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Howard Dubowitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Child Neglect challenges and controversies
    2014
    Co-Authors: Laura J Proctor, Howard Dubowitz
    Abstract:

    Neglect is the most common form of Child maltreatment, with many short- and long-term physical, psychological and social consequences. Child Neglect poses challenges to researchers, policymakers and clinicians, due partly to the inherent difficulties in defining Neglect. One challenge concerns how to address a heterogeneous, multiply-determined phenomenon that often involves underlying systemic problems such as poverty. Similar challenges pertain to preventing Neglect. A shift in our policy and practice paradigm is needed; alternative response systems are a promising development. Other strategies are needed to tackle systemic problems that directly and indirectly harm Children. Thus, we need a combination of approaches to help ensure nurturing environments, to strengthen families and support parents, and thereby improve Children’s health, development and safety, and prevent Neglect.

  • the battered Child syndrome paper influence on the field of Child Neglect
    2013
    Co-Authors: Howard Dubowitz
    Abstract:

    This chapter considers how the seminal paper by Kempe and colleagues on “the battered Child” may have influenced our thinking and practice regarding Child Neglect. While the paper focused on severe physical abuse, the authors were careful to describe a spectrum of maltreatment that included Child Neglect. Curiously, the paper makes no mention of emotional deprivation as a form of Neglect, despite substantial earlier work on this topic.

  • Tackling Child Neglect: A Role for Pediatricians
    Pediatric clinics of North America, 2009
    Co-Authors: Howard Dubowitz
    Abstract:

    Child Neglect, the most prevalent form of maltreatment, poses challenges for pediatricians. There often is uncertainty regarding what constitutes Neglect and how best to address it. The complexity is compounded by the many ways Neglect can manifest. This article first discusses why Neglect is so important a concern and then provides definitional considerations and a description of forms of Neglect. Next presented are principles for assessing and addressing Neglect and suggestions for prevention and advocacy.

  • Failure to thrive as distinct from Child Neglect.
    Pediatrics, 2006
    Co-Authors: Maureen M. Black, Howard Dubowitz, Patrick H. Casey, Diana B. Cutts, Robert Drewett, Dennis Drotar, Deborah A. Frank, Robert J. Karp, Daniel B. Kessler, Alan Meyers
    Abstract:

    To the Editor .— As pediatricians and psychologists who have conducted research involving Children with failure to thrive (FTT) and/or treated literally thousands of Children with FTT, we wish to share our concerns regarding the report “Failure to Thrive as a Manifestation of Child Neglect”1 from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect and Committee on Nutrition. Six aspects of the report are particularly troubling. First, the report does not make it sufficiently clear that FTT as a manifestation of Child Neglect represents a minority of Children with FTT. We agree that, in some cases, FTT may be a marker of Neglect and that the diagnosis of abuse and/or Neglect should be considered if there is any history of “intentional withholding of food from the Child; strong beliefs in health and/or nutrition regimens that jeopardize a Child's well-being; and/or family that is resistant to recommended interventions despite multidisciplinary team approach.” Indeed, Children with both FTT and Neglect have lower cognitive skills initially and years after treatment …

  • Family connections: a program for preventing Child Neglect.
    Child maltreatment, 2005
    Co-Authors: Diane Depanfilis, Howard Dubowitz
    Abstract:

    Family Connections was a demonstration program specifically designed to prevent Child Neglect. This article describes the development of prevention strategies and the assessment of outcomes for families who received two versions of the intervention. The sample included 154 families (473 Children) in a poor, urban neighborhood who met risk criteria for Child Neglect and who were randomly assigned to receive either a 3- or 9-month intervention. Self-report and observational data were analyzed using analyses of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures. Results for the entire sample indicated positive changes in protective factors (parenting attitudes, parenting competence, social support); diminished risk factors (parental depressive symptoms, parenting stress, life stress); and improved Child safety (physical and psychological care of Children) and behavior (decreased externalizing and internalizing behavior). Results further reflected no advantage of the 9-month intervention for improving parenting adequacy. Further testing of the intervention with other target populations is being conducted.

