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G Ichikawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Seasonal, interannual, and long-term variation in sport fish contamination, San Francisco Bay.
The Science of the total environment, 2005Co-Authors: Ben K. Greenfield, Jay A Davis, Russell Fairey, David Crane, C Roberts, G IchikawaAbstract:This study documents changes in contamination over time at seasonal, interannual, and decadal time scales for sport fish collected in San Francisco Bay. Samples from seven fish species were prepared according to common consumption practices (muscle fillets either with or without skin) and analyzed for trace metals (mercury and selenium) and trace organochlorine contaminants (PCBs, DDTs, Chlordanes, and dieldrin). In 2000, sport fish samples exceeded human health screening values for mercury, PCBs, DDTs, selenium, and dieldrin but did not exceed screening values for Chlordanes. On a seasonal time scale, white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) exhibited significantly lower PCB and lipid concentrations in spring, and a general increase in concentrations in other seasons. When monitoring data were compared among 1994, 1997, and 2000, analysis of variance indicated that concentrations of mercury, PCBs, DDTs, and Chlordanes varied significantly among years for several fish species. Interannual variation in DDTs often correlated to changes in sampled fish size or lipid content among years. Interannual variation in mercury and PCBs was evident in striped bass (Morone saxatilis) but absent in shiner surfperch (Cymatogaster aggregata), leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata), and white croaker. The higher interannual variability of striped bass contaminant concentrations may result from migratory behavior and wide home ranges. Chlordanes significantly declined between 1994 and 2000 in white croaker and striped bass. Of the historical data analyzed (1986-2000), only DDT concentrations in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) showed evidence of a significant decline. Neither PCBs nor selenium showed evidence of a trend in white sturgeon. Between 1970 and 2000, mercury concentrations in striped bass showed no evidence of a trend. The absence of recent trends in mercury may result from the presence of widespread and historic sources, with use reductions occurring in the early 20th century. In contrast to mercury, apparent recent declines in fish tissue DDT and Chlordane concentrations may result from use curtailment in the 1970s and 1980s.
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Contaminant concentrations in sport fish from San Francisco Bay, 1997.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2002Co-Authors: Jay A Davis, Ben K. Greenfield, Russell Fairey, Matt S. Stoelting, Jonathan S. Becker, G Ichikawa, C Roberts, Ronald S TjeerdemaAbstract:Abstract In 1997, seven sport fish species were sampled from seven popular fishing areas in San Francisco Bay. Mercury exceeded a human health screening value in 44 of 84 (52%) samples. All collected samples of leopard shark and striped bass exceeded the mercury screening value of 0.23 μg/g wet weight. PCBs exceeded the screening value in 51 of 72 (71%) samples. DDT, Chlordane, and dieldrin, had lower numbers of samples above screening values: 16 of 72 (22%) for DDT, 11 of 72 (15%) for Chlordanes, and 27 of 72 (37%) for dieldrin. Concentrations of PCBs and other trace organics were highest in white croaker and shiner surfperch, the two species with the highest fat content in their muscle tissue. Fish from one location, Oakland Harbor, had significantly elevated wet weight concentrations of mercury, PCBs, DDTs, and Chlordanes compared to other locations. Removal of skin from white croaker fillets reduced lipid concentrations by 27–49% and concentrations of trace organics by 33–40%.
