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Salvador Hernández - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modelling and Simulation of the Conversion of Chicken Fat to Produce Renewable Aviation Fuel through the Hydrotreating Process
Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2020Co-Authors: Ana Laura Moreno Gómez, Claudia Gutiérrez-antonio, Fernando Israel Gómez-castro, Salvador HernándezAbstract:Abstract In the transport sector, aviation has the higher growth; thus, more fuel will be required for its operation in the forthcoming years. In order to guarantee the sustainable development of the aviation sector, the use of renewable fuels has been proposed. The renewable aviation fuel can be produced from different types of biomass through several conversion processes. One of these processes is the hydrotreating, where triglyceride feedstock is converted to renewable aviation fuel, light gases, naphtha and green diesel, which are later separated by distillation; in hydroprocessing, the cost of raw material contributes around 80% to the final cost of the biojet fuel. Due to this, the use of waste oils and Fats represents an interesting alternative to produce biojet fuel with competitive prices. In addition, this kind of raw material is available all the year, and its generation is in constant increasing due to the population growth. Therefore, in this work the modelling and simulation of the hydrotreating process to produce biojet fuel, considering Chicken Fat as raw material, is presented. The study is performed using the software Aspen Plus. Two conventional hydrotreating processes are defined and evaluated in terms of total annual costs, CO2 emissions and price of biojet fuel. It has been found that the hydrotreating process that includes the direct conventional sequence has the lowest energy consumption. Also, a significantly decrease in the price of biojet fuel is observed when Chicken Fat is used as raw material, in comparison with oils from Jatropha curcasscastor bean and micro-algae. The use of Chicken Fat represents a promissory raw material to produce biojet fuel, considering its low-cost and constant availability along the year.
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Modelling, simulation and intensification of the hydroprocessing of Chicken Fat to produce renewable aviation fuel
Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification, 1Co-Authors: Ana Laura Moreno-gómez, Claudia Gutiérrez-antonio, Fernando Israel Gómez-castro, Salvador HernándezAbstract:Abstract Renewable aviation fuel can be produced from all type of biomass, being those edible and non-edible the most studied. The technical feasibility of the production of renewable aviation fuel has been proved, but its price is still not competitive with that of its fossil counterpart. In order to reach this target, the use of waste feedstock to produce renewable aviation fuel is promissory; in particular, Chicken Fat stands out as a low-cost raw material with increasing availability. The conversion process for this raw material has not been economically evaluated, and neither it has been intensified. Therefore, in this work the modelling, simulation and intensification of the hydroprocessing of Chicken Fat to produce renewable aviation fuel is proposed. For this, conventional hydrotreating processes are modelled and used to define the intensified ones, where complex configurations are used to perform the purification. All processes are compared in terms of economic and environmental indicators. Results show that the best scenario in terms of economic and environmental indicators is the process that include conditioning and reactive zones along with a direct intensified sequence; in this scenario there is the best trade-off between the price of biojet fuel and the carbon dioxide emissions.
Lawrence L. Tavlarides - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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investigations on supercritical transesterification of Chicken Fat for biodiesel production from low cost lipid feedstocks
Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2010Co-Authors: Victor F. Marulanda, George Anitescu, Lawrence L. TavlaridesAbstract:Abstract Batch experiments on Chicken Fat reactions with methanol were performed at supercritical conditions to answer basic questions regarding the transesterification characteristics such as reactant ratios, lipid and reaction product thermal stability, reaction reversibility, nature of the intermediates, and glycerol consumption. The experiments were conducted at temperatures of 300–400 °C, pressures up to 41.1 MPa, methanol to triglyceride molar ratios of 3:1 and 6:1, and reaction times from 2 to 6 min. The results show that the transesterification process to produce biodiesel from low-cost lipid feedstocks with low excess of methanol and without glycerol generation is technically feasible. Since thermal decomposition of Chicken Fat at these temperatures is an important issue to be considered, batch experiments with emphasis on this aspect were also carried out. It was found that the thermal decomposition of Chicken Fat was not significant if heated up to 350 °C which will permit preheating the feedstock up to this temperature in a more practical flow process. Additional experiments showed that the overall transesterification at these conditions is not reversible and that the byproduct glycerol thermally decomposed and reacted with methanol to form ethers and other fuel components. The use of low-cost lipid feedstocks and moderate excess of methanol, associated with glycerol in situ consumption, has the potential to increase biodiesel profitability for continuous flow processes that are coupled with power generation.
