fi re and have sister groups in fi re-free nearby forests, implying that the Cerrado formed in situ via adaptive shifts to resist fi re. By including phylogeny into the analysis of biological traits, we investigated trait diversity of Cerrado woody species in a phylogenetic context, sampling a Cerrado site in central Brazil. Decomposing trait diversity along the nodes of a phylogenetic tree of Cerrado woody species, we found that the rate of trait diversifi cation was higher in the past, coinciding with the major species diversifi cation of angiosperms in mid-Cretaceous, long before the Cerrado originated. Some more recent adaptive shifts to resist fi re, however, must have occurred during the origin and expansion of the Cerrado woody fl ora. Analysing values of each trait separately at the tips of the phylogenetic tree, we found that most trait values were randomly distributed, probably because we analysed only species that had already been fi ltered by drought, fi re, and soil. Analysing values of all traits simultaneously at the tips, we found close to root events and broad, macro-evolutionary patterns, called ‘ global structures ’ , opposing some lineages, especially Fabaceae and Myrtaceae, with diff erent ecological strategies. Fabaceae presented compound, large, tender leaves, with high nitrogen content due to symbiosis with nitrogen-fi xing bacteria, and Myrtaceae presented simple, small, tough leaves, with low nitrogen and high potassium content. We also found relatively recent events that induced divergence of the evolutionary strategies close to the tips, called ‘ local structures ’ , involving more recent changes in most lineages.
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Consequences of simulated loss of open Cerrado areas to bird functional diversity
Natureza & Conservacao, 2010Co-Authors: Marco Antônio Batalha, Marcus Vinicius Cianciaruso, José Carlos Motta-juniorAbstract:Over the past 35 years, more than two thirds of the Cerrado's original expanse has been taken by agriculture. Even if some attempts have been made to conserve closed Cerrado physiognomies, open Cerrado physiognomies, richer in species and more fragile, have been systematically ignored. These open physiognomies are used by almost half of the Cerrado bird species, many of which being endemics. Using data from 11 surveys carried out in Cerrado landscapes, we asked what would happen to bird functional diversity if open Cerrado species became extinct. Open Cerrado birds would be able to keep on average 59% of the functional diversity. If they became extinct, on average 27% of the functional diversity would be lost. In this case, the remaining functional diversity would be lower than what would be expected by chance in five sites. Although many functions were shared by both open Cerrado and forest species, there was some degree of complementarity between them, highlighted by the decrease in functional diversity when the former became extinct. Destruction of open Cerrado physiognomies would lead to a habitat simplification, decrease in bird functional diversity, and, ultimately, to a considerable impact on community functioning. Thus, open Cerrado physiognomies must receive much more conservation attention than they are currently receiving, because they maintain a high bird functional diversity that would otherwise be considerably diminished were open Cerrado species to become extinct.
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Short-term community dynamics in seasonal and hyperseasonal Cerrados
Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia, 2009Co-Authors: Marcus Vinicius Cianciaruso, Marco Antônio BatalhaAbstract:Na America do Sul, a maior regiao de savana e o Cerrado brasileiro. Estudamos as mudancas na composicao floristica, riqueza, densidade de especies, densidade de plantas e volume cilindrico em um Cerrado estacional comparando-o com um Cerrado hiperestacional adjacente. Em quatro estacoes do ano, sorteamos dez parcelas de 1 m2 em cada formacao vegetal, nas quais amostramos todas as plantas vasculares. Mudancas estacionais na composicao floristica, densidade de especies e densidade de plantas foram menos pronunciadas no Cerrado estacional. A similaridade entre os Cerrados foi menor quando o Cerrado hiperestacional estava alagado. A riqueza e a densidade de especies foram maiores no Cerrado estacional, que atingiu o pico de biomassa no meio da estacao chuvosa. O Cerrado hiperestacional, por sua vez, atingiu o pico de biomassa no comeco da estacao chuvosa e, apesar do alagamento, o manteve ate o final da estacao chuvosa. No Cerrado hiperestacional, o alagamento atua como um filtro ambiental restringindo o numero de especies de Cerrado capazes de tolera-lo. A comunidade do Cerrado estacional foi mais estavel que a do Cerrado hiperestacional. Nossos resultados corroboraram a ideia de que mudancas de curto prazo nos filtros ambientais das savanas afetam a sua composicao floristica e estrutura.
