The Experts below are selected from a list of 153 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Marco Mazzotti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Solid Formation in Ammonia-based Processes for CO2 Capture - Turning a Challenge into an Opportunity
Energy Procedia, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel Sutter, Matteo Gazzani, José-francisco Pérez-calvo, Clemens Leopold, Federico Milella, Marco MazzottiAbstract:This article gives an overview of our holistic approach for the optimization of the Chilled Ammonia Process by (i) understanding the thermodynamics and kinetics of solid formation in the CO2-NH3-H2O system and finding criticalities with respect to solid formation in the Process, and by (ii) exploiting solid formation to reduce the energy penalty of CO2 capture by developing a new Process, the Controlled Solid Formation-Chilled Ammonia Process. Recent advances in the construction of phase diagrams as well as in the optimization of the new Process are highlighted.
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application of a Chilled Ammonia based Process for co2 capture to cement plants
Energy Procedia, 2017Co-Authors: Josefrancisco Perezcalvo, Daniel Sutter, Matteo Gazzani, Marco MazzottiAbstract:The Chilled Ammonia Process (CAP) is considered one of the most promising alternatives to amine-based absorption Processes for post-combustion carbon capture applied to power plants. This work provides an insight on the CAP adaptations required to meet the conditions found in the flue gas emitted in cement plants, where CO2 generation is inherent to the manufacturing Process. A rate-based model has been validated to simulate the CO2 absorber of the CAP for cement plant-like flue gas composition in order to obtain the Murphree efficiencies to be used in full CAP simulations in Aspen Plus. A preliminary minimum exergy need of 0.92 MJ/kgCO2 has been found for the CAP applied to the cement plant case making use of an optimization algorithm and capturing 85.2% of the emitted CO2. Higher temperatures (> 45 °C) are found in the CO2 absorber of the CAP when applied to cement plant-like flue gas conditions in comparison to the power plant case (< 40 °C), requiring a lower pumparound temperature in order to control the Ammonia slip in the CO2-depleted flue gas exiting the column.
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a low energy Chilled Ammonia Process exploiting controlled solid formation for post combustion co2 capture
Faraday Discussions, 2016Co-Authors: Daniel Sutter, Matteo Gazzani, Marco MazzottiAbstract:A new Ammonia-based Process for CO2 capture from flue gas has been developed, which utilizes the formation of solid ammonium bicarbonate to increase the CO2 concentration in the regeneration section of the Process. Precipitation, separation, and dissolution of the solid phase are realized in a dedicated Process section, while the packed absorption and desorption columns remain free of solids. Additionally, the CO2 wash section applies solid formation to enable a reduction of the wash water consumption. A rigorous performance assessment employing the SPECCA index (Specific Primary Energy Consumption for CO2 Avoided) has been implemented to allow for a comparison of the overall energy penalty between the new Process and a standard Ammonia-based capture Process without solid formation. A thorough understanding of the relevant solid–solid–liquid–vapor phase equilibria and an accurate modeling of them have enabled the synthesis of the Process, and have inspired the development of the optimization algorithm used to screen a wide range of operating conditions in equilibrium-based Process simulations. Under the assumptions on which the analysis is based, the new Process with controlled solid formation achieved a SPECCA of 2.43 MJ kgCO2−1, corresponding to a reduction of 17% compared to the Process without solid formation (with a SPECCA of 2.93 MJ kgCO2−1). Ways forward to confirm this significant improvement, and to increase the accuracy of the optimization are also discussed.
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kinetics of solid formation in the Chilled Ammonia system and implications for a 2nd generation Process
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: Daniel Sutter, Matteo Gazzani, Marco MazzottiAbstract:Abstract The Chilled Ammonia Process is a mature post-combustion CO2 capture Process. The formation of solids in the Process at high CO2 and NH3 concentrations was already described in the original patent, but is relatively poorly understood and difficult to explore experimentally. Thermodynamic properties that complicate the experimental investigation, such as the high vapor pressures of CO2 and NH3 and the resulting incongruent solubility as well as the fast decomposition of the solids, are discussed in this work. Preliminary results for the metastable zone width and for nucleation kinetics in the ammonium bicarbonate/water system are presented. The solubility of ammonium bicarbonate derived from dissolution experiments is close to the historical literature values and an explanation for the slight deviation is discussed.
