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Edward D Houde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recruitment of Striped Bass in chesapeake bay spatial and temporal environmental variability and availability of zooplankton prey
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2010Co-Authors: E J Martino, Edward D HoudeAbstract:Causes of recruitment variability in young-of-the-year (YOY) Striped Bass Morone sax- atilis from Chesapeake Bay were investigated based on (1) surveys from 2001 to 2003 to document spatio-temporal variability in abundance of larval Striped Bass, zooplankton prey, and feeding success of larvae; (2) a synthetic analysis (1996, 1998, 1999, 2001 to 2003) to describe how environmental fac- tors and prey affect recruitment success; and (3) a 10 yr analysis (1993 to 2002) of inter-annual differ- ences in spatial and temporal patterns of copepods and cladocera eaten by Striped Bass larvae. Striped Bass YOY recruitment levels varied >11-fold in the 6 years examined. In those years, mean daily freshwater flows from the Susquehanna River to the bay in March and April varied >2-fold and con- trolled distribution and apparent survival of Striped Bass larvae. Strong recruitments of YOY Striped Bass were associated with matches in space and time of larval Striped Bass and high concentrations of zooplankton prey, especially the copepod Eurytemora affinis and cladoceran Bosmina longirostris. The strongest year classes (1996, 2003) were produced in years of high freshwater flow, characterized by a high abundance of feeding-stage larvae and a spatio-temporal match between peak abundance of larvae and zooplankton prey. Enhanced feeding opportunities were most pronounced in high freshwater-flow years (1996, 1998, 2003), when larvae and zooplankton prey were strongly associated with, and apparently retained near, the estuarine turbidity maximum. First-feeding larvae fed more successfully in a high-flow year (2003; prey incidence 91%) than in a drier year (2001; prey incidence 35%). A regression model that may have forecasting potential was developed to describe recruitment of YOY Striped Bass for the years from 1985 to 2006. The model includes spring freshwater flow and air temperatures to predict age-0 Striped Bass recruitment strength (R 2 = 0.65). Flow and temperature control environmental and hydrographic conditions that strongly influence spatio-temporal overlap of larval Striped Bass and zooplankton. The model provided accurate recruitment forecasts for 2007 and 2009, but was less successful in 2008, a year of exceptionally low recruitment.
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retention of white perch and Striped Bass larvae biological physical interactions in chesapeake bay estuarine turbidity maximum
Estuaries, 2001Co-Authors: Elizabeth W North, Edward D HoudeAbstract:Physical and biological properties of the Chesapeake Bay estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) region may influence retention and survival of anadromous white perch (Morone americana) and Striped Bass larvae (Morone saxatilis). To evaluate this hypothesis we collected data in five cruises, three during May 1998 and two during May 1999, in upper Chesapeake Bay. Time series of freshwater discharge, water temperature, wind, and water level explain differences in ETM location and properties between cruises and years. During high flows in 1998, a two-layer response to wind forcing shifted the ETM up-estuary, while a high discharge event resulted in a down-estuary shift in the salt front and ETM location. In 1999, extremely low discharge rates shifted the salt front 15 km up-estuary of its position in 1998. During 1999, the ETM was less intense and apparently topographically fixed. Gradients in depth-specific abundance of ichthyoplankton were compared with salinity and TSS concentrations along the channel axis of the upper Bay. During 1998, the high flow year, most Striped Bass eggs (75%) and most early-stage white perch larvae (80%) were located up-estuary of the salt front. In addition, most Striped Bass (91%) and white perch (67%) post-yolk-sac larvae were located within 10 km of maximum turbidity readings. Total abundance of white perch larvae was lower in 1999, a low freshwater flow year, than in 1998, a high flow year. In 1999, Striped Bass larvae were virtually absent. White perch (1977–1999) and Striped Bass (1968–1999) juvenile abundances were positively correlated with spring Susquehanna River discharge. The ETM regions is an important nursery area for white perch and Striped Bass larvae and life-history strategies of these species appear to insure transport to and within the ETM. We hypothesize that episodic wind and discharge events may modulate larval survival within years. Between years, differences in freshwater flow may influence Striped Bass and white perch survival and recruitment by controlling retention of egg and early-stage in the ETM region and by affecting the overlap of temperature/salinity zones preferred by later-stage larvae with elevated productivity in the ETM.