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Species convergence into life-forms in a hyperseasonal Cerrado in central Brazil
Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia, 2008Co-Authors: Igor Aurélio Silva, Marco Antônio BatalhaAbstract:Whether the functional structure of ecological communities is deterministic or historically contingent is still quite controversial. However, recent experimental tests did not find effects of species composition variation on trait convergence and therefore the environmental constraints should play the major role on community convergence into functional groups. Seasonal Cerrados are characterized by a sharp seasonality, in which the water shortage defines the community functioning. Hyperseasonal Cerrados experience additionally waterlogging in the rainy season. Here, we asked whether waterlogging modifies species convergences into life-forms in a hyperseasonal Cerrado. We studied a hyperseasonal Cerrado, comparing it with a nearby seasonal Cerrado, never waterlogged, in Emas National Park, central Brazil. In each area, we sampled all vascular plants by placing 40 plots of 1 m2 plots in four surveys. We analyzed the species convergences into life-forms in both Cerrados using the Raunkiaer's life-form spectrum and the index of divergence from species to life-form diversity (IDD). The overall life-form spectra and IDDs were not different, indicating that waterlogging did not affect the composition of functional groups in the hyperseasonal Cerrado. However, there was a seasonal variation in IDD values only in the hyperseasonal Cerrado. As long as we did not find a seasonal variation in life-form diversity, the seasonal variation of convergence into life-forms in the hyperseasonal Cerrado was a consequence of the seasonal variation of species diversity. Because of high functional redundancy of Cerrado plants, waterlogging promoted a floristic replacement without major changes in functional groups. Thus, waterlogging in the hyperseasonal Cerrado promoted seasonal changes in species convergence into life-forms by reducing species diversity.
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A year in a Cerrado wet grassland: a non-seasonal island in a seasonal savanna environment.
Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia, 2008Co-Authors: Marcus Vinicius Cianciaruso, Marco Antônio BatalhaAbstract:In some Cerrado regions where the water table is superficial and soils are hydromorphic, we may find wet grasslands. We studied temporal changes in some community descriptors, such as species density, plant density, basal area, and cylindrical volume in a Cerrado wet grassland in four different seasons of the year. We also compared the species richness and composition of the wet grassland with a hyperseasonal Cerrado, and a seasonal Cerrado. We found significant differences among the seasons only for species density. Chao-Sorensen similarity values varied from 0.86 to 0.99 and, in the wet grassland, were not different among the seasons. On the contrary, similarity values between the wet grassland and hyperseasonal and seasonal Cerrados were low. Species richness was lower in the wet grassland and higher in the seasonal Cerrado. As long as savannas are highly dynamic on all temporal and spatial scales, the wet grassland stability, at least in a short-term view, introduces an important heterogeneity in regional scale. Wet grasslands are also important in the Cerrado domain to increase b-diversity, since they are floristically dissimilar with Cerrado vegetation.
Marcio Martins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ANURAN SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS IN BRAZILIAN Cerrado, A NEOTROPICAL HOTSPOT
South American Journal of Herpetology, 2012Co-Authors: Paula Hanna Valdujo, Débora Silvano, Guarino R. Colli, Marcio MartinsAbstract:ABSTRACT. Species distribution patterns result from the combination of multiple factors acting over different spatial and temporal scales. We analyze the distribution patterns of anuran amphibians within the Cerrado domain of South America in a historical framework. First, we provide an updated list of species based on extensive research in zoological collections and fieldwork. We then explore patterns of endemism and the distribution of species occurring both in Cerrado and each of the adjoining domains, providing directions for future hypotheses tests. We found 209 anuran species occurring in localities within Cerrado. Among them, 150 are primarily associated with Cerrado, and 59 are typical of one of the Cerrado adjoining domains. Widespread species account for only 14% of the Cerrado typical species. Species occurring in Cerrado and one adjoining domain present a highly structured spatial pattern in which Amazonian species are restricted to the northwestern Cerrado, Atlantic species to the southeaster...