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Biodiesel Fuels through a Continuous Flow Process of Chicken Fat Supercritical Transesterification
Energy & Fuels, 2010Co-Authors: Victor F. Marulanda, George Anitescu, Lawrence L. TavlaridesAbstract:Supercritical transesterification of Chicken Fat with methanol was investigated at various temperatures (350, 375, and 400 °C), pressures (100, 200, and 300 bar), methanol-to-Chicken-Fat molar ratios (from stoichiometric 3:1 to 12:1), and residence times (3−10 min). The best experimental results for the conversion of triglycerides and the decomposition of glycerol to fuel components were obtained under the following conditions: 400 °C, 300 bar, methanol-to-triglycerides molar ratio = 9:1, and residence time = 6 min. The thermal decomposition products of long-chain methyl esters and glycerol were identified in the biodiesel samples and their potential influence on fuel characteristics such as viscosity, cold flow, cetane number, and flash point is discussed. Because of the low excess of methanol used in this study in comparison with similar supercritical transesterification processes (methanol-to-feedstock molar ratios of 3−12 vs 40+), costs associated with the pumping, preheating, and recovery of the exce...
V. Arul Mozhi Selvan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A comprehensive review of low cost biodiesel production from waste Chicken Fat
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018Co-Authors: M. Kirubakaran, V. Arul Mozhi SelvanAbstract:Abstract This paper discusses about the importance of animal Fats for power generation particularly from waste Chicken Fat, advantages of using Chicken Fat for biodiesel production, different ways of oil extraction from Chicken Fat and various biodiesel production techniques. A detailed review has been done on the use of novel heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification process such as metal based catalysts and organic catalysts. The factors influencing transesterification parameters like molar ratio, catalyst weight percentage, reaction time and temperature has been collected from several research articles were presented in detail. In addition, the transesterification reaction is studied at different co solvents employed to increase the methyl ester conversion. Also, analyses of relative optimization techniques implementing for transesterification process parameters have been discussed thoroughly. The physico-chemical properties of Chicken Fat methyl ester such as kinematic viscosity, density, pour, cloud, flash and cold filter plugging point, calorific value and Fatty acid compositions of Chicken Fat methyl ester were compared with different animal Fat methyl esters. The study reveals that biodiesel produced from waste Chicken Fat would be a suitable replacement of edible vegetable oils due to its low cost, ease of availability and the properties of Chicken Fat methyl ester were within the limits of ASTM D 6751 biodiesel standards. Furthermore, the research work has to be carried out for the improvement of cycles of catalyst reusability, biodiesel purity and cost-effectiveness of biodiesel production process in future.
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Effects of alumina nanoparticles in waste Chicken Fat biodiesel on the operating characteristics of a compression ignition engine
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2015Co-Authors: Naresh Kumar Gurusala, V. Arul Mozhi SelvanAbstract:An experimental investigation was carried out to study the performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of a compression ignition (CI) engine fuelled with waste Chicken Fat biodiesel with alumina nanoparticles as an additive. The disposal of waste Chicken creates environmental pollution, hence it is decided to extract oil from the waste Chicken Fat and produce biodiesel through transesterification process. As the Chicken Fat contains 13.6 % free Fatty acid (FFA), a pre-treatment process was carried out using Ferric sulphate as a catalyst in order to reduce the FFA content less than 1 % to prevent soap formation during the process. Potassium hydroxide was used as catalysts for the effective conversion of triglycerides of waste Chicken Fat into methyl ester. Various diesel–biodiesel–alumina blends were prepared by varying the biodiesel proportions of 20 and 40 % by volume and 25 and 50 ppm of alumina nanoparticles to study its operating characteristics on a computerized single cylinder, constant speed CI engine. Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles were used as fuel born catalyst in order to enhance the combustion characteristics and reduce the harmful emissions. The engine test results showed less improvement in brake thermal efficiency and significant reduction on the hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions. However, higher nitrogen oxide emissions were recorded due to the increase in combustion temperature as the nanoparticles enhanced the surface area to volume ratio which improves the thermal conductivity of the fuel blend resulted in improved combustion. Smoke reduction of 52.8 % was observed in B40 fuel blend with 50 ppm alumina nanoparticles under full load conditions.