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retention of white perch and Striped Bass larvae biological physical interactions in chesapeake bay estuarine turbidity maximum
Estuaries, 2001Co-Authors: Elizabeth W North, Edward D HoudeAbstract:Physical and biological properties of the Chesapeake Bay estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) region may influence retention and survival of anadromous white perch (Morone americana) and Striped Bass larvae (Morone saxatilis). To evaluate this hypothesis we collected data in five cruises, three during May 1998 and two during May 1999, in upper Chesapeake Bay. Time series of freshwater discharge, water temperature, wind, and water level explain differences in ETM location and properties between cruises and years. During high flows in 1998, a two-layer response to wind forcing shifted the ETM up-estuary, while a high discharge event resulted in a down-estuary shift in the salt front and ETM location. In 1999, extremely low discharge rates shifted the salt front 15 km up-estuary of its position in 1998. During 1999, the ETM was less intense and apparently topographically fixed. Gradients in depth-specific abundance of ichthyo- plankton were compared with salinity and TSS concentrations along the channel axis of the upper Bay. During 1998, the high flow year, most Striped Bass eggs (75%) and most early-stage white perch larvae (80%) were located up-estuary of the salt front. In addition, most Striped Bass (91%) and white perch (67%) post-yolk-sac larvae were located within 10 km of maximum turbidity readings. Total abundance of white perch larvae was lower in 1999, a low freshwater flow year, than in 1998, a high flow year. In 1999, Striped Bass larvae were virtually absent. White perch (1977-1999) and Striped Bass (1968-1999) juvenile abundances were positively correlated with spring Susquehanna River discharge. The ETM region is an important nursery area for white perch and Striped Bass larvae and life-history strategies of these species appear to insure transport to and within the ETM. We hypothesize that episodic wind and discharge events may modulate larval survival within years. Between years, differences in freshwater flow may influence Striped Bass and white perch survival and recruitment by controlling retention of egg and early-stage larvae in the ETM region and by affecting the overlap of temperature/salinity zones preferred by later-stage larvae with elevated productivity in the ETM.
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individual based model of young of the year Striped Bass population dynamics ii factors affecting recruitment in the potomac river maryland
Transactions of The American Fisheries Society, 1993Co-Authors: James H Cowan, Kenneth A Rose, Edward S Rutherford, Edward D HoudeAbstract:Abstract An individual-based model of the population dynamics of young-of-the-year Striped Bass Morone saxatilis in the Potomac River, Maryland, was used to test the hypothesis that historically high recruitment variability can be explained by changes in environmental and biological factors that result in relatively small changes in growth and mortality rates of Striped Bass larvae. The four factors examined were (1) size distribution of female parents, (2) zooplankton prey density during the development of Striped Bass larvae, (3) density of competing larval white perch M. americana, and (4) temperature during larval development. Simulation results suggest that variations in female size and in prey for larvae alone could cause 10-fold variability in recruitment. But no single factor alone caused changes in vital rates of age-0 fish that could account for the 145-fold variability in the Potomac River index of juvenile recruitment. However, combined positive or negative effects of two or more factors resul...
Jiuzhou Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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DNA methylation profiles correlated to Striped Bass sperm fertility.
BMC genomics, 2018Co-Authors: L. Curry Woods, Benjamin J. Reading, S. Adam Fuller, Yi Ding, Jianan Liu, Jiuzhou SongAbstract:Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) spermatozoa are used to fertilize in vitro the eggs of white Bass (M. chrysops) to produce the preferred hybrid for the Striped Bass aquaculture industry. Currently, only one source of domestic Striped Bass juveniles is available to growers that is not obtained from wild-caught parents and is thus devoid of any genetic improvement in phenotypic traits of importance to aquaculture. Sperm epigenetic modification has been predicted to be associated with fertility, which could switch genes on and off without changing the DNA sequence itself. DNA methylation is one of the most common epigenetic modification types and changes in sperm epigenetics can be correlated to sub-fertility or infertility in male Striped Bass. The objective of this study was to find the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between high-fertility and sub-fertility male Striped Bass, which could potentially regulate the fertility performance. In our present study, we performed DNA methylation analysis of high-fertility and sub-fertility Striped Bass spermatozoa through MBD-Seq methods. A total of 171 DMRs were discovered in Striped Bass sperm correlated to fertility. Based on the annotation of these DMRs, we conducted a functional classification analysis and two important groups of genes including the WDR3/UTP12 and GPCR families, were discovered to be related to fertility performance of Striped Bass. Proteins from the WDR3/UTP12 family are involved in forming the sperm flagella apparatus in vertebrates and GPCRs are involved in hormonal signaling and regulation of tissue development, proliferation and differentiation. Our results contribute insights into understanding the mechanism of fertility in Striped Bass, which will provide powerful tools to maximize reproductive efficiencies and to identify those males with superior gametes for this important aquaculture species.