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composicao e historia natural das serpentes de Cerrado de itirapina sao paulo sudeste do brasil
Biota Neotropica, 2008Co-Authors: Ricardo J Sawaya, Otavio A V Marques, Marcio MartinsAbstract:As taxocenoses de serpentes neotropicais apresenta m alta riqueza de especies e estruturas complexas. O Cerrado e o segundo maior bioma do Brasil e foi incluido entre os 25 hotspots globais de biodiversidade. No sudeste do Brasil, as areas remanescentes de Cerrado tem sofrido intensa destruicao, e atualmente restam menos de 2% da vegetacao natural de Cerrado no estado de Sao Paulo. Praticamente nenhum estudo detalhado sobre serpentes do Cerrado foi realizado nesta regiao. A regiao de Itirapina apresenta um dos ultimos remanescentes bem preservados de Cerrado aberto no estado de Sao Paulo. Nosso objetivo neste trabalho foi o estudo da historia natural e composicao das serpentes de Cerrado da regiao de Itirapina. Nos realizamos uma amostragem de campo extensiva combinando seis metodos de amostragem na Estacao Ecologica de Itirapina e areas alteradas de Cerrado nas proximidades (municipios de Itirapina e Brotas), em 101 viagens durante 43 meses, entre setembro de 1998 e marco de 2002, o que correspondeu a 446 dias de amostragem de campo. Tambem coletamos dados adicionais a partir de especimes de colecoes cientificas. Apresentamos dados sobre tamanho, abundância geral, uso do ambiente e substrato, atividade diaria e sazonal, dieta, reproducao e defesa. Tambem comparamos a taxocenose de serpentes de Itirapina com nove taxocenoses de serpentes do Brasil, incluindo a Amazonia, Mata Atlântica, Cerrado e outras formacoes abertas. Registramos na regiao de Itirapina 36 especies de serpentes entre 755 individuos encontrados no campo e seis registros de colecoes cientificas e literatura, pertencentes a 25 generos de cinco familias. As comparacoes entre taxocenoses indicam que o Cerrado apresenta uma identidade propria em relacao a composicao de especies de serpentes. Apesar de limitada a um pequeno fragmento (cerca de 2.300 ha), a Estacao Ecologica de Itirapina apresenta fisionomias conservadas e representativas de Cerrado, que abrigam uma fauna de serpentes rica e tipica do Cerrado. A ocorrencia de algumas especies apenas no interior da reserva tambem indica que a Estacao Ecologica de Itirapina e de importância fundamental para a manutencao da biodiversidade do Cerrado.
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composition and natural history of a Cerrado snake assemblage at itirapina sao paulo state southeastern brazil
Biota Neotropica, 2008Co-Authors: Ricardo J Sawaya, Otavio A V Marques, Marcio MartinsAbstract:Neotropical snake assemblages present high species richness and complex structures. The Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil, and was included among the 25 World's biodiversity hotspots. In southeastern Brazil, the remnant Cerrado areas have suffered intense destruction, and presently less than 2% of Cerrado natural vegetation remain in Sao Paulo state. Virtually no detailed study on Cerrado snakes was carried out in this region. The Itirapina region has one of the last well preserved remnants of open Cerrado in Sao Paulo state. Our purpose in this work was the study of natural history and composition of the Cerrado snakes of Itirapina region. We performed an extensive field sampling combining six sampling methods in Estacao Ecologica de Itirapina and disturbed Cerrado areas in its surroundings (municipalities of Itirapina and Brotas), during 101 trips throughout 43 months, between September 1998 and March 2002, corresponding to 446 days of field sampling. We also collected additional data from museum specimens housed in scientific collections. We present data on size, general abundance, habitat and macrohabitat use, daily and seasonal activity, feeding, reproduction, and defense. We also compared the Itirapina snake assemblage with nine snake assemblages of Brazil, from Amazonia, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and other open habitats. We recorded a total of 36 snake species among 755 individuals found in the field and six records from scientific collections and literature, belonging to 25 genera and five families. The snake assemblage comparisons indicate that the Cerrado has its own identity regarding the snake composition. Although small (about 2,300 ha), the Estacao Ecologica de Itirapina encompasses well preserved and representative Cerrado physiognomic forms, which harbors a rich and typical Cerrado snake fauna. The occurrence of some species only inside the reserve also indicates that the Estacao Ecologica de Itirapina is of fundamental importance to the maintenance of Cerrado biodiversity.
