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Patricia E. Burrows - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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superiority of pentobarbital versus Chloral Hydrate for sedation in infants during imaging
Radiology, 2004Co-Authors: Keira P Mason, Pamela A Sanborn, Victoria E Karian, Paulette J Fontaine, Linda O'connor, David Zurakowski, Patricia E. BurrowsAbstract:PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness and safety of oral pentobarbital and oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation in infants younger than 1 year during magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A computerized database was used to collect information about all cases in which sedation was used. Outcomes of all infants who received oral pentobarbital or oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation between 1997 and 2002 were reviewed. Two study groups were compared for sedation and discharge times by using Student t test and for adverse events by using Fisher exact test and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Infants (n = 1,316) received an oral medication for sedation. Mean doses were 50 mg/kg Chloral Hydrate and 4 mg/kg pentobarbital. Student t test demonstrated no difference in mean time to sedation and in time to discharge between groups. Overall adverse event rate during sedation was lower with pentobarbital (0.5%) than with Chloral Hydrate (2.7%) (P <.001). There were fewer episodes of oxygen desaturation with pentobarbital (0.2%) than with Chloral Hydrate (1.6%) (P <.01). Both medications were equally effective in providing successful sedation. CONCLUSION: Although oral pentobarbital and oral Chloral Hydrate are equally effective, the incidence of adverse events with pentobarbital was significantly reduced.
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superiority of pentobarbital versus Chloral Hydrate for sedation in infants during imaging
Radiology, 2004Co-Authors: Keira P Mason, Pamela A Sanborn, Victoria E Karian, Paulette J Fontaine, Linda O'connor, David Zurakowski, Patricia E. BurrowsAbstract:PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness and safety of oral pentobarbital and oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation in infants younger than 1 year during magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A computerized database was used to collect information about all cases in which sedation was used. Outcomes of all infants who received oral pentobarbital or oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation between 1997 and 2002 were reviewed. Two study groups were compared for sedation and discharge times by using Student t test and for adverse events by using Fisher exact test and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Infants (n = 1,316) received an oral medication for sedation. Mean doses were 50 mg/kg Chloral Hydrate and 4 mg/kg pentobarbital. Student t test demonstrated no difference in mean time to sedation and in time to discharge between groups. Overall adverse event rate during sedation was lower with pentobarbital (0.5%) than with Chloral Hydrate (2.7%) (P < .001). There ...
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comparison of oral pentobarbital sodium nembutal and oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation of infants during radiologic imaging preliminary results
American Journal of Roentgenology, 2003Co-Authors: Veronica Rooks, Linda O'connor, Keira P Mason, David Zurakowski, Taylor Chung, Frederic A Hoffer, Patricia E. BurrowsAbstract:OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of oral cherry-flavored pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal) and oral Chloral Hydrate to sedate infants undergoing radiologic imaging.SUBJECTS AND METHODS. We prospectively recorded data for all infants sedated with oral cherry-flavored pentobarbital sodium and oral Chloral Hydrate for imaging examinations between January 1997 and August 1999. The parameters recorded were each patient's age, weight, and American Society of Anesthesiologists classification; the time required to sedate; the total length of sedation time; the time required to discharge from the recovery room; and adverse events. The two-sample Student's t test and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis.RESULTS. Oral pentobarbital sodium was administered to 317 infants. These infants had a mean age ± SD of 6.9 ± 3.1 months and a mean weight of 7.8 ± 4.8 kg; they received a median dose of 4 mg/kg of body weight. Oral Chloral Hydrate was administered to 358 i...