Daniel Sutter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of Technologies for CO2 Capture from Cement Production—Part 2: Cost Analysis
Energies, 2019Co-Authors: Stefania Osk Gardarsdottir, José-francisco Pérez-calvo, Mari Voldsund, Edoardo De Lena, Matteo C. Romano, Simon Roussanaly, David Berstad, Chao Fu, Rahul Anantharaman, Daniel SutterAbstract:This paper presents an assessment of the cost performance of CO2 capture technologies when retrofitted to a cement plant: MEA-based absorption, oxyfuel, Chilled Ammonia-based absorption (Chilled Ammonia Process), membrane-assisted CO2 liquefaction, and calcium looping. While the technical basis for this study is presented in Part 1 of this paper series, this work presents a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of these CO2 capture technologies based on a capital and operating costs evaluation for retrofit in a cement plant. The cost of the cement plant product, clinker, is shown to increase with 49 to 92% compared to the cost of clinker without capture. The cost of CO2 avoided is between 42 €/tCO2 (for the oxyfuel-based capture Process) and 84 €/tCO2 (for the membrane-based assisted liquefaction capture Process), while the reference MEA-based absorption capture technology has a cost of 80 €/tCO2. Notably, the cost figures depend strongly on factors such as steam source, electricity mix, electricity price, fuel price and plant-specific characteristics. Hence, this confirms the conclusion of the technical evaluation in Part 1 that for final selection of CO2 capture technology at a specific plant, a plant-specific techno-economic evaluation should be performed, also considering more practical considerations.
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Solid Formation in Ammonia-based Processes for CO2 Capture - Turning a Challenge into an Opportunity
Energy Procedia, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel Sutter, Matteo Gazzani, José-francisco Pérez-calvo, Clemens Leopold, Federico Milella, Marco MazzottiAbstract:This article gives an overview of our holistic approach for the optimization of the Chilled Ammonia Process by (i) understanding the thermodynamics and kinetics of solid formation in the CO2-NH3-H2O system and finding criticalities with respect to solid formation in the Process, and by (ii) exploiting solid formation to reduce the energy penalty of CO2 capture by developing a new Process, the Controlled Solid Formation-Chilled Ammonia Process. Recent advances in the construction of phase diagrams as well as in the optimization of the new Process are highlighted.
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application of a Chilled Ammonia based Process for co2 capture to cement plants
Energy Procedia, 2017Co-Authors: Josefrancisco Perezcalvo, Daniel Sutter, Matteo Gazzani, Marco MazzottiAbstract:The Chilled Ammonia Process (CAP) is considered one of the most promising alternatives to amine-based absorption Processes for post-combustion carbon capture applied to power plants. This work provides an insight on the CAP adaptations required to meet the conditions found in the flue gas emitted in cement plants, where CO2 generation is inherent to the manufacturing Process. A rate-based model has been validated to simulate the CO2 absorber of the CAP for cement plant-like flue gas composition in order to obtain the Murphree efficiencies to be used in full CAP simulations in Aspen Plus. A preliminary minimum exergy need of 0.92 MJ/kgCO2 has been found for the CAP applied to the cement plant case making use of an optimization algorithm and capturing 85.2% of the emitted CO2. Higher temperatures (> 45 °C) are found in the CO2 absorber of the CAP when applied to cement plant-like flue gas conditions in comparison to the power plant case (< 40 °C), requiring a lower pumparound temperature in order to control the Ammonia slip in the CO2-depleted flue gas exiting the column.
