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Soren Langkilde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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compositional and toxicological analysis of a gm potato line with reduced α solanine content a 90 day feeding study in the syrian golden hamster
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2012Co-Authors: Soren Langkilde, H V Davies, Malene Schroder, Otto A Meyer, Sean Conner, Thomas Frank, Louise V T Shepherd, Jurgen Danier, Michael Rychlik, William R BelknapAbstract:Abstract Steroidal glycoalkaloids (GAs) are toxins, produced by plants of the Solanaceae family. The potato plant (Solanum tuberosum L.) and its tubers predominantly contain the two GAs α-Chaconine and α-solanine. These compounds are believed to act in synergy, and the degree of toxicity may therefore depend on their ratio in the potato. To determine the influence of α-solanine: α-Chaconine ratio in potatoes on toxicity, a GM potato line (SGT 9-2) with reduced α-solanine content, and the parental control line (Desiree wild-type) having a traditional α-solanine: α-Chaconine ratio were (1) studied for compositional similarity by analysing for a range of potato constituents, and (2) used in a 90-day feeding trial with the Syrian Golden hamster to study differential toxicity. The animal feeding study used diets with up to 60% freeze-dried potato powder from either line. Whilst data indicated some compositional differences between the GM line and its wildtype control these did not raise concerns related to nutritional value or safety. Results of the feeding trials showed a low number of significant differences between potato lines with different α-solanine: α-Chaconine ratio but none were considered to raise safety concerns with regard to human (or animal) consumption.
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Compositional and toxicological analysis of a GM potato line with reduced α-solanine content – A 90-day feeding study in the Syrian Golden hamster
Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 2012Co-Authors: Soren Langkilde, Malene Schroder, Otto A Meyer, Sean Conner, Thomas Frank, Louise V T Shepherd, Jurgen Danier, Michael Rychlik, Howard V. Davies, William R BelknapAbstract:Steroidal glycoalkaloids (GAs) are toxins, produced by plants of the Solanaceae family. The potato plant (Solanum tuberosum L.) and its tubers predominantly contain the two GAs α-Chaconine and α-solanine. These compounds are believed to act in synergy, and the degree of toxicity may therefore depend on their ratio in the potato. To determine the influence of α-solanine: α-Chaconine ratio in potatoes on toxicity, a GM potato line (SGT 9-2) with reduced α-solanine content, and the parental control line (Desiree wild-type) having a traditional α-solanine: α-Chaconine ratio were (1) studied for compositional similarity by analysing for a range of potato constituents, and (2) used in a 90-day feeding trial with the Syrian Golden hamster to study differential toxicity. The animal feeding study used diets with up to 60% freeze-dried potato powder from either line. Whilst data indicated some compositional differences between the GM line and its wildtype control these did not raise concerns related to nutritional value or safety. Results of the feeding trials showed a low number of significant differences between potato lines with different α-solanine: α-Chaconine ratio but none were considered to raise safety concerns with regard to human (or animal) consumption.
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a 28 day repeat dose toxicity study of steroidal glycoalkaloids α solanine and α Chaconine in the syrian golden hamster
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2009Co-Authors: Soren Langkilde, Tafadzwa Mandimika, Malene Schroder, Otto A Meyer, Ad A. C. M. Peijnenburg, Wout Slob, Morten PoulsenAbstract:Glycoalkaloids α-solanine and α-Chaconine are naturally present toxicants in the potato plant (Solanum tuberosum). Human intake of high doses of glycoalkaloids has led to acute intoxication, in severe cases coma and death. Previous studies have indicated that the ratio of α-solanine to α-Chaconine may determine the degree and nature of the glycoalkaloid toxicity in potatoes, as the toxicity of the two alkaloids act synergistically. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether an altered ratio of α-solanine and α-Chaconine would reduce the toxicity of the glycoalkaloids. The Syrian Golden hamster was given daily doses of α-solanine and α-Chaconine by gavage for 28 days. Doses of up to 33.3 mg total glycoalkaloids/kg body weight were applied in ratios of 1:3.7 and 1:70 (α-solanine:α-Chaconine). Administration of the highest doses of both ratios resulted in distended and fluid filled small intestines and stomach. Animals receiving the ratio with the reduced content of α-solanine were less affected compared to those receiving the other ratio. Gene expression profiling experiments were conducted using RNA from epithelial scrapings from the small intestines of the hamsters administered the highest doses of the glycoalkaloid treatments. In general, more differential gene expression was observed in the epithelial scrapings of the hamsters fed the ratio of 1:3.7. Mostly, pathways involved in lipid and energy metabolism were affected by the ratio of 1:3.7.