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the use of oral pentobarbital sodium nembutal versus oral Chloral Hydrate in infants undergoing ct and mr imaging a pilot study
Pediatric Radiology, 2000Co-Authors: Taylor Chung, David Zurakowski, Linda O'connor, Frederic A Hoffer, Patricia E. BurrowsAbstract:Background. Chloral Hydrate, a commonly used oral sedative for infants undergoing imaging examinations, has a bitter taste and requires relatively large volume, provoking unpleasant reactions from the infants. Experience with an alternative sedative, oral pentobarbital (Nembutal), has not been reported for infants Objective. To compare patient acceptance of oral Nembutal and oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation of infants up to 12 months of age. Methods and materials. Fifty-four infants (mean age: 7 months) were prospectively enrolled. Parents chose Nembutal, Chloral Hydrate, or no preference. Thirty-eight infants received Nembutal (4–6 mg/kg) mixed with cherry syrup and 16 received Chloral Hydrate (50–100 mg/kg). We recorded infant's acceptance of sedative, parental impression of infant's acceptance, time to sedation, time to discharge, adverse effects, parental preference of future sedative. Results. Infant acceptance and parental impression were better for Nembutal (P < 0.0001). Fewer parents in the Nembutal group preferred another sedative (P = 0.05). There was a trend toward shorter time to discharge with Nembutal (P = 0.03). There were no adverse effects in either group. One infant failed to sedate with Nembutal. Conclusions. Compared with Chloral Hydrate, oral Nembutal has significantly better acceptance by infants and parents, equal effectiveness, and may result in a shorter time to discharge.
Linda O'connor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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superiority of pentobarbital versus Chloral Hydrate for sedation in infants during imaging
Radiology, 2004Co-Authors: Keira P Mason, Pamela A Sanborn, Victoria E Karian, Paulette J Fontaine, Linda O'connor, David Zurakowski, Patricia E. BurrowsAbstract:PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness and safety of oral pentobarbital and oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation in infants younger than 1 year during magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A computerized database was used to collect information about all cases in which sedation was used. Outcomes of all infants who received oral pentobarbital or oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation between 1997 and 2002 were reviewed. Two study groups were compared for sedation and discharge times by using Student t test and for adverse events by using Fisher exact test and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Infants (n = 1,316) received an oral medication for sedation. Mean doses were 50 mg/kg Chloral Hydrate and 4 mg/kg pentobarbital. Student t test demonstrated no difference in mean time to sedation and in time to discharge between groups. Overall adverse event rate during sedation was lower with pentobarbital (0.5%) than with Chloral Hydrate (2.7%) (P <.001). There were fewer episodes of oxygen desaturation with pentobarbital (0.2%) than with Chloral Hydrate (1.6%) (P <.01). Both medications were equally effective in providing successful sedation. CONCLUSION: Although oral pentobarbital and oral Chloral Hydrate are equally effective, the incidence of adverse events with pentobarbital was significantly reduced.
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superiority of pentobarbital versus Chloral Hydrate for sedation in infants during imaging
Radiology, 2004Co-Authors: Keira P Mason, Pamela A Sanborn, Victoria E Karian, Paulette J Fontaine, Linda O'connor, David Zurakowski, Patricia E. BurrowsAbstract:PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness and safety of oral pentobarbital and oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation in infants younger than 1 year during magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A computerized database was used to collect information about all cases in which sedation was used. Outcomes of all infants who received oral pentobarbital or oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation between 1997 and 2002 were reviewed. Two study groups were compared for sedation and discharge times by using Student t test and for adverse events by using Fisher exact test and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Infants (n = 1,316) received an oral medication for sedation. Mean doses were 50 mg/kg Chloral Hydrate and 4 mg/kg pentobarbital. Student t test demonstrated no difference in mean time to sedation and in time to discharge between groups. Overall adverse event rate during sedation was lower with pentobarbital (0.5%) than with Chloral Hydrate (2.7%) (P < .001). There ...
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comparison of oral pentobarbital sodium nembutal and oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation of infants during radiologic imaging preliminary results
American Journal of Roentgenology, 2003Co-Authors: Veronica Rooks, Linda O'connor, Keira P Mason, David Zurakowski, Taylor Chung, Frederic A Hoffer, Patricia E. BurrowsAbstract:OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of oral cherry-flavored pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal) and oral Chloral Hydrate to sedate infants undergoing radiologic imaging.SUBJECTS AND METHODS. We prospectively recorded data for all infants sedated with oral cherry-flavored pentobarbital sodium and oral Chloral Hydrate for imaging examinations between January 1997 and August 1999. The parameters recorded were each patient's age, weight, and American Society of Anesthesiologists classification; the time required to sedate; the total length of sedation time; the time required to discharge from the recovery room; and adverse events. The two-sample Student's t test and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis.RESULTS. Oral pentobarbital sodium was administered to 317 infants. These infants had a mean age ± SD of 6.9 ± 3.1 months and a mean weight of 7.8 ± 4.8 kg; they received a median dose of 4 mg/kg of body weight. Oral Chloral Hydrate was administered to 358 i...