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a low energy Chilled Ammonia Process exploiting controlled solid formation for post combustion co2 capture
Faraday Discussions, 2016Co-Authors: Daniel Sutter, Matteo Gazzani, Marco MazzottiAbstract:A new Ammonia-based Process for CO2 capture from flue gas has been developed, which utilizes the formation of solid ammonium bicarbonate to increase the CO2 concentration in the regeneration section of the Process. Precipitation, separation, and dissolution of the solid phase are realized in a dedicated Process section, while the packed absorption and desorption columns remain free of solids. Additionally, the CO2 wash section applies solid formation to enable a reduction of the wash water consumption. A rigorous performance assessment employing the SPECCA index (Specific Primary Energy Consumption for CO2 Avoided) has been implemented to allow for a comparison of the overall energy penalty between the new Process and a standard Ammonia-based capture Process without solid formation. A thorough understanding of the relevant solid–solid–liquid–vapor phase equilibria and an accurate modeling of them have enabled the synthesis of the Process, and have inspired the development of the optimization algorithm used to screen a wide range of operating conditions in equilibrium-based Process simulations. Under the assumptions on which the analysis is based, the new Process with controlled solid formation achieved a SPECCA of 2.43 MJ kgCO2−1, corresponding to a reduction of 17% compared to the Process without solid formation (with a SPECCA of 2.93 MJ kgCO2−1). Ways forward to confirm this significant improvement, and to increase the accuracy of the optimization are also discussed.
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kinetics of solid formation in the Chilled Ammonia system and implications for a 2nd generation Process
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: Daniel Sutter, Matteo Gazzani, Marco MazzottiAbstract:Abstract The Chilled Ammonia Process is a mature post-combustion CO2 capture Process. The formation of solids in the Process at high CO2 and NH3 concentrations was already described in the original patent, but is relatively poorly understood and difficult to explore experimentally. Thermodynamic properties that complicate the experimental investigation, such as the high vapor pressures of CO2 and NH3 and the resulting incongruent solubility as well as the fast decomposition of the solids, are discussed in this work. Preliminary results for the metastable zone width and for nucleation kinetics in the ammonium bicarbonate/water system are presented. The solubility of ammonium bicarbonate derived from dissolution experiments is close to the historical literature values and an explanation for the slight deviation is discussed.
Ennio Macchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alternative layouts for the carbon capture with the Chilled Ammonia Process
Energy Procedia, 2013Co-Authors: Gianluca Valenti, Kaj Thomsen, Davide Bonalumi, Philip Loldrup Fosbol, Ennio Macchi, Dominicc GattiAbstract:Abstract Many alternatives are being investigated for the carbon capture, but none appears to have been proved as the choice for full-scale applications. This work considers the Chilled Ammonia Process for coal-fired Ultra Super Critical power plants. Three layouts are simulated with Aspen Plus and the Extended UNIQUAC thermodynamic model. Compared to a traditional layout, stripping of the wash water of the absorber or, better, splitting the rich solution between the middle and the top of the column limits greatly the Ammonia slip. Moreover, splitting the regeneration over two levels reduces substantially the electric loss due to stream extraction from the turbine. The simulations show that the net electric efficiency drops from 45.5% to 33.5-34.5%, the SPECCA index is 3.8-4.3 MJth kgCO2–1 and the heat duties are 2.7-2.9 MJth kgCO2–1. The performances may improve greatly upon optimization of the parameters.
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a parametric investigation of the Chilled Ammonia Process from energy and economic perspectives
Fuel, 2012Co-Authors: Gianluca Valenti, Davide Bonalumi, Ennio MacchiAbstract:Abstract As carbon dioxide anthropogenic generation and climate change appear to be correlated, carbon capture becomes advisable, in particular if applied to coal-fired power plants. The Chilled Ammonia Process (CAP) is a promising technology to be proved for the purpose. Continuing an ongoing study, this work examines the integration of Ultra Super Critical (USC) power plants with CAP, conducting a parametric investigation on the design parameters of the capture block in order to find the optimum from an energy perspective, analyzing then in details the power block and estimating ultimately the overall investment and annual costs. The commercial code Aspen Plus and the in-house research code GS are employed. The index SPECCA is adopted as preferred figure of merit of the global performance. With respect to a reference plant of 758 MWe net electric production at 45.2% net electric efficiency, the carbon capture of 88.4% of the generated CO2 reduces the net electrical power by 19% and the net electrical efficiency by 8.6% points. The optimum SPECCA is 3.22 MJ / kg CO 2 and the corresponding specific heat duty to the reboiler is 2.46 MJ / kg CO 2 . Finally, despite the investment cost of the capture block is about 15% of the power block, the cost of electricity increases from 59.9 to 82.4 €/MWhe because of the net electric efficiency penalty, the additional operation and maintenance costs as well as the consumable costs. The resulting cost of avoided CO2 is 38.6 € / t CO 2 . For comparison, the European Benchmark Task Force (EBTF) computes for conventional MEA a SPECCA of more than 4 MJ / kg CO 2 , a cost of electricity of approximately 92 €/MWhe and a cost of avoided CO2 of about 51 € / t CO 2 .