Maryjane Incorvia Mattina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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plant uptake and translocation of highly weathered soil bound technical Chlordane residues data from field and rhizotron studies
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2004Co-Authors: Maryjane Incorvia Mattina, Brian D Eitzer, William Iannucciberger, Wen Yee Lee, Jason C WhiteAbstract:It has been observed that plants are susceptible to uptake from soil and in planta transport of technical Chlordane, in spite of its hydrophobicity and sequestration within the soil matrix due to weathering. Field and rhizotron studies were conducted with Cucurbitaceae planted in highly weathered, Chlordane-contaminated soil to investigate details of soil-to-plant contaminant uptake. In the field-work, Cucurbita pepo L. (zucchini) was grown in soil at four levels of Chlordane contamination: Clean (
Chlordane consistently at the highest concentration in the root tissue at each level of soil contamination. As the soil Chlordane concentration increased, the average Chlordane concentration in the root tissue increased as follows: Clean, 370 ng/g; low, 8,130 ng/g; medium, 21,800 ng/g; high, 29,400 ng/g. Further analysis of the field-grown plants showed distinct differences in both the proportional distribution of Chlordane among the plant tissues and the pattern of the Chlordane residues in each tissue type. These differences are attributed to plant uptake from soil versus uptake from air. In the rhizotron studies, uptake of Chlordane residues by C. pepo L. was compared with that of another Cucurbitaceae, Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber). Xylem sap from the rhizotron-grown plants was collected and analyzed for Chlordane, in addition to determination of Chlordane residues in soil, roots, and aerial plant tissue. Component fractions and enantiomer fractions of both chiral and achiral Chlordanes were followed through soil, root, xylem sap, and aerial tissue compartments. They indicate that the xenobiotic residues translocate enantioselectively from the soil matrix into and through the plant environment with genera-specific patterns. The determination of Chlordanes at ng/g concentration explicitly for the first time in the xylem sap of plants grown in contaminated soil confirms the presence of a soil-sequestered and highly hydrophobic organic contaminant within the aqueous plant environment. -
Tracking Chlordane compositional and chiral profiles in soil and vegetation.
Chemosphere, 2002Co-Authors: Jason C White, Maryjane Incorvia Mattina, Brian D Eitzer, William Iannucci-bergerAbstract:The cycling of Chlordane and other persistent organic pollutants through the environment must be comprehensively elucidated to assess adequately the human health risks posed from such contaminants. In this study the compositional and chiral profiles of weathered Chlordane residues in the soil and vegetative compartments were investigated in order to provide details of the fate and transport of this persistent pesticide. Zucchini was planted in a greenhouse in three bays containing Chlordane-contaminated soil. At harvest the vegetation and soil were extracted and analyzed for Chlordane content using chiral gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry. Both achiral and chiral Chlordane components were quantified. The Chlordane concentration in the rhizosphere (soil attached to roots) was significantly less than that in the bulk soil. However, the enantiomeric ratio of the chiral components and overall component ratios had changed little in the rhizosphere relative to the bulk soil. Significant levels of Chlordane were detected in the vegetation, the amount varying in different plant tissues from a maximum in roots to a minimum in fruit. In addition to the Chlordane concentration gradient in plant tissues, significant shifts in compositional profile, as indicated by the component ratios, and in chiral profile, as indicated by the enantiomeric ratio, of the contaminant were observed in the plant tissues. The data indicate that abiotic processes dominate the transport of the Chlordane components through the soil to the plant. This is the first report of the effect of rapid biotic processes within the plant compartment on Chlordane compositional and chiral profiles.
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Compositional and chiral profiles of weathered Chlordane residues in soil.
Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Brian D Eitzer, Maryjane Incorvia Mattina, William Iannucci-bergerAbstract:The fate of Chlordane and other persistent organic pollutants in the environment is of international concern. The behavior of persistent organic pollutants under both abiotic and biotic conditions must be determined for the comprehensive elucidation of their cycling through the biosphere. Standard analytical methods such as gas chromatography with electron capture detection are adequate for studies of cycling under abiotic conditions. Since two of the main components of technical Chlordane, cis-Chlordane and trans-Chlordane, are optically active, chiral gas chromatography can be used to study the impact of biotic influences on Chlordane's fate. We report here the use of chiral gas chromatography interfaced with ion trap mass spectrometry as part of an analytically rigorous method for the simultaneous determination of the compositional and chiral profiles of weathered soil residues of technical Chlordane. Using the method described, several patterns in the long-term weathering of technical Chlordane in soil are observed.
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Chlordane Uptake and Its Translocation in Food Crops
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2000Co-Authors: Maryjane Incorvia Mattina, William Iannucci-berger, Laure DykasAbstract:Chlordane is a member of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), a group of chemicals characterized by extremely long residence in the environment after application. Technical Chlordane, composed of a large number of components, is a synthetic organochlorine substance that was used primarily as an insecticide. Uptake by root crops of persistent soil residues of Chlordane was noted early in the chronology of the material. The present report is the first comprehensive study of the uptake of weathered soil residues of Chlordane and its translocation throughout the tissues of food crops under both greenhouse and field conditions. The data show that for all 12 crops Chlordane is not limited to root tissue but is translocated from the root to some of the aerial tissues. Chlordane accumulation in edible aerial tissue appears to be dependent on plant physiology. As expected, Chlordane was detected in the edible root tissue of the three root crops examined, carrots, beets, and potatoes. In the remaining crops ch...