Kristen S. Slack - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Understanding the risks of Child Neglect: an exploration of poverty and parenting characteristics
    Child maltreatment, 2004
    Co-Authors: Kristen S. Slack, Jane L. Holl, Joan P. Yoo, Marla Mcdaniel, Kerry E. Bolger
    Abstract:

    A strong association between poverty and Child Neglect has been established, but the mechanisms that explain this relationship have not been clearly articulated. This research takes advantage of survey and Child maltreatment administrative data about families with young Children and assesses the influence of poverty and parenting characteristics on subsequent Child Neglect. The authors find that indicators of poverty, such as perceived material hardship and infrequent employment, and parenting characteristics, such as low parental warmth, use of physical discipline, and allowing a Child to engage in frequent television viewing, are predictive of Child Neglect. Parenting characteristics do not appear to mediate the link between perceived hardship and Neglect, although they suppress the link between employment and Neglect. Results from this study provide information that is highly relevant to the approach and design of Child maltreatment prevention and intervention strategies.

  • Improving the measurement of Child Neglect for survey research: issues and recommendations.
    Child maltreatment, 2003
    Co-Authors: Kristen S. Slack, Jane L. Holl, Lisa Altenbernd, Maria Mcdaniel, Amy Bush Stevens
    Abstract:

    There is a great need for developing and validating measures of Child Neglect that can be applied to survey samples outside of a Child welfare context. A prospective assessment of Child Neglect would afford a better estimation of the etiology of various types of Child Neglect and would greatly inform the development of primary prevention strategies related to Child maltreatment. This article offers guidance on the tasks involved with constructing new measures of Neglect for prospective survey research. Methodological issues pertaining to Child Neglect measurement are discussed, and a framework is offered for developing Neglect measures for survey research. A discussion is also offered on how this framework is being applied in an ongoing longitudinal study of low-income families with young Children. The intended result of this exercise is to encourage the development of new Child Neglect measures for survey research with both high-risk and general populations.

Richard E. Heyman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Risk factors for Child Neglect
    Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2001
    Co-Authors: Julie A. Schumacher, Amy M. Smith Slep, Richard E. Heyman
    Abstract:

    Child Neglect is the most prevalent form of Child maltreatment in the US, yet it has received comparatively little research attention. This is no doubt in part due to difficulty defining and operationalizing the construct of Neglect. Despite these challenges, a small body of literature investigating risk factors for Child Neglect has accumulated. This paper reviews this literature, providing effect sizes when possible. Parental demographic, psychological, and behavioral characteristics as well as Child, family, and neighborhood factors are reviewed. Although few factors have been examined in more than one study, when taken together, the findings suggest that parental behavioral and psychological characteristics may have the largest relations to Neglect, and that limited socioeconomic resources are the most consistently documented risk factor for Neglect.

Robert J. Ursano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Deployment Status and Child Neglect Types in the U.S. Army.
    Child maltreatment, 2017
    Co-Authors: Stephen J. Cozza, Carol S. Fullerton, James E. Mccarroll, Gloria L Whaley, Joscelyn E. Fisher, Jing Zhou, Claudio D. Ortiz, Robert J. Ursano
    Abstract:

    Increases in combat deployments have been associated with rises in rates of Child Neglect in U.S. military families. Although various types of Child Neglect have been described in military families, it is unknown whether deployment status is associated with specific types of Child Neglect and whether other factors, such as substance misuse, play a role. To determine the contribution of service member deployment status to the risk of specific Child Neglect types, data were collected from 390 substantiated U.S. Army Child Neglect case files. The contributions of deployment status at the time of the Neglect incident and parental alcohol or drug-related misuse to risk of Neglect types were examined controlling for military family rank and Child age. Compared to never deployed families, families with a service member concurrently deployed at the time of the Neglect incident were at higher risk for failure to provide physical needs, lack of supervision, and educational Neglect, but at lower risk for emotional Neglect. Being previously deployed incurred risk for moral-legal Neglect. Substance misuse added risk for moral-legal and educational Neglect. Findings indicate the need for tailored prevention strategies to target different periods within the deployment cycle.

  • Child Neglect in Army families: a public health perspective
    Military medicine, 2011
    Co-Authors: Carol S. Fullerton, James E. Mccarroll, Margaret M. Feerick, Jodi B. A. Mckibben, Stephen J. Cozza, Robert J. Ursano
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACTMilitary families include 2.9 million people, with approximately 40% of all service members having at least one Child. Rates of Child Neglect in this population have increased in recent years, but little is known about the characteristics of the Neglect. To better identify targets for intervention, it is necessary that we refine our understanding of Child Neglect in the military. In this review, we examine definitions of Child Neglect and the specific definitions used by the U.S. Army. We identify domains of Neglect and caregiver behaviors and affiliated. We suggest that this approach can inform prevention efforts within the Institute of Medicine’s framework for preventive interventions. Understanding risk and protective factors in the military family are important to interventions for Child Neglect in military families.