Guarino R. Colli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of abandoned Eucalyptus plantations on lizard communities in the Brazilian Cerrado
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2014Co-Authors: Alison M. Gainsbury, Guarino R. ColliAbstract:The rapid expansion of human altered landscapes affects biodiversity on every continent. A fundamental goal of conservation biologists is to understand why certain species are at risk of extinction while others are able to persist in human altered landscapes. Afforestation, the conversion of unforested lands to planted forest, is rapidly altering many natural landscapes worldwide. In the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna), a global biodiversity hotspot, a shortage of government incentives has the landscape riddled with abandoned plantation forests that are not subject to active restoration projects. Studies investigating the impacts of abandoned plantations on biodiversity are strikingly limited. We examine the effects of abandoned Eucalyptus plantations on the structure of Cerrado lizard communities. We assessed changes in lizard capture, richness and equitability along Cerrado sensu stricto—Eucalyptus transects. Our results indicate abandoned Eucalyptus plantations have subsets of Cerrado species persisting with a great loss of endemic species. The Cerrado sensu stricto—Eucalyptus linear transect analysis demonstrated distance from native habitat is positively correlated with loss of biodiversity. We performed correspondence analyses to summarize the variation in species captures across different sites, habitats and pitfall array positions. These analyses depicted strong species associations between habitats and their pitfall array positions. This study is the first to show the negative impacts of abandoned Eucalyptus plantations on Cerrado lizard communities, serving as a cautionary tale of Cerrado biodiversity non-resilience in abandoned Eucalyptus plantations. Mitigation requires that abandoned Eucalyptus plantations are made more suitable to Cerrado lizards by implementing targeted habitat heterogeneity restoration.
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climatic stability in the brazilian Cerrado implications for biogeographical connections of south american savannas species richness and conservation in a biodiversity hotspot
Journal of Biogeography, 2012Co-Authors: Fernanda P Werneck, Guarino R. Colli, Cristiano Nogueira, Jack W Sites, Gabriel C CostaAbstract:Aim To investigate the historical distribution of the Cerrado across Quaternary climatic fluctuations and to generate historical stability maps to test: (1) whether the ‘historical climate’ stability hypothesis explains squamate reptile richness in the Cerrado; and (2) the hypothesis of Pleistocene connections between savannas located north and south of Amazonia. Location The Cerrado, a savanna biome and a global biodiversity hotspot distributed mainly in central Brazil. Methods We generated occurrence datasets from 1000 presence points randomly selected from the entire distribution of the Cerrado, as determined by two spatial definitions. We modelled the potential Cerrado distribution by implementing a maximum-entropy machine-learning algorithm across four time projections: current, mid-Holocene (6 ka), Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21 ka) and Last Interglacial(LIG,120 ka).Wegeneratedhistoricalstabilitymaps(refugialareas)by overlappingpresence/absenceprojectionsofallscenarios,andcheckedconsistencies withqualitativecomparisonswithavailablefossilpollenrecords.Webuiltaspatially explicit simultaneous autoregressive model to explore the relationship between current climate, climatic stability, and squamate species richness. Results Models predicted the LGM and LIG as the periods of narrowest and widest Cerrado distributions, respectively, and were largely corroborated by palynological evidence. We found evidence for two savanna corridors (eastern coastal during the LIG, and Andean during the LGM) and predicted a large
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ANURAN SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS IN BRAZILIAN Cerrado, A NEOTROPICAL HOTSPOT
South American Journal of Herpetology, 2012Co-Authors: Paula Hanna Valdujo, Débora Silvano, Guarino R. Colli, Marcio MartinsAbstract:ABSTRACT. Species distribution patterns result from the combination of multiple factors acting over different spatial and temporal scales. We analyze the distribution patterns of anuran amphibians within the Cerrado domain of South America in a historical framework. First, we provide an updated list of species based on extensive research in zoological collections and fieldwork. We then explore patterns of endemism and the distribution of species occurring both in Cerrado and each of the adjoining domains, providing directions for future hypotheses tests. We found 209 anuran species occurring in localities within Cerrado. Among them, 150 are primarily associated with Cerrado, and 59 are typical of one of the Cerrado adjoining domains. Widespread species account for only 14% of the Cerrado typical species. Species occurring in Cerrado and one adjoining domain present a highly structured spatial pattern in which Amazonian species are restricted to the northwestern Cerrado, Atlantic species to the southeaster...