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modeling of ultra super critical power plants integrated with the Chilled Ammonia Process
Energy Procedia, 2011Co-Authors: Gianluca Valenti, Davide Bonalumi, Ennio MacchiAbstract:Abstract As carbon dioxide anthropogenic generation and climate change appear to be correlated, carbon capture becomes necessary, in particular if applied to coal-fired power plants. The Chilled Ammonia Process (CAP) is a promising technology to be proved for the purpose. This work investigates the integration of Ultra Super Critical (USC) power plants with CAP, conducting a parametric investigation on the design parameters to find the optimum and analyzing then on the details of the power block. The commercial code Aspen Plus and the in-house research code GS are employed. With respect to a reference plant, carbon capture reduces the net electrical power by 19% and the net electrical efficiency by 8.5 percent points. The performance index SPECCA is also utilized. The optimum SPECCA is 3.18 MJ/kg CO 2 , which is to be compared to 4.2 MJ/kg CO 2 for conventional amine.
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energy and exergy analyses for the carbon capture with the Chilled Ammonia Process cap
Energy Procedia, 2009Co-Authors: Gianluca Valenti, Davide Bonalumi, Ennio MacchiAbstract:Abstract Post-combustion carbon capture in existing power plants is a strategic technology that can reduce emissions from power generation. The proven approach is scrubbing with amines. However, its drawbacks are energy requirement, 3 to 5 MJ per kg of captured CO 2 , as well as solution corrosion and solvent degradation. An alternative approach is scrubbing with Chilled aqueous Ammonia. This technology aims at mitigating energy usage and solving corrosion and degradation issues. Here an approximate model of the CO 2 - H 2 O- NH 3 system is coupled with a proposed Process to evaluate mass, energy and entropy flows. For 1 kg of captured CO 2 , the simulation yields a steam extraction of 0.59 kg, equivalent to a heat duty exceeding slightly 1.5 MJ and a generation loss approaching closely 0.1 kWh, an auxiliary consumption of 0.1 kWh and a delta of almost 0.18 kWh with respect to the ideal case. Assuming a cost of electricity of 7c/kWh, the sole operation of the capture system totals 14C/ton_ CO 2 .