Victor F. Marulanda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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investigations on supercritical transesterification of Chicken Fat for biodiesel production from low cost lipid feedstocks
Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2010Co-Authors: Victor F. Marulanda, George Anitescu, Lawrence L. TavlaridesAbstract:Abstract Batch experiments on Chicken Fat reactions with methanol were performed at supercritical conditions to answer basic questions regarding the transesterification characteristics such as reactant ratios, lipid and reaction product thermal stability, reaction reversibility, nature of the intermediates, and glycerol consumption. The experiments were conducted at temperatures of 300–400 °C, pressures up to 41.1 MPa, methanol to triglyceride molar ratios of 3:1 and 6:1, and reaction times from 2 to 6 min. The results show that the transesterification process to produce biodiesel from low-cost lipid feedstocks with low excess of methanol and without glycerol generation is technically feasible. Since thermal decomposition of Chicken Fat at these temperatures is an important issue to be considered, batch experiments with emphasis on this aspect were also carried out. It was found that the thermal decomposition of Chicken Fat was not significant if heated up to 350 °C which will permit preheating the feedstock up to this temperature in a more practical flow process. Additional experiments showed that the overall transesterification at these conditions is not reversible and that the byproduct glycerol thermally decomposed and reacted with methanol to form ethers and other fuel components. The use of low-cost lipid feedstocks and moderate excess of methanol, associated with glycerol in situ consumption, has the potential to increase biodiesel profitability for continuous flow processes that are coupled with power generation.
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Biodiesel Fuels through a Continuous Flow Process of Chicken Fat Supercritical Transesterification
Energy & Fuels, 2010Co-Authors: Victor F. Marulanda, George Anitescu, Lawrence L. TavlaridesAbstract:Supercritical transesterification of Chicken Fat with methanol was investigated at various temperatures (350, 375, and 400 °C), pressures (100, 200, and 300 bar), methanol-to-Chicken-Fat molar ratios (from stoichiometric 3:1 to 12:1), and residence times (3−10 min). The best experimental results for the conversion of triglycerides and the decomposition of glycerol to fuel components were obtained under the following conditions: 400 °C, 300 bar, methanol-to-triglycerides molar ratio = 9:1, and residence time = 6 min. The thermal decomposition products of long-chain methyl esters and glycerol were identified in the biodiesel samples and their potential influence on fuel characteristics such as viscosity, cold flow, cetane number, and flash point is discussed. Because of the low excess of methanol used in this study in comparison with similar supercritical transesterification processes (methanol-to-feedstock molar ratios of 3−12 vs 40+), costs associated with the pumping, preheating, and recovery of the exce...
D. K. Larick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Volatile Content and Sensory Attributes of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extracts of Cooked Chicken Fat
Journal of Food Science, 1995Co-Authors: Darrell L. Taylor, D. K. LarickAbstract:Volatile and sensory profiles were generated for extracts of cooked Chicken Fat obtained with supercritical carbon dioxide at 10.3 MPa, 20.7 MPa, and 31.0 MPa at 40°C. Volatiles (318 total) were quantitated and 77 were identified. Concentrations of total volatiles, 7 compound classes, and 63 individual compounds were affected by treatments, generally increasing with decreasing extraction pressure. All extracts had higher concentrations than unextracted control. Total volatiles were concentrated 12-fold. Six sensory notes differed by treatment. Chicken Fat aroma and flavor intensities were greater for all extracts than control and increased as pressure decreased. Total volatiles, 5 classes, and 42 individual compounds correlated with Chicken Fat aroma and/or flavor.
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Fractionation and characterization of extracts of Chicken Fat obtained with supercritical carbon dioxide
Food Flavors: Generation Analysis and Process Influence Proceedings of the 8th International Flavor Conference, 1995Co-Authors: Darrell L. Taylor, D. K. LarickAbstract:Abstract Cooked Chicken Fat was fractionated using supercritical CO2 at 40°C and each of three pressures, 10.3 MPa, 20.7 MPa, and 31.0 MPa. Fatty acid and volatile profiles were obtained via capillary gas chromatography and GC-mass spectrometry. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated Fatty acid concentrations (mg/g extract) increased with increasing extraction pressure. Total volatiles (ppm) increased with decreasing extraction pressure. The concentrations of branched hydrocarbons, enals, ketones, alcohols/phenols, and lactones were influenced by extraction pressure.