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vicariance and endemism in a neotropical savanna hotspot distribution patterns of Cerrado squamate reptiles
Journal of Biogeography, 2011Co-Authors: Cristiano Nogueira, Gabriel C Costa, Siria Ribeiro, Guarino R. ColliAbstract:Aim To test predictions of the vicariance model, to define basic biogeographical units for Cerrado squamates, and to discuss previous biogeographical hypotheses. Location Cerrado; South American savannas south of the Amazon, extending across central Brazil, with marginal areas in Bolivia and Paraguay and isolated relictual enclaves in adjacent regions. Methods We compiled species occurrence records via field sampling and revision of museum specimens and taxonomic literature. All species were mapped according to georeferenced locality records, and classified as (1) endemic or non-endemic, (2) typical of plateaus or depressions, and (3) typical of open or forested habitats. We tested predictions of the vicariance model using biotic element analysis, searching for non-random clusters of species ranges. Spatial congruence of biotic elements was compared with putative areas of endemism revealed by sympatric restricted-range species. Effects of topographical and vegetational mosaics on distribution patterns were studied according to species composition in biotic elements and areas of endemism. Results We recorded 267 Cerrado squamates, of which 103 (39%) are endemics, including 20 amphisbaenians (61% endemism), 32 lizards (42%) and 51 snakes (32%). Distribution patterns corroborated predictions of the vicariance model, revealing groups of species with significantly clustered ranges. An analysis of endemic species recovered seven biotic elements, corroborating results including non-endemics. Sympatric restricted-range taxa delimited 10 putative areas of endemism, largely coincident with core areas of biotic elements detected with endemic taxa. Distribution patterns were associated with major topographical and vegetational divisions of the Cerrado. Endemism prevailed in open, elevated plateaus, whereas faunal interchange, mostly associated with forest habitats, was more common in peripheral depressions. Main conclusions Our results indicate that vicariant speciation has strongly shaped Cerrado squamate diversity, in contrast to earlier studies emphasizing faunal interchange and low endemism in the Cerrado vertebrate fauna. Levels of squamate endemism are higher than in any other Cerrado vertebrate group. The high number of recovered endemics revealed previously undetected areas of evolutionary relevance, indicating that biogeographical patterns in the Cerrado were poorly represented in previous analyses. Although still largely undocumented, effects of vicariant speciation may be prevalent in a large fraction of Cerrado and Neotropical biodiversity.