Gary Spitznogle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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CCS with the Alstom Chilled Ammonia Process development program–Field pilot results
Energy Procedia, 2020Co-Authors: Vauhini Telikapalli, Fred Kozak, Brian Sherrick, Jody Black, Dave Muraskin, Matt Cage, Mike Hammond, Jean Francois, Gary SpitznogleAbstract:Abstract Power generation is one of the biggest sources of man-made carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, the main anthropologic greenhouse gas. As the combustion of fossil fuels generates CO2 emissions, new technologies are required to enable the power sector to continue to meet the global demand for electric power, while controlling the CO2 emissions that contribute to global warming. To achieve meaningful reductions, it will be necessary to develop technologies that can be applied to both greenfield projects and to the existing fleet through cost effective retrofits. Among those technologies under development, Post-Combustion Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) using the Chilled Ammonia Process (CAP) technology is one of the more promising solutions. Testing and technology development for CAP has been completed at the We Energies Field Pilot and is underway at the E.ON Karlshamn and AEP Mountaineer facilities. This paper will report on the progress being made at those three facilities and describe how the data being generated is contributing to the commercial scale-up of the technology. The current status of these facilities is as follows: • The We Energies Field Pilot, designed to capture over 15,000 metric tonnes/year of CO2, commenced operations in June 2008 and was operated through October 2009. This first of a kind Proof of Concept unit demonstrated that CAP could be applied to coal fired applications. • The E.ON Karlshamn Field Pilot, designed to capture over 15,000 metric tonnes/year of CO2, was commissioned in April of 2009 and captures CO2 emissions from a boiler combusting a high sulfur fuel oil. • The Product Validation Facility (PVF) at American Electric Power (AEP)’s coal-fired Mountaineer Power Plant, inaugurated in September 2009, is designed to capture and store 100,000 metric tonnes/year of CO2. The Chilled Ammonia Product Validation Facility treats a flue gas slipstream taken from a location downstream of Mountaineer’s existing selective catalytic reduction (SCR), electrostatic precipitator (ESP), and wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) systems. Deployment of a CAP facility in this configuration represents a significant step in the technology scale-up Process. This project scope includes CO2 capture, compression, and storage in two geologic reservoirs with injection wellheads located on the plant property. AEP worked with Battelle to develop the geologic storage system. This paper describes the Chilled Ammonia Process Development Program and provides an update on the CO2 capture pilot plants status including the AEP Mountaineer Product Validation Facility.
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CCS with the alstom Chilled Ammonia Process development program- Field pilot results
Energy Procedia, 2011Co-Authors: Vauhini Telikapalli, Fred Kozak, Jean Francois Leandri, Brian Sherrick, Jody Black, Dave Muraskin, Matt Cage, Mike Hammond, Gary SpitznogleAbstract:Power generation is one of the biggest sources of man-made carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, the main anthropologic greenhouse gas. As the combustion of fossil fuels generates CO2 emissions, new technologies are required to enable the power sector to continue to meet the global demand for electric power, while controlling the CO2 emissions that contribute to global warming. To achieve meaningful reductions, it will be necessary to develop technologies that can be applied to both greenfield projects and to the existing fleet through cost effective retrofits. Among those technologies under development, Post-Combustion Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) using the Chilled Ammonia Process (CAP) technology is one of the more promising solutions. Testing and technology development for CAP has been completed at the We Energies Field Pilot and is underway at the E.ON Karlshamn and AEP Mountaineer facilities. This paper will report on the progress being made at those three facilities and describe how the data being generated is contributing to the commercial scale-up of the technology. The current status of these facilities is as follows: • The We Energies Field Pilot, designed to capture over 15,000 metric tonnes/year of CO2, commenced operations in June 2008 and was operated through October 2009. This first of a kind Proof of Concept unit demonstrated that CAP could be applied to coal fired applications. • The E.ON Karlshamn Field Pilot, designed to capture over 15,000 metric tonnes/year of CO2, was commissioned in April of 2009 and captures CO2 emissions from a boiler combusting a high sulfur fuel oil. • The Product Validation Facility (PVF) at American Electric Power (AEP)'s coal-fired Mountaineer Power Plant, inaugurated in September 2009, is designed to capture and store 100,000 metric tonnes/year of CO2. The Chilled Ammonia Product Validation Facility treats a flue gas slipstream taken from a location downstream of Mountaineer's existing selective catalytic reduction (SCR), electrostatic precipitator (ESP), and wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) systems. Deployment of a CAP facility in this configuration represents a significant step in the technology scale-up Process. This project scope includes CO2 capture, compression, and storage in two geologic reservoirs with injection wellheads located on the plant property. AEP worked with Battelle to develop the geologic storage system. This paper describes the Chilled Ammonia Process Development Program and provides an update on the CO2 capture pilot plants status including the AEP Mountaineer Product Validation Facility. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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ccs with the alstom Chilled Ammonia Process development program field pilot results