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the use of oral pentobarbital sodium nembutal versus oral Chloral Hydrate in infants undergoing ct and mr imaging a pilot study
Pediatric Radiology, 2000Co-Authors: Taylor Chung, David Zurakowski, Linda O'connor, Frederic A Hoffer, Patricia E. BurrowsAbstract:Background. Chloral Hydrate, a commonly used oral sedative for infants undergoing imaging examinations, has a bitter taste and requires relatively large volume, provoking unpleasant reactions from the infants. Experience with an alternative sedative, oral pentobarbital (Nembutal), has not been reported for infants Objective. To compare patient acceptance of oral Nembutal and oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation of infants up to 12 months of age. Methods and materials. Fifty-four infants (mean age: 7 months) were prospectively enrolled. Parents chose Nembutal, Chloral Hydrate, or no preference. Thirty-eight infants received Nembutal (4–6 mg/kg) mixed with cherry syrup and 16 received Chloral Hydrate (50–100 mg/kg). We recorded infant's acceptance of sedative, parental impression of infant's acceptance, time to sedation, time to discharge, adverse effects, parental preference of future sedative. Results. Infant acceptance and parental impression were better for Nembutal (P < 0.0001). Fewer parents in the Nembutal group preferred another sedative (P = 0.05). There was a trend toward shorter time to discharge with Nembutal (P = 0.03). There were no adverse effects in either group. One infant failed to sedate with Nembutal. Conclusions. Compared with Chloral Hydrate, oral Nembutal has significantly better acceptance by infants and parents, equal effectiveness, and may result in a shorter time to discharge.
David Zurakowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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superiority of pentobarbital versus Chloral Hydrate for sedation in infants during imaging
Radiology, 2004Co-Authors: Keira P Mason, Pamela A Sanborn, Victoria E Karian, Paulette J Fontaine, Linda O'connor, David Zurakowski, Patricia E. BurrowsAbstract:PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness and safety of oral pentobarbital and oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation in infants younger than 1 year during magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A computerized database was used to collect information about all cases in which sedation was used. Outcomes of all infants who received oral pentobarbital or oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation between 1997 and 2002 were reviewed. Two study groups were compared for sedation and discharge times by using Student t test and for adverse events by using Fisher exact test and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Infants (n = 1,316) received an oral medication for sedation. Mean doses were 50 mg/kg Chloral Hydrate and 4 mg/kg pentobarbital. Student t test demonstrated no difference in mean time to sedation and in time to discharge between groups. Overall adverse event rate during sedation was lower with pentobarbital (0.5%) than with Chloral Hydrate (2.7%) (P <.001). There were fewer episodes of oxygen desaturation with pentobarbital (0.2%) than with Chloral Hydrate (1.6%) (P <.01). Both medications were equally effective in providing successful sedation. CONCLUSION: Although oral pentobarbital and oral Chloral Hydrate are equally effective, the incidence of adverse events with pentobarbital was significantly reduced.
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superiority of pentobarbital versus Chloral Hydrate for sedation in infants during imaging
Radiology, 2004Co-Authors: Keira P Mason, Pamela A Sanborn, Victoria E Karian, Paulette J Fontaine, Linda O'connor, David Zurakowski, Patricia E. BurrowsAbstract:PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness and safety of oral pentobarbital and oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation in infants younger than 1 year during magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A computerized database was used to collect information about all cases in which sedation was used. Outcomes of all infants who received oral pentobarbital or oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation between 1997 and 2002 were reviewed. Two study groups were compared for sedation and discharge times by using Student t test and for adverse events by using Fisher exact test and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Infants (n = 1,316) received an oral medication for sedation. Mean doses were 50 mg/kg Chloral Hydrate and 4 mg/kg pentobarbital. Student t test demonstrated no difference in mean time to sedation and in time to discharge between groups. Overall adverse event rate during sedation was lower with pentobarbital (0.5%) than with Chloral Hydrate (2.7%) (P < .001). There ...