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acute toxicity of high doses of the glycoalkaloids α solanine and α Chaconine in the syrian golden hamster
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Soren Langkilde, H V Davies, Malene Schroder, Otto A Meyer, Sean Conner, Derek Stewart, Morten PoulsenAbstract:Sprouted, stressed, or spoiled potato tubers have reportedly led to human acute intoxication, coma, and death when consumed in high amounts. These effects have been attributed to glycoalkaloids (GAs), primarily α-solanine and α-Chaconine, naturally present in all potatoes. The level of GAs in potato tubers has previously been shown to increase substantially as a result of improper handling and postharvest storage. A short-term study was performed to investigate the dose−response profile of α-solanine and α-Chaconine alone or in combination, administered daily by oral gavage to Syrian Golden hamsters. Daily doses of 100 mg of α-solanine [kg body weight (BW)]−1 induced death in two of four hamsters within 4 days, when administered by gavage to female Syrian hamsters. Doses of 100 mg of α-Chaconine alone or α-solanine and α-Chaconine combined in a ratio of 1:2.5, in doses of 75 or 100 mg (kg BW)−1, induced death in one of four hamsters within the same period. Animals dosed with α-solanine alone or in combina...
Cheon Soon Jeong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prediction of α-Solanine and α-Chaconine in Potato Tubers from Hunter Color Values and VIS/NIR Spectra
Journal of Food Quality, 2020Co-Authors: Shimeles Tilahun, In Geun Hwang, Jong Hang Choi, Min Woo Baek, Han Ryul Choi, Su Park, Cheon Soon JeongAbstract:The glycoalkaloids contents of potato tubers are usually measured by the destructive analysis that consumes time and requires expensive high-performance equipment. This study was carried out to determine the possibility of nondestructive estimation of α-solanine and α-Chaconine content in potato tubers. Visible/near-infrared (VIS/NIR) spectra, color values, and the reference α-solanine and α-Chaconine were measured from 180 tubers of ‘Atlantic’ and ‘Trent’ potato cultivars with eight replications at two-week intervals during the storage up to ten weeks. The partial least square (PLS) regression method was used to develop models correlating color and spectra data to the measured reference data. Regression coefficient (r) between color variables (Hunter , , and ( ) 2) and the actual measured values of a-solanine and a-Chaconine content were 0.74, 0.62, and 0.62 and 0.70, 0.58, and 0.57, respectively, for the prediction set. Concurrently, equations were developed from color variables in multiple regression with r-values of 0.76 and 0.71 for α-solanine and α-Chaconine, respectively. Additionally, the selected PLS model of VIS/NIR spectra had promising predictive power for α-solanine and α-Chaconine with r-values of 0.68 and 0.63, respectively, between measured and predicted samples. Taken together, although it requires further studies to improve the prediction power of the developed models, the results of this study revealed the possibility of using VIS/NIR spectra and color variables for the prediction of α-solanine and α-Chaconine contents from intact unpeeled potato tubers with chemical-free, fast, and cheap assessment methods.
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prediction of α solanine and α Chaconine in potato tubers from hunter color values and vis nir spectra
Journal of Food Quality, 2020Co-Authors: Shimeles Tilahun, In Geun Hwang, Jong Hang Choi, Min Woo Baek, Han Ryul Choi, Do Su Park, Cheon Soon JeongAbstract:The glycoalkaloids contents of potato tubers are usually measured by the destructive analysis that consumes time and requires expensive high-performance equipment. This study was carried out to determine the possibility of nondestructive estimation of α-solanine and α-Chaconine content in potato tubers. Visible/near-infrared (VIS/NIR) spectra, color values, and the reference α-solanine and α-Chaconine were measured from 180 tubers of ‘Atlantic’ and ‘Trent’ potato cultivars with eight replications at two-week intervals during the storage up to ten weeks. The partial least square (PLS) regression method was used to develop models correlating color and spectra data to the measured reference data. Regression coefficient (r) between color variables (Hunter , , and ( ) 2) and the actual measured values of a-solanine and a-Chaconine content were 0.74, 0.62, and 0.62 and 0.70, 0.58, and 0.57, respectively, for the prediction set. Concurrently, equations were developed from color variables in multiple regression with r-values of 0.76 and 0.71 for α-solanine and α-Chaconine, respectively. Additionally, the selected PLS model of VIS/NIR spectra had promising predictive power for α-solanine and α-Chaconine with r-values of 0.68 and 0.63, respectively, between measured and predicted samples. Taken together, although it requires further studies to improve the prediction power of the developed models, the results of this study revealed the possibility of using VIS/NIR spectra and color variables for the prediction of α-solanine and α-Chaconine contents from intact unpeeled potato tubers with chemical-free, fast, and cheap assessment methods.