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Squamate richness in the Brazilian Cerrado and its environmental–climatic associations
Diversity and Distributions, 2007Co-Authors: Gabriel C Costa, Cristiano Nogueira, Ricardo B. Machado, Guarino R. ColliAbstract:We investigate patterns of species richness of squamates (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians) in the Brazilian Cerrado, identifying areas of particularly high richness, and testing predictions of large-scale richness hypotheses by analysing the relationship between species richness and environmental climatic variables. We used point localities from museum collections to produce maps of the predicted distributions for 237 Cerrado squamate species, using niche-modelling techniques. We superimposed distributions of all species on a composite map, depicting richness across the ecosystem. Then, we performed a multiple regression analysis using eigenvector-based spatial filtering (Principal Coordinate of Neighbour Matrices) to assess environmental-climatic variables that are best predictors of species richness. We found that the environmental-climatic and spatial filters multiple regression model explained 78% of the variation in Cerrado squamate richness (r 2 = 0.78; F = 32.66; P < 0.01). Best predictors of species richness were: annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality, altitude, net primary productivity, and precipitation during the driest quarter. A model selection approach revealed that several mechanisms related to the different diversity hypothesis might work together to explain richness variation in the Cerrado. Areas of higher species richness in Cerrado were located mainly in the south-west, north, extreme east, and scattered areas in the north-west portions of the biome. Partitioning of energy among species, habitat differentiation, and tolerance to variable environments may be the primary ecological factors determining variation in squamate richness across the Cerrado. High richness areas in northern Cerrado, predicted by our models, are still poorly sampled, and biological surveys are warranted in that region. The south-western region of the Cerrado exhibits high species richness and is also undergoing high levels of deforestation. Therefore, maintenance of existing reserves, establishment of ecological corridors among reserves, and creation of new reserves are urgently needed to ensure conservation of species in these areas.
Giselda Durigan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Zero-fire: Not possible nor desirable in the Cerrado of Brazil
Flora, 2020Co-Authors: Giselda DuriganAbstract:Abstract Fire has been a natural force modulating the vegetation of the Brazilian Cerrado since long before the first humans arrived in this region about 12 thousand years BP. Cerrado plants are, therefore, adapted to fire and some of them depend on fire to maintain their reproduction and survival. However, after the use of fire as a tool to destroy vast extents of forests in the last centuries, Brazilians in general formed a very negative opinion about the use of fire and burning native vegetation was prohibited in the country. Although this decision was effective in protecting tropical forests, the zero-fire policy has been quite negative in the Cerrado. Fire suppression in Cerrado reserves has caused a dramatic loss of biodiversity at landscape level (homogenizing the vegetation structure), at species level (leading non-tree species to local extinction) and likely at population level (sexual reproduction impaired). Furthermore, fuel accumulation over several years without fire increases the risks of catastrophic firestorms that will inevitably occur. Such negative consequences of fire suppression in the Cerrado have not been noticed even among ecologists, including myself in early career and until recently. The biased tree-and-carbon perspective of environmental campaigns and ecological studies have reinforced the misunderstanding of fire effects in Cerrado vegetation. Both neglect that the absolute majority of Cerrado plant species, as well as associated fauna and ecosystem services, depend upon open vegetation-structures which are mostly maintained by fire.
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The root to shoot ratio of trees from open- and closed-canopy Cerrado in south-eastern Brazil
Plant Ecology & Diversity, 2012Co-Authors: Giselda Durigan, Antônio Carlos Galvão De Melo, John S. BrewerAbstract:Background: The Brazilian savanna, or Cerrado, has been described as an ‘upside-down forest’, with higher below-ground than above-ground biomass. The Cerrado vegetation, ranging from open grasslands to forests, comprises a wide range of ecological conditions and plant biomass. Aims: To determine if and how root:shoot ratio in 102 trees differed between open- (Cerrado sensu stricto) and closed-canopy Cerrado (cerradao) within the same region in south-eastern Brazil. Methods: Differences in root:shoot ratios and environmental conditions between the two Cerrado types were examined, by uprooting and weighing trees from different species and functional groups. Results: Root:shoot ratio was higher in the open than in the closed Cerrado, especially among deciduous species. Root:shoot ratio in the open Cerrado was lower than reported for the same Cerrado type in central Brazil. Soil fertility did not differ between Cerrado types, but soil water was lower and light availability was higher in the open Cerrado. Conc...