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comparison of oral pentobarbital sodium nembutal and oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation of infants during radiologic imaging preliminary results
American Journal of Roentgenology, 2003Co-Authors: Veronica Rooks, Linda O'connor, Keira P Mason, David Zurakowski, Taylor Chung, Frederic A Hoffer, Patricia E. BurrowsAbstract:OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of oral cherry-flavored pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal) and oral Chloral Hydrate to sedate infants undergoing radiologic imaging.SUBJECTS AND METHODS. We prospectively recorded data for all infants sedated with oral cherry-flavored pentobarbital sodium and oral Chloral Hydrate for imaging examinations between January 1997 and August 1999. The parameters recorded were each patient's age, weight, and American Society of Anesthesiologists classification; the time required to sedate; the total length of sedation time; the time required to discharge from the recovery room; and adverse events. The two-sample Student's t test and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis.RESULTS. Oral pentobarbital sodium was administered to 317 infants. These infants had a mean age ± SD of 6.9 ± 3.1 months and a mean weight of 7.8 ± 4.8 kg; they received a median dose of 4 mg/kg of body weight. Oral Chloral Hydrate was administered to 358 i...
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the use of oral pentobarbital sodium nembutal versus oral Chloral Hydrate in infants undergoing ct and mr imaging a pilot study
Pediatric Radiology, 2000Co-Authors: Taylor Chung, David Zurakowski, Linda O'connor, Frederic A Hoffer, Patricia E. BurrowsAbstract:Background. Chloral Hydrate, a commonly used oral sedative for infants undergoing imaging examinations, has a bitter taste and requires relatively large volume, provoking unpleasant reactions from the infants. Experience with an alternative sedative, oral pentobarbital (Nembutal), has not been reported for infants Objective. To compare patient acceptance of oral Nembutal and oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation of infants up to 12 months of age. Methods and materials. Fifty-four infants (mean age: 7 months) were prospectively enrolled. Parents chose Nembutal, Chloral Hydrate, or no preference. Thirty-eight infants received Nembutal (4–6 mg/kg) mixed with cherry syrup and 16 received Chloral Hydrate (50–100 mg/kg). We recorded infant's acceptance of sedative, parental impression of infant's acceptance, time to sedation, time to discharge, adverse effects, parental preference of future sedative. Results. Infant acceptance and parental impression were better for Nembutal (P < 0.0001). Fewer parents in the Nembutal group preferred another sedative (P = 0.05). There was a trend toward shorter time to discharge with Nembutal (P = 0.03). There were no adverse effects in either group. One infant failed to sedate with Nembutal. Conclusions. Compared with Chloral Hydrate, oral Nembutal has significantly better acceptance by infants and parents, equal effectiveness, and may result in a shorter time to discharge.
Keira P Mason - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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superiority of pentobarbital versus Chloral Hydrate for sedation in infants during imaging
Radiology, 2004Co-Authors: Keira P Mason, Pamela A Sanborn, Victoria E Karian, Paulette J Fontaine, Linda O'connor, David Zurakowski, Patricia E. BurrowsAbstract:PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness and safety of oral pentobarbital and oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation in infants younger than 1 year during magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A computerized database was used to collect information about all cases in which sedation was used. Outcomes of all infants who received oral pentobarbital or oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation between 1997 and 2002 were reviewed. Two study groups were compared for sedation and discharge times by using Student t test and for adverse events by using Fisher exact test and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Infants (n = 1,316) received an oral medication for sedation. Mean doses were 50 mg/kg Chloral Hydrate and 4 mg/kg pentobarbital. Student t test demonstrated no difference in mean time to sedation and in time to discharge between groups. Overall adverse event rate during sedation was lower with pentobarbital (0.5%) than with Chloral Hydrate (2.7%) (P <.001). There were fewer episodes of oxygen desaturation with pentobarbital (0.2%) than with Chloral Hydrate (1.6%) (P <.01). Both medications were equally effective in providing successful sedation. CONCLUSION: Although oral pentobarbital and oral Chloral Hydrate are equally effective, the incidence of adverse events with pentobarbital was significantly reduced.