Shimeles Tilahun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prediction of α-Solanine and α-Chaconine in Potato Tubers from Hunter Color Values and VIS/NIR Spectra
Journal of Food Quality, 2020Co-Authors: Shimeles Tilahun, In Geun Hwang, Jong Hang Choi, Min Woo Baek, Han Ryul Choi, Su Park, Cheon Soon JeongAbstract:The glycoalkaloids contents of potato tubers are usually measured by the destructive analysis that consumes time and requires expensive high-performance equipment. This study was carried out to determine the possibility of nondestructive estimation of α-solanine and α-Chaconine content in potato tubers. Visible/near-infrared (VIS/NIR) spectra, color values, and the reference α-solanine and α-Chaconine were measured from 180 tubers of ‘Atlantic’ and ‘Trent’ potato cultivars with eight replications at two-week intervals during the storage up to ten weeks. The partial least square (PLS) regression method was used to develop models correlating color and spectra data to the measured reference data. Regression coefficient (r) between color variables (Hunter , , and ( ) 2) and the actual measured values of a-solanine and a-Chaconine content were 0.74, 0.62, and 0.62 and 0.70, 0.58, and 0.57, respectively, for the prediction set. Concurrently, equations were developed from color variables in multiple regression with r-values of 0.76 and 0.71 for α-solanine and α-Chaconine, respectively. Additionally, the selected PLS model of VIS/NIR spectra had promising predictive power for α-solanine and α-Chaconine with r-values of 0.68 and 0.63, respectively, between measured and predicted samples. Taken together, although it requires further studies to improve the prediction power of the developed models, the results of this study revealed the possibility of using VIS/NIR spectra and color variables for the prediction of α-solanine and α-Chaconine contents from intact unpeeled potato tubers with chemical-free, fast, and cheap assessment methods.
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prediction of α solanine and α Chaconine in potato tubers from hunter color values and vis nir spectra
Journal of Food Quality, 2020Co-Authors: Shimeles Tilahun, In Geun Hwang, Jong Hang Choi, Min Woo Baek, Han Ryul Choi, Do Su Park, Cheon Soon JeongAbstract:The glycoalkaloids contents of potato tubers are usually measured by the destructive analysis that consumes time and requires expensive high-performance equipment. This study was carried out to determine the possibility of nondestructive estimation of α-solanine and α-Chaconine content in potato tubers. Visible/near-infrared (VIS/NIR) spectra, color values, and the reference α-solanine and α-Chaconine were measured from 180 tubers of ‘Atlantic’ and ‘Trent’ potato cultivars with eight replications at two-week intervals during the storage up to ten weeks. The partial least square (PLS) regression method was used to develop models correlating color and spectra data to the measured reference data. Regression coefficient (r) between color variables (Hunter , , and ( ) 2) and the actual measured values of a-solanine and a-Chaconine content were 0.74, 0.62, and 0.62 and 0.70, 0.58, and 0.57, respectively, for the prediction set. Concurrently, equations were developed from color variables in multiple regression with r-values of 0.76 and 0.71 for α-solanine and α-Chaconine, respectively. Additionally, the selected PLS model of VIS/NIR spectra had promising predictive power for α-solanine and α-Chaconine with r-values of 0.68 and 0.63, respectively, between measured and predicted samples. Taken together, although it requires further studies to improve the prediction power of the developed models, the results of this study revealed the possibility of using VIS/NIR spectra and color variables for the prediction of α-solanine and α-Chaconine contents from intact unpeeled potato tubers with chemical-free, fast, and cheap assessment methods.