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impact of long term weathering mobility and land use on Chlordane residues in soil
Environmental Science & Technology, 1999Co-Authors: Maryjane Incorvia Mattina, William Iannucciberger, Laure Dykas, Jennifer PardusAbstract:The use of technical Chlordane, a mixture of 147 separate components, and Chlordane-containing products has been illegal in the United States since 1988. Technical Chlordane is a member of the pers...
Jay A Davis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Seasonal, interannual, and long-term variation in sport fish contamination, San Francisco Bay.
The Science of the total environment, 2005Co-Authors: Ben K. Greenfield, Jay A Davis, Russell Fairey, David Crane, C Roberts, G IchikawaAbstract:This study documents changes in contamination over time at seasonal, interannual, and decadal time scales for sport fish collected in San Francisco Bay. Samples from seven fish species were prepared according to common consumption practices (muscle fillets either with or without skin) and analyzed for trace metals (mercury and selenium) and trace organochlorine contaminants (PCBs, DDTs, Chlordanes, and dieldrin). In 2000, sport fish samples exceeded human health screening values for mercury, PCBs, DDTs, selenium, and dieldrin but did not exceed screening values for Chlordanes. On a seasonal time scale, white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) exhibited significantly lower PCB and lipid concentrations in spring, and a general increase in concentrations in other seasons. When monitoring data were compared among 1994, 1997, and 2000, analysis of variance indicated that concentrations of mercury, PCBs, DDTs, and Chlordanes varied significantly among years for several fish species. Interannual variation in DDTs often correlated to changes in sampled fish size or lipid content among years. Interannual variation in mercury and PCBs was evident in striped bass (Morone saxatilis) but absent in shiner surfperch (Cymatogaster aggregata), leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata), and white croaker. The higher interannual variability of striped bass contaminant concentrations may result from migratory behavior and wide home ranges. Chlordanes significantly declined between 1994 and 2000 in white croaker and striped bass. Of the historical data analyzed (1986-2000), only DDT concentrations in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) showed evidence of a significant decline. Neither PCBs nor selenium showed evidence of a trend in white sturgeon. Between 1970 and 2000, mercury concentrations in striped bass showed no evidence of a trend. The absence of recent trends in mercury may result from the presence of widespread and historic sources, with use reductions occurring in the early 20th century. In contrast to mercury, apparent recent declines in fish tissue DDT and Chlordane concentrations may result from use curtailment in the 1970s and 1980s.
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Contaminant concentrations in sport fish from San Francisco Bay, 1997.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2002Co-Authors: Jay A Davis, Ben K. Greenfield, Russell Fairey, Matt S. Stoelting, Jonathan S. Becker, G Ichikawa, C Roberts, Ronald S TjeerdemaAbstract:Abstract In 1997, seven sport fish species were sampled from seven popular fishing areas in San Francisco Bay. Mercury exceeded a human health screening value in 44 of 84 (52%) samples. All collected samples of leopard shark and striped bass exceeded the mercury screening value of 0.23 μg/g wet weight. PCBs exceeded the screening value in 51 of 72 (71%) samples. DDT, Chlordane, and dieldrin, had lower numbers of samples above screening values: 16 of 72 (22%) for DDT, 11 of 72 (15%) for Chlordanes, and 27 of 72 (37%) for dieldrin. Concentrations of PCBs and other trace organics were highest in white croaker and shiner surfperch, the two species with the highest fat content in their muscle tissue. Fish from one location, Oakland Harbor, had significantly elevated wet weight concentrations of mercury, PCBs, DDTs, and Chlordanes compared to other locations. Removal of skin from white croaker fillets reduced lipid concentrations by 27–49% and concentrations of trace organics by 33–40%.
Ben K. Greenfield - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Seasonal, interannual, and long-term variation in sport fish contamination, San Francisco Bay.