Energy Procedia, 2011Co-Authors: Vauhini Telikapalli, Fred Kozak, Brian Sherrick, Jody Black, Dave Muraskin, Matt Cage, Mike Hammond, Jean Francois, Gary SpitznogleAbstract:Abstract Power generation is one of the biggest sources of man-made carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, the main anthropologic greenhouse gas. As the combustion of fossil fuels generates CO2 emissions, new technologies are required to enable the power sector to continue to meet the global demand for electric power, while controlling the CO2 emissions that contribute to global warming. To achieve meaningful reductions, it will be necessary to develop technologies that can be applied to both greenfield projects and to the existing fleet through cost effective retrofits. Among those technologies under development, Post-Combustion Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) using the Chilled Ammonia Process (CAP) technology is one of the more promising solutions. Testing and technology development for CAP has been completed at the We Energies Field Pilot and is underway at the E.ON Karlshamn and AEP Mountaineer facilities. This paper will report on the progress being made at those three facilities and describe how the data being generated is contributing to the commercial scale-up of the technology. The current status of these facilities is as follows: • The We Energies Field Pilot, designed to capture over 15,000 metric tonnes/year of CO2, commenced operations in June 2008 and was operated through October 2009. This first of a kind Proof of Concept unit demonstrated that CAP could be applied to coal fired applications. • The E.ON Karlshamn Field Pilot, designed to capture over 15,000 metric tonnes/year of CO2, was commissioned in April of 2009 and captures CO2 emissions from a boiler combusting a high sulfur fuel oil. • The Product Validation Facility (PVF) at American Electric Power (AEP)’s coal-fired Mountaineer Power Plant, inaugurated in September 2009, is designed to capture and store 100,000 metric tonnes/year of CO2. The Chilled Ammonia Product Validation Facility treats a flue gas slipstream taken from a location downstream of Mountaineer’s existing selective catalytic reduction (SCR), electrostatic precipitator (ESP), and wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) systems. Deployment of a CAP facility in this configuration represents a significant step in the technology scale-up Process. This project scope includes CO2 capture, compression, and storage in two geologic reservoirs with injection wellheads located on the plant property. AEP worked with Battelle to develop the geologic storage system. This paper describes the Chilled Ammonia Process Development Program and provides an update on the CO2 capture pilot plants status including the AEP Mountaineer Product Validation Facility.
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CCS with Alstom ’ s Chilled Ammonia Process at AEP ’ s Mountaineer Plant
Power, 2010Co-Authors: Brian Sherrick, Gary Spitznogle, Mike Hammond, Sean Black, Matt CageAbstract:Alstom and American Electric Power are jointly participating in the installation of a carbon dioxide (CO2) capture Product Validation Facility at AEPs Mountaineer Power Plant. The CO2 capture technology to be installed at Mountaineer is Alstoms Chilled Ammonia Process; AEP is also working with Battelle to develop a saline formation geologic storage system. The Product Validation Facility is approximately 20 megawatt electric (MWe) in size and involves the treatment of a slipstream of combustion flue gases from an existing coal-fired boiler. A flue gas slipstream will be taken from a location downstream of the Mountaineers existing selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) systems. The project is presently in the engineering design phase with scope that includes CO2 capture, compression, and storage in two geologic reservoirs with injection wellheads located on the plant property. The following paper summarizes Alstoms Chilled Ammonia Process technology and describes the scope and objectives of the CO2 Capture Product Validation Facility and Geologic Storage Project.
Gianluca Valenti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alternative layouts for the carbon capture with the Chilled Ammonia Process
Energy Procedia, 2013Co-Authors: Gianluca Valenti, Kaj Thomsen, Davide Bonalumi, Philip Loldrup Fosbol, Ennio Macchi, Dominicc GattiAbstract:Abstract Many alternatives are being investigated for the carbon capture, but none appears to have been proved as the choice for full-scale applications. This work considers the Chilled Ammonia Process for coal-fired Ultra Super Critical power plants. Three layouts are simulated with Aspen Plus and the Extended UNIQUAC thermodynamic model. Compared to a traditional layout, stripping of the wash water of the absorber or, better, splitting the rich solution between the middle and the top of the column limits greatly the Ammonia slip. Moreover, splitting the regeneration over two levels reduces substantially the electric loss due to stream extraction from the turbine. The simulations show that the net electric efficiency drops from 45.5% to 33.5-34.5%, the SPECCA index is 3.8-4.3 MJth kgCO2–1 and the heat duties are 2.7-2.9 MJth kgCO2–1. The performances may improve greatly upon optimization of the parameters.