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superiority of pentobarbital versus Chloral Hydrate for sedation in infants during imaging
Radiology, 2004Co-Authors: Keira P Mason, Pamela A Sanborn, Victoria E Karian, Paulette J Fontaine, Linda O'connor, David Zurakowski, Patricia E. BurrowsAbstract:PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness and safety of oral pentobarbital and oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation in infants younger than 1 year during magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A computerized database was used to collect information about all cases in which sedation was used. Outcomes of all infants who received oral pentobarbital or oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation between 1997 and 2002 were reviewed. Two study groups were compared for sedation and discharge times by using Student t test and for adverse events by using Fisher exact test and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Infants (n = 1,316) received an oral medication for sedation. Mean doses were 50 mg/kg Chloral Hydrate and 4 mg/kg pentobarbital. Student t test demonstrated no difference in mean time to sedation and in time to discharge between groups. Overall adverse event rate during sedation was lower with pentobarbital (0.5%) than with Chloral Hydrate (2.7%) (P < .001). There ...
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comparison of oral pentobarbital sodium nembutal and oral Chloral Hydrate for sedation of infants during radiologic imaging preliminary results
American Journal of Roentgenology, 2003Co-Authors: Veronica Rooks, Linda O'connor, Keira P Mason, David Zurakowski, Taylor Chung, Frederic A Hoffer, Patricia E. BurrowsAbstract:OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of oral cherry-flavored pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal) and oral Chloral Hydrate to sedate infants undergoing radiologic imaging.SUBJECTS AND METHODS. We prospectively recorded data for all infants sedated with oral cherry-flavored pentobarbital sodium and oral Chloral Hydrate for imaging examinations between January 1997 and August 1999. The parameters recorded were each patient's age, weight, and American Society of Anesthesiologists classification; the time required to sedate; the total length of sedation time; the time required to discharge from the recovery room; and adverse events. The two-sample Student's t test and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis.RESULTS. Oral pentobarbital sodium was administered to 317 infants. These infants had a mean age ± SD of 6.9 ± 3.1 months and a mean weight of 7.8 ± 4.8 kg; they received a median dose of 4 mg/kg of body weight. Oral Chloral Hydrate was administered to 358 i...
V M Yuen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oral Chloral Hydrate versus intranasal dexmedetomidine for sedation of children undergoing computed tomography a multicentre study
Hong Kong Medical Journal 25 (1(S3)) pp. 27-29. (2019), 2019Co-Authors: V M Yuen, Dkl Cheuk, T W C Hui, Ian C K Wong, W W M Lam, Michael G IrwinAbstract:1. Intranasal dexmedetomidine at 3 μg/kg can be used as primary sedative for young children during non-painful procedures. The rate of successful sedation is similar to that achieved by oral Chloral Hydrate at 50 mg/kg. / 2. Intranasal dexmedetomidine is associated with better acceptance by young children compared with oral Chloral Hydrate. / 3. Adverse effects of vomiting and gastrointestinal problems associated with Chloral Hydrate sedation may be avoided with the use of intranasal dexmedetomidine. / 4. The time to resume normal activities after Chloral Hydrate and dexmedetomidine sedation is similar.