Maureen M. Black - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Nutritional and growth issues related to Child Neglect.
    Pediatric annals, 2014
    Co-Authors: Maureen M. Black, Chloe R. Drennen
    Abstract:

    Child Neglect and obesity are major public health problems that undermine Children's health and contribute to lifelong disparities. Most of the past research has focused on relations between Child Neglect and failure to thrive. This article finds that evidence linking Child Neglect with obesity is mixed. In a recent meta-analysis, five of the eight studies reviewed did not find an increased risk of obesity among Neglected Children. The case study and three longitudinal studies that reported a relationship between Neglect and obesity were conducted among young Children, and used caregiver or teacher/clinician definitions of Neglect, rather than referrals to state protective service agencies. Dysregulation of the neuroendocrine system associated with Neglect has been implicated, but further research is needed to understand the mechanisms that may increase Children's risk for obesity. Findings suggest that under some conditions Neglect may increase the risk for excessive weight gain, and that high body mass index may be an indicator of possible Neglect. By exploring both possibilities, clinicians can promote Children's healthy growth and development and prevent subsequent health disparities.

  • Failure to thrive as distinct from Child Neglect.
    Pediatrics, 2006
    Co-Authors: Maureen M. Black, Howard Dubowitz, Patrick H. Casey, Diana B. Cutts, Robert Drewett, Dennis Drotar, Deborah A. Frank, Robert J. Karp, Daniel B. Kessler, Alan Meyers
    Abstract:

    To the Editor .— As pediatricians and psychologists who have conducted research involving Children with failure to thrive (FTT) and/or treated literally thousands of Children with FTT, we wish to share our concerns regarding the report “Failure to Thrive as a Manifestation of Child Neglect”1 from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect and Committee on Nutrition. Six aspects of the report are particularly troubling. First, the report does not make it sufficiently clear that FTT as a manifestation of Child Neglect represents a minority of Children with FTT. We agree that, in some cases, FTT may be a marker of Neglect and that the diagnosis of abuse and/or Neglect should be considered if there is any history of “intentional withholding of food from the Child; strong beliefs in health and/or nutrition regimens that jeopardize a Child's well-being; and/or family that is resistant to recommended interventions despite multidisciplinary team approach.” Indeed, Children with both FTT and Neglect have lower cognitive skills initially and years after treatment …

  • Fathers and Child Neglect
    Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2000
    Co-Authors: Howard Dubowitz, Maureen M. Black, Raymond H. Starr, Mia A. Kerr, Donna Harrington
    Abstract:

    Objective To examine the association between father involvement and Child Neglect. Design Cohort study. Setting Participants were recruited from an inner-city pediatric primary care clinic and a clinic for Children at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection in a teaching hospital. Participants Mothers and fathers or father figures, and 244 five-year olds participating in a longitudinal study. Main Outcome Measures Child Neglect measured via home observation, a videotaped mother-Child interaction, and Child protective services reports. Results A father or father figure was identified for 72% of the Children. Rates of Neglect ranged between 11% and 30%. Father absence alone was not associated with Neglect. However, in families with an identified and interviewed father, a longer duration of involvement ( P P P P Conclusions There is substantial involvement of fathers in a subset of this high-risk sample, although more than a quarter of the Children lacked a father or father figure. The mere presence of a father did not significantly influence the Neglect of the Children; rather, the nature of his involvement did. Fathers who felt more effective as parents were less likely to have Neglected their Children. A greater sense of efficacy may reflect parenting skills and be important in enhancing the contribution of fathers to their Children's well-being. Pediatric health care providers can play a valuable role in enhancing the involvement and skills of fathers.

  • A Conceptual Definition of Child Neglect
    Criminal Justice and Behavior, 1993
    Co-Authors: Howard Dubowitz, Maureen M. Black, Raymond H. Starr, Susan J. Zuravin
    Abstract:

    Although Child Neglect is the most common form of Child maltreatment, considerable confusion remains regarding its definition. A conceptual definition of Neglect is presented based on an ecological...