The Science of the total environment, 2005Co-Authors: Ben K. Greenfield, Jay A Davis, Russell Fairey, David Crane, C Roberts, G IchikawaAbstract:This study documents changes in contamination over time at seasonal, interannual, and decadal time scales for sport fish collected in San Francisco Bay. Samples from seven fish species were prepared according to common consumption practices (muscle fillets either with or without skin) and analyzed for trace metals (mercury and selenium) and trace organochlorine contaminants (PCBs, DDTs, Chlordanes, and dieldrin). In 2000, sport fish samples exceeded human health screening values for mercury, PCBs, DDTs, selenium, and dieldrin but did not exceed screening values for Chlordanes. On a seasonal time scale, white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) exhibited significantly lower PCB and lipid concentrations in spring, and a general increase in concentrations in other seasons. When monitoring data were compared among 1994, 1997, and 2000, analysis of variance indicated that concentrations of mercury, PCBs, DDTs, and Chlordanes varied significantly among years for several fish species. Interannual variation in DDTs often correlated to changes in sampled fish size or lipid content among years. Interannual variation in mercury and PCBs was evident in striped bass (Morone saxatilis) but absent in shiner surfperch (Cymatogaster aggregata), leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata), and white croaker. The higher interannual variability of striped bass contaminant concentrations may result from migratory behavior and wide home ranges. Chlordanes significantly declined between 1994 and 2000 in white croaker and striped bass. Of the historical data analyzed (1986-2000), only DDT concentrations in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) showed evidence of a significant decline. Neither PCBs nor selenium showed evidence of a trend in white sturgeon. Between 1970 and 2000, mercury concentrations in striped bass showed no evidence of a trend. The absence of recent trends in mercury may result from the presence of widespread and historic sources, with use reductions occurring in the early 20th century. In contrast to mercury, apparent recent declines in fish tissue DDT and Chlordane concentrations may result from use curtailment in the 1970s and 1980s.
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Contaminant concentrations in sport fish from San Francisco Bay, 1997.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2002Co-Authors: Jay A Davis, Ben K. Greenfield, Russell Fairey, Matt S. Stoelting, Jonathan S. Becker, G Ichikawa, C Roberts, Ronald S TjeerdemaAbstract:Abstract In 1997, seven sport fish species were sampled from seven popular fishing areas in San Francisco Bay. Mercury exceeded a human health screening value in 44 of 84 (52%) samples. All collected samples of leopard shark and striped bass exceeded the mercury screening value of 0.23 μg/g wet weight. PCBs exceeded the screening value in 51 of 72 (71%) samples. DDT, Chlordane, and dieldrin, had lower numbers of samples above screening values: 16 of 72 (22%) for DDT, 11 of 72 (15%) for Chlordanes, and 27 of 72 (37%) for dieldrin. Concentrations of PCBs and other trace organics were highest in white croaker and shiner surfperch, the two species with the highest fat content in their muscle tissue. Fish from one location, Oakland Harbor, had significantly elevated wet weight concentrations of mercury, PCBs, DDTs, and Chlordanes compared to other locations. Removal of skin from white croaker fillets reduced lipid concentrations by 27–49% and concentrations of trace organics by 33–40%.
Ronald S Tjeerdema - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Contaminant concentrations in sport fish from San Francisco Bay, 1997.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2002Co-Authors: Jay A Davis, Ben K. Greenfield, Russell Fairey, Matt S. Stoelting, Jonathan S. Becker, G Ichikawa, C Roberts, Ronald S TjeerdemaAbstract:Abstract In 1997, seven sport fish species were sampled from seven popular fishing areas in San Francisco Bay. Mercury exceeded a human health screening value in 44 of 84 (52%) samples. All collected samples of leopard shark and striped bass exceeded the mercury screening value of 0.23 μg/g wet weight. PCBs exceeded the screening value in 51 of 72 (71%) samples. DDT, Chlordane, and dieldrin, had lower numbers of samples above screening values: 16 of 72 (22%) for DDT, 11 of 72 (15%) for Chlordanes, and 27 of 72 (37%) for dieldrin. Concentrations of PCBs and other trace organics were highest in white croaker and shiner surfperch, the two species with the highest fat content in their muscle tissue. Fish from one location, Oakland Harbor, had significantly elevated wet weight concentrations of mercury, PCBs, DDTs, and Chlordanes compared to other locations. Removal of skin from white croaker fillets reduced lipid concentrations by 27–49% and concentrations of trace organics by 33–40%.