William R Belknap - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modification of Potato Steroidal Glycoalkaloids with Silencing RNA Constructs
American Journal of Potato Research, 2018Co-Authors: Kent F. Mccue, Andrew Breksa, Ana Vilches, William R BelknapAbstract:Los glicoalcaloides esteroidales (SGAs), mientras se encuentran en muchas plantas solanáceas, se pueden acumular a altos niveles inaceptables en tubérculos de papa. Los primeros dos SGAs que se presentan en papas son los alcaloides triglicosilados, α-solanina y α-chaconina. Los primeros pasos de glicosilación en sus rutas biosintéticas se efectúan por las enzimas reguladas SGT1, la UDP-galactosa: solanidina-galactosiltransferasa, y la SGT2, la UDP-glucosa:solanidina glucosiltransferasa, respectivamente. Utilizando fragmentos de los genes Sgt1 y Sgt2 para producir pequeños RNAs inhibidores (siRNA), hemos sido capaces de sub-regular cada rama de la ruta. El uso del enfoque de siRNA aumenta la eficiencia en la producción de líneas de plantas transgénicas con reducciones en SGAs individuales, pero se requiere de más investigación para lograr reducciones en los niveles de la acumulación total de SGA. Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs), while found in many solanaceous plants, can accumulate to unacceptably high levels in potato tubers. The two primary SGAs that occur in potatoes are the tri-glycosylated alkaloids, α-solanine and α-Chaconine. The first glycosylation steps in their biosynthetic pathways are performed by the regulated enzymes SGT1, the UDP-galactose:solanidine galactosyltransferase, and SGT2, the UDP-glucose:solanidine glucosyltransferase, respectively. Using fragments of the Sgt1 and Sgt2 genes to produce small inhibitory RNAs (siRNA), we have been able to down-regulate each branch of the pathway. The use of the siRNA approach increases the efficiency of producing transgenic plant lines with reductions in individual SGAs but further research is required to achieve reductions in levels of total SGA accumulation.
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compositional and toxicological analysis of a gm potato line with reduced α solanine content a 90 day feeding study in the syrian golden hamster
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2012Co-Authors: Soren Langkilde, H V Davies, Malene Schroder, Otto A Meyer, Sean Conner, Thomas Frank, Louise V T Shepherd, Jurgen Danier, Michael Rychlik, William R BelknapAbstract:Abstract Steroidal glycoalkaloids (GAs) are toxins, produced by plants of the Solanaceae family. The potato plant (Solanum tuberosum L.) and its tubers predominantly contain the two GAs α-Chaconine and α-solanine. These compounds are believed to act in synergy, and the degree of toxicity may therefore depend on their ratio in the potato. To determine the influence of α-solanine: α-Chaconine ratio in potatoes on toxicity, a GM potato line (SGT 9-2) with reduced α-solanine content, and the parental control line (Desiree wild-type) having a traditional α-solanine: α-Chaconine ratio were (1) studied for compositional similarity by analysing for a range of potato constituents, and (2) used in a 90-day feeding trial with the Syrian Golden hamster to study differential toxicity. The animal feeding study used diets with up to 60% freeze-dried potato powder from either line. Whilst data indicated some compositional differences between the GM line and its wildtype control these did not raise concerns related to nutritional value or safety. Results of the feeding trials showed a low number of significant differences between potato lines with different α-solanine: α-Chaconine ratio but none were considered to raise safety concerns with regard to human (or animal) consumption.
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Compositional and toxicological analysis of a GM potato line with reduced α-solanine content – A 90-day feeding study in the Syrian Golden hamster
Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 2012Co-Authors: Soren Langkilde, Malene Schroder, Otto A Meyer, Sean Conner, Thomas Frank, Louise V T Shepherd, Jurgen Danier, Michael Rychlik, Howard V. Davies, William R BelknapAbstract:Steroidal glycoalkaloids (GAs) are toxins, produced by plants of the Solanaceae family. The potato plant (Solanum tuberosum L.) and its tubers predominantly contain the two GAs α-Chaconine and α-solanine. These compounds are believed to act in synergy, and the degree of toxicity may therefore depend on their ratio in the potato. To determine the influence of α-solanine: α-Chaconine ratio in potatoes on toxicity, a GM potato line (SGT 9-2) with reduced α-solanine content, and the parental control line (Desiree wild-type) having a traditional α-solanine: α-Chaconine ratio were (1) studied for compositional similarity by analysing for a range of potato constituents, and (2) used in a 90-day feeding trial with the Syrian Golden hamster to study differential toxicity. The animal feeding study used diets with up to 60% freeze-dried potato powder from either line. Whilst data indicated some compositional differences between the GM line and its wildtype control these did not raise concerns related to nutritional value or safety. Results of the feeding trials showed a low number of significant differences between potato lines with different α-solanine: α-Chaconine ratio but none were considered to raise safety concerns with regard to human (or animal) consumption.
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Potato glycosterol rhamnosyltransferase, the terminal step in triose side-chain biosynthesis.
Phytochemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Kent F. Mccue, Derek Stewart, Louise V T Shepherd, Paul V. Allen, Alison Blake, M. Malendia Maccree, David R. Rockhold, Richard G. Novy, Howard V. Davies, William R BelknapAbstract:Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are potentially harmful specialty metabolites found in Solanaceous plants. Two tri-glycosylated alkaloids, alpha-Chaconine and alpha-solanine accumulate in potato tubers. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified in the available database by searching for protein homology to the Sgt1 (SOLtu:Sgt1) steriodalalkaloid galactosyltransferase. The EST sequence data was used to isolate Sgt3 cDNA sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from a wounded potato tuber cDNA library. The resulting 1515bp open reading frame of Sgt3, encodes a predicted SGT3 amino acid sequence that is 18 residues longer than, 45% identical to, and 58% homologous to the SGT1 protein. The amino-terminal region of the Sgt3 cDNA was used to create an antisense transgene under control of the granule bound starch synthase, GBSS6, promoter and the ubiquitin, Ubi3, polyadenylation signal. Analysis of SGA metabolites in selected transgenic tubers revealed a dramatic decrease in the accumulation of alpha-Chaconine and alpha-solanine. This decrease was compensated by an increase in beta-solanine and beta-Chaconine with minor accumulation of alpha-SGAs. These results allowed the identification of the function for SGT3 as the beta-solanine/beta-Chaconine rhamnosyl transferase, the terminal step in formation of the potato glycoalkaloid triose side chains.
Tetsuya Takagi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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forensic analysis using ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with solid phase extraction of α solanine and α Chaconine in whole blood
Forensic Toxicology, 2019Co-Authors: Akina Nara, Kanju Saka, Chiho Yamada, Takanori Kodama, Tetsuya TakagiAbstract:Purpose: The potato glycoalkaloids (PGAs), α-solanine and α-Chaconine can exert adverse effects on human health when consumed in excess. This study aimed to investigate the optimal extraction method for the quantitative analysis of PGAs in whole blood by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and to apply this validated method to postmortem blood. Methods: A total of 200 µL of human whole blood was prepared for PGA extraction. For validation, a solid-phase extraction (SPE) using Oasis® PRiME HLB, in which extraction could be performed in three simple steps (sample loading, washing, and elution) was used, with no need for both conditioning and equilibration of columns for sample preparation. Results: In this method, the limit of detection and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of both α-solanine and α-Chaconine were 1 and 2 µg/L, respectively. The calibration curves of the two compounds were obtained with good linearity in the range of 2-100 µg/L. The recovery rates at the LLOQ of α-solanine and α-Chaconine were ≥ 91.8% and ≥ 85.9%, respectively. The validation data (intra- and inter-day combined) for accuracy ranged from 93.5 to 106.6% for α-solanine and from 93.9 to 107.7% for α-Chaconine. This validated method was successfully applied to one forensic autopsy case, and the concentrations of α-solanine and α-Chaconine in the postmortem cardiac blood were 45.1 and 35.5 µg/L, respectively. Conclusions: This validated UHPLC-MS/MS with SPE for quantitative analysis of PGAs could be useful in forensic toxicology.
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Forensic analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with solid-phase extraction of α-solanine and α-Chaconine in whole blood.
Forensic toxicology, 2018Co-Authors: Akina Nara, Kanju Saka, Chiho Yamada, Takanori Kodama, Tetsuya TakagiAbstract:The potato glycoalkaloids (PGAs), α-solanine and α-Chaconine can exert adverse effects on human health when consumed in excess. This study aimed to investigate the optimal extraction method for the quantitative analysis of PGAs in whole blood by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) and to apply this validated method to postmortem blood. A total of 200 µL of human whole blood was prepared for PGA extraction. For validation, a solid-phase extraction (SPE) using Oasis® PRiME HLB, in which extraction could be performed in three simple steps (sample loading, washing, and elution) was used, with no need for both conditioning and equilibration of columns for sample preparation. In this method, the limit of detection and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of both α-solanine and α-Chaconine were 1 and 2 µg/L, respectively. The calibration curves of the two compounds were obtained with good linearity in the range of 2–100 µg/L. The recovery rates at the LLOQ of α-solanine and α-Chaconine were ≥ 91.8% and ≥ 85.9%, respectively. The validation data (intra- and inter-day combined) for accuracy ranged from 93.5 to 106.6% for α-solanine and from 93.9 to 107.7% for α-Chaconine. This validated method was successfully applied to one forensic autopsy case, and the concentrations of α-solanine and α-Chaconine in the postmortem cardiac blood were 45.1 and 35.5 µg/L, respectively. This validated UHPLC–MS/MS with SPE for quantitative analysis of PGAs could be useful in forensic toxicology.