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SUCCESSIONAL CHANGES IN Cerrado AND Cerrado/FOREST ECOTONAL VEGETATION IN WESTERN SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL, 1962–2000
Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 2006Co-Authors: Giselda Durigan, J. A. RatterAbstract:Surveys over a period of 38 years have shown a rapid successional change in the remaining areas of Cerrado vegetation in western Sao Paulo State. Cerradao (the dense, tall, forest form of Cerrado (sensu lato)) and Cerrado/Atlantic forest ecotonal vegetation have replaced more open forms (such as campo Cerrado) during this period. An aerial photographic survey in 1962 showed 75% Cerrado (sensu stricto), 16% campo Cerrado, and only 9% cerradao, while a survey combining Landsat imaging of 1992 with aerial photography of 1984 gave 69%, 0.6%, and 30.5% respectively for the same physiognomies. Visiting 10% of the sites of the latter survey in 2000 showed that cerradao had become the dominant vegetation of 68% of them. In a particular 180 ha site in Assis municipality, cerradao increased from 12.0 to 41.4% of the area in 22 years. Reduction of anthropic pressures, such as fire and cattle-grazing, is considered responsible for these rapid changes. Conservation issues and research priorities related to these changes are discussed and proposed.
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successional changes in Cerrado and Cerrado forest ecotonal vegetation in western sao paulo state brazil 1962 2000
Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 2006Co-Authors: Giselda Durigan, J. A. RatterAbstract:Surveys over a period of 38 years have shown a rapid successional change in the remaining areas of Cerrado vegetation in western Sao Paulo State. Cerradao (the dense, tall, forest form of Cerrado (sensu lato)) and Cerrado/Atlantic forest ecotonal vegetation have replaced more open forms (such as campo Cerrado) during this period. An aerial photographic survey in 1962 showed 75% Cerrado (sensu stricto), 16% campo Cerrado, and only 9% cerradao, while a survey combining Landsat imaging of 1992 with aerial photography of 1984 gave 69%, 0.6%, and 30.5% respectively for the same physiognomies. Visiting 10% of the sites of the latter survey in 2000 showed that cerradao had become the dominant vegetation of 68% of them. In a particular 180 ha site in Assis municipality, cerradao increased from 12.0 to 41.4% of the area in 22 years. Reduction of anthropic pressures, such as fire and cattle-grazing, is considered responsible for these rapid changes. Conservation issues and research priorities related to these changes are discussed and proposed.
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THE VEGETATION OF PRIORITY AREAS FOR Cerrado CONSERVATION IN SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL
Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 2003Co-Authors: Giselda Durigan, M. F. De Siqueira, Geraldo Antônio Daher Corrêa Franco, S. Bridgewater, J. A. RatterAbstract:Natural Cerrado vegetation in Sao Paulo State now covers less than 7% of its original area and exists only as isolated fragments. Eighty-six sites in these priority Cerrado conservation areas were surveyed using a rapid assessment technique. A total of 554 species of vascular plants, belonging to 77 families, was recorded. The vegetation types encountered comprised: campo sujo, campo Cerrado, Cerrado sensu stricto , cerradao, wet campo, riparian forest, swamp forest, ecotone Cerrado/forest and seasonal semi-deciduous forest. Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN), Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Unweighted Pair-Groups Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) revealed a weak similarity pattern based on geography, but divided the sites into two main structural groups: (a) areas where more open forms of Cerrado occur (Cerrado sensu stricto , campo Cerrado); (b) areas where only forest physiognomies occur (cerradao, ecotone cerradao/seasonal semi-deciduous forest, or riparian forest). The first group tends to be located in the east and the second in the west of Sao Paulo State. Cerradao was the most frequent vegetation type, observed in 70% of the sites. Cerrado sensu stricto was recorded in only 31% of the sites. Casearia sylvestris and Byrsonima intermedia were the most widespread species, recorded in 90% and 88% of the sites, respectively. Only 10% of the species were found in 50% or more of the sites, while 19% of species were recorded at a single site only. There was a considerable difference in species number between sites, from a minimum of 29 at Taubate to a maximum of 185 in one of those at Campos Novos Paulista. As shown in other studies, species richness is directly correlated with diversity of vegetation types occurring at a site (beta diversity). As expected, the seven richest fragments contain ecotonal vegetation, which combines both forest and Cerrado elements.