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a randomized controlled trial of oral Chloral Hydrate vs intranasal dexmedetomidine plus buccal midazolam for auditory brainstem response testing in children
Pediatric Anesthesia, 2018Co-Authors: V M Yuen, Jia L Zhou, Na Zhang, Jun X Huang, Hang Tian, Xing R SongAbstract:BACKGROUND Moderate to deep sedation is required for an auditory brainstem response test when high-intensity stimulation is used. Chloral Hydrate is the most commonly used sedative, whereas intranasal dexmedetomidine is increasingly used in pediatric non-painful procedural sedations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the sedation success rate after oral Chloral Hydrate at 50 mg kg-1 and intranasal dexmedetomidine at 3 μg kg-1 plus buccal midazolam at 0.1 mg kg-1 for an auditory brainstem response test. METHODS Children who required an auditory brainstem response test were recruited and randomly assigned to receive oral Chloral Hydrate at 50 mg kg-1 and intranasal placebo, or intranasal dexmedetomidine at 3 μg kg-1 with buccal midazolam 0.1 mg kg-1 . The primary outcome was the rate of successful sedation for auditory brainstem response tests. RESULTS Fifty-seven out of 82 (69.5%) were successfully sedated after Chloral Hydrate, while 70 out of 78 (89.7%) children were successfully sedated with dexmedetomidine plus midazolam combination, with the odd ratio (95% CI) for successful sedation between dexmedetomidine plus midazolam combination and Chloral Hydrate estimated to be 3.84 (1.61-9.16), P = 0.002. Dexmedetomidine plus midazolam was associated with quicker onset with median onset time 15 (IQR 11.0-19.8) for dexmedetomidine plus midazolam and 20 (IQR 15.0-27.0) for Chloral Hydrate respectively, with difference between median (95% CI) of 5 [3-8], P < 0.0001). The behavior observed during drug administration of intranasal dexmedetomidine and buccal midazolam was better that of the children who had oral Chloral Hydrate. No children required oxygen therapy or medical intervention for hemodynamic disturbances in this study and the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia was similar. CONCLUSION Intranasal dexmedetomidine plus buccal midazolam was associated with higher sedation success with deeper level of sedation, with similar discharge time and adverse event rate when compared to Chloral Hydrate.
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a randomised controlled trial of oral Chloral Hydrate vs intranasal dexmedetomidine before computerised tomography in children
Anaesthesia, 2017Co-Authors: V M Yuen, Dkl Cheuk, T W C Hui, Ian C K Wong, W W M Lam, M K M Leung, S W Choi, Michael G IrwinAbstract:Chloral Hydrate is commonly used to sedate children for painless procedures. Children may recover more quickly after sedation with dexmedetomidine, which has a shorter half-life. We randomly allocated 196 children to Chloral Hydrate syrup 50 mg.kg-1 and intranasal saline spray, or placebo syrup and intranasal dexmedetomidine spray 3 μg.kg-1 , 30 min before computerised tomography studies. More children resisted or cried after drinking Chloral Hydrate syrup than placebo syrup, 72 of 107 (67%) vs. 42 of 87 (48%), p = 0.009, but there was no difference after intranasal saline vs. dexmedetomidine, 49 of 107 (46%) vs. 40 of 87 (46%), p = 0.98. Sedation was satisfactory in 81 of 107 (76%) children after Chloral Hydrate and 64 of 87 (74%) children after dexmedetomidine, p = 0.74. Of the 173 children followed up for at least 4 h after discharge, 38 of 97 (39%) had recovered normal function after Chloral Hydrate and 32 of 76 (42%) after dexmedetomidine, p = 0.76. Six children vomited after Chloral Hydrate syrup and placebo spray vs. none after placebo syrup and dexmedetomidine spray, p = 0.03.
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intranasal dexmedetomidine following failed Chloral Hydrate sedation in children
Anaesthesia, 2014Co-Authors: V M Yuen, Jun X Huang, Xing R Song, Michael G IrwinAbstract:Summary Chloral Hydrate is the most commonly used sedative for paediatric diagnostic procedures in China with a success rate of around 80%. Intranasal dexmedetomidine is used for rescue sedation in our centre. This prospective investigation evaluated 213 children aged one month to 10 years who were not adequately sedated following administration of Chloral Hydrate. Children were randomly assigned to receive rescue intranasal dexmedetomidine at 1 μg.kg−1 (group 1), 1.5 μg.kg−1 (group 2) or 2 μg.kg−1 (group 3). The sedation level was assessed every 10 min using a modified observer's assessment of alertness/sedation scale. Successful rescue sedation in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 56 (83.6%), 66 (89.2%) and 51 (96.2%), respectively. Increasing the rescue dose was associated with an increased success rate with an odds ratio of 4.12 (95% CI 1.13–14.98), p = 0.032. We conclude that intranasal dexmedetomidine is effective for sedation in children who do not respond to Chloral Hydrate.