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a parametric investigation of the Chilled Ammonia Process from energy and economic perspectives
Fuel, 2012Co-Authors: Gianluca Valenti, Davide Bonalumi, Ennio MacchiAbstract:Abstract As carbon dioxide anthropogenic generation and climate change appear to be correlated, carbon capture becomes advisable, in particular if applied to coal-fired power plants. The Chilled Ammonia Process (CAP) is a promising technology to be proved for the purpose. Continuing an ongoing study, this work examines the integration of Ultra Super Critical (USC) power plants with CAP, conducting a parametric investigation on the design parameters of the capture block in order to find the optimum from an energy perspective, analyzing then in details the power block and estimating ultimately the overall investment and annual costs. The commercial code Aspen Plus and the in-house research code GS are employed. The index SPECCA is adopted as preferred figure of merit of the global performance. With respect to a reference plant of 758 MWe net electric production at 45.2% net electric efficiency, the carbon capture of 88.4% of the generated CO2 reduces the net electrical power by 19% and the net electrical efficiency by 8.6% points. The optimum SPECCA is 3.22 MJ / kg CO 2 and the corresponding specific heat duty to the reboiler is 2.46 MJ / kg CO 2 . Finally, despite the investment cost of the capture block is about 15% of the power block, the cost of electricity increases from 59.9 to 82.4 €/MWhe because of the net electric efficiency penalty, the additional operation and maintenance costs as well as the consumable costs. The resulting cost of avoided CO2 is 38.6 € / t CO 2 . For comparison, the European Benchmark Task Force (EBTF) computes for conventional MEA a SPECCA of more than 4 MJ / kg CO 2 , a cost of electricity of approximately 92 €/MWhe and a cost of avoided CO2 of about 51 € / t CO 2 .
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modeling of ultra super critical power plants integrated with the Chilled Ammonia Process
Energy Procedia, 2011Co-Authors: Gianluca Valenti, Davide Bonalumi, Ennio MacchiAbstract:Abstract As carbon dioxide anthropogenic generation and climate change appear to be correlated, carbon capture becomes necessary, in particular if applied to coal-fired power plants. The Chilled Ammonia Process (CAP) is a promising technology to be proved for the purpose. This work investigates the integration of Ultra Super Critical (USC) power plants with CAP, conducting a parametric investigation on the design parameters to find the optimum and analyzing then on the details of the power block. The commercial code Aspen Plus and the in-house research code GS are employed. With respect to a reference plant, carbon capture reduces the net electrical power by 19% and the net electrical efficiency by 8.5 percent points. The performance index SPECCA is also utilized. The optimum SPECCA is 3.18 MJ/kg CO 2 , which is to be compared to 4.2 MJ/kg CO 2 for conventional amine.
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energy and exergy analyses for the carbon capture with the Chilled Ammonia Process cap
Energy Procedia, 2009Co-Authors: Gianluca Valenti, Davide Bonalumi, Ennio MacchiAbstract:Abstract Post-combustion carbon capture in existing power plants is a strategic technology that can reduce emissions from power generation. The proven approach is scrubbing with amines. However, its drawbacks are energy requirement, 3 to 5 MJ per kg of captured CO 2 , as well as solution corrosion and solvent degradation. An alternative approach is scrubbing with Chilled aqueous Ammonia. This technology aims at mitigating energy usage and solving corrosion and degradation issues. Here an approximate model of the CO 2 - H 2 O- NH 3 system is coupled with a proposed Process to evaluate mass, energy and entropy flows. For 1 kg of captured CO 2 , the simulation yields a steam extraction of 0.59 kg, equivalent to a heat duty exceeding slightly 1.5 MJ and a generation loss approaching closely 0.1 kWh, an auxiliary consumption of 0.1 kWh and a delta of almost 0.18 kWh with respect to the ideal case. Assuming a cost of electricity of 7c/kWh, the sole operation of the capture system totals 14C/ton_ CO 2 .