J. A. Ratter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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SUCCESSIONAL CHANGES IN Cerrado AND Cerrado/FOREST ECOTONAL VEGETATION IN WESTERN SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL, 1962–2000
Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 2006Co-Authors: Giselda Durigan, J. A. RatterAbstract:Surveys over a period of 38 years have shown a rapid successional change in the remaining areas of Cerrado vegetation in western Sao Paulo State. Cerradao (the dense, tall, forest form of Cerrado (sensu lato)) and Cerrado/Atlantic forest ecotonal vegetation have replaced more open forms (such as campo Cerrado) during this period. An aerial photographic survey in 1962 showed 75% Cerrado (sensu stricto), 16% campo Cerrado, and only 9% cerradao, while a survey combining Landsat imaging of 1992 with aerial photography of 1984 gave 69%, 0.6%, and 30.5% respectively for the same physiognomies. Visiting 10% of the sites of the latter survey in 2000 showed that cerradao had become the dominant vegetation of 68% of them. In a particular 180 ha site in Assis municipality, cerradao increased from 12.0 to 41.4% of the area in 22 years. Reduction of anthropic pressures, such as fire and cattle-grazing, is considered responsible for these rapid changes. Conservation issues and research priorities related to these changes are discussed and proposed.
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successional changes in Cerrado and Cerrado forest ecotonal vegetation in western sao paulo state brazil 1962 2000
Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 2006Co-Authors: Giselda Durigan, J. A. RatterAbstract:Surveys over a period of 38 years have shown a rapid successional change in the remaining areas of Cerrado vegetation in western Sao Paulo State. Cerradao (the dense, tall, forest form of Cerrado (sensu lato)) and Cerrado/Atlantic forest ecotonal vegetation have replaced more open forms (such as campo Cerrado) during this period. An aerial photographic survey in 1962 showed 75% Cerrado (sensu stricto), 16% campo Cerrado, and only 9% cerradao, while a survey combining Landsat imaging of 1992 with aerial photography of 1984 gave 69%, 0.6%, and 30.5% respectively for the same physiognomies. Visiting 10% of the sites of the latter survey in 2000 showed that cerradao had become the dominant vegetation of 68% of them. In a particular 180 ha site in Assis municipality, cerradao increased from 12.0 to 41.4% of the area in 22 years. Reduction of anthropic pressures, such as fire and cattle-grazing, is considered responsible for these rapid changes. Conservation issues and research priorities related to these changes are discussed and proposed.
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THE VEGETATION OF PRIORITY AREAS FOR Cerrado CONSERVATION IN SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL
Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 2003Co-Authors: Giselda Durigan, M. F. De Siqueira, Geraldo Antônio Daher Corrêa Franco, S. Bridgewater, J. A. RatterAbstract:Natural Cerrado vegetation in Sao Paulo State now covers less than 7% of its original area and exists only as isolated fragments. Eighty-six sites in these priority Cerrado conservation areas were surveyed using a rapid assessment technique. A total of 554 species of vascular plants, belonging to 77 families, was recorded. The vegetation types encountered comprised: campo sujo, campo Cerrado, Cerrado sensu stricto , cerradao, wet campo, riparian forest, swamp forest, ecotone Cerrado/forest and seasonal semi-deciduous forest. Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN), Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Unweighted Pair-Groups Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) revealed a weak similarity pattern based on geography, but divided the sites into two main structural groups: (a) areas where more open forms of Cerrado occur (Cerrado sensu stricto , campo Cerrado); (b) areas where only forest physiognomies occur (cerradao, ecotone cerradao/seasonal semi-deciduous forest, or riparian forest). The first group tends to be located in the east and the second in the west of Sao Paulo State. Cerradao was the most frequent vegetation type, observed in 70% of the sites. Cerrado sensu stricto was recorded in only 31% of the sites. Casearia sylvestris and Byrsonima intermedia were the most widespread species, recorded in 90% and 88% of the sites, respectively. Only 10% of the species were found in 50% or more of the sites, while 19% of species were recorded at a single site only. There was a considerable difference in species number between sites, from a minimum of 29 at Taubate to a maximum of 185 in one of those at Campos Novos Paulista. As shown in other studies, species richness is directly correlated with diversity of vegetation types occurring at a site (beta diversity). As expected, the seven richest fragments contain ecotonal vegetation, which combines both forest and Cerrado elements.