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DNA methylation profiles correlated to Striped Bass sperm fertility
BMC, 2018Co-Authors: Curry L. Woods, Benjamin J. Reading, Yi Ding, Jianan Liu, Adam S. Fuller, Jiuzhou SongAbstract:Abstract Background Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) spermatozoa are used to fertilize in vitro the eggs of white Bass (M. chrysops) to produce the preferred hybrid for the Striped Bass aquaculture industry. Currently, only one source of domestic Striped Bass juveniles is available to growers that is not obtained from wild-caught parents and is thus devoid of any genetic improvement in phenotypic traits of importance to aquaculture. Sperm epigenetic modification has been predicted to be associated with fertility, which could switch genes on and off without changing the DNA sequence itself. DNA methylation is one of the most common epigenetic modification types and changes in sperm epigenetics can be correlated to sub-fertility or infertility in male Striped Bass. The objective of this study was to find the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between high-fertility and sub-fertility male Striped Bass, which could potentially regulate the fertility performance. Results In our present study, we performed DNA methylation analysis of high-fertility and sub-fertility Striped Bass spermatozoa through MBD-Seq methods. A total of 171 DMRs were discovered in Striped Bass sperm correlated to fertility. Based on the annotation of these DMRs, we conducted a functional classification analysis and two important groups of genes including the WDR3/UTP12 and GPCR families, were discovered to be related to fertility performance of Striped Bass. Proteins from the WDR3/UTP12 family are involved in forming the sperm flagella apparatus in vertebrates and GPCRs are involved in hormonal signaling and regulation of tissue development, proliferation and differentiation. Conclusions Our results contribute insights into understanding the mechanism of fertility in Striped Bass, which will provide powerful tools to maximize reproductive efficiencies and to identify those males with superior gametes for this important aquaculture species
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Additional file 4: of DNA methylation profiles correlated to Striped Bass sperm fertility
2018Co-Authors: L. Woods, Yi Ding, Jianan Liu, Benjamin Reading, S. Fuller, Jiuzhou SongAbstract:Table S3. Annotation of the identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in Striped Bass sperm from high- and sub-fertility groups. Genes present on contigs with DMRs are indicated in the column to the left (DMRs) and are numbered according to the Striped Bass genome assembly files provided at http://appliedecology.cals.ncsu.edu/Striped-Bass-genome-project/data-downloads/ . Additional information including start and end of the gene transcripts on each of the contigs, length of the DMR site (Width), methylation levels in fish from the sub-fertile (Conc_Low) and high-fertile (Conc_High) groups, methylation fold-difference between fertility groups (negative value indicates greater in the high fertility group in reference to the low fertility group), p-value, false discovery rate (FDR), gene name (Name), approved gene symbol (Gene), gene position on each of the contigs (Gene Position), and method of annotation (ID) either from the Striped Bass genome or BLAST of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (XLS). (XLS 91Â kb
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Additional file 3: of DNA methylation profiles correlated to Striped Bass sperm fertility
2018Co-Authors: L. Woods, Yi Ding, Jianan Liu, Benjamin Reading, S. Fuller, Jiuzhou SongAbstract:Table S2. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between high- and sub-fertility Striped Bass sperm at a strict false discovery rate (FDR)
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Additional file 2: of DNA methylation profiles correlated to Striped Bass sperm fertility
2018Co-Authors: L. Woods, Yi Ding, Jianan Liu, Benjamin Reading, S. Fuller, Jiuzhou SongAbstract:Figure S1. Alignment scores (percent of total) of MBD-Seq short reads aligned to the Striped Bass genome. (PNG 343Â kb
Amir Ehtisham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Countergradient variation in growth of young Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) from different latitudes 1
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1997Co-Authors: David O. Conover, J J Brown, Amir EhtishamAbstract:Common garden experiments were undertaken to test the hypothesis that the genetic capacity for growth of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) varies inversely with length of the growing season across a latitudinal gradient (i.e., countergradient variation (CnGV) in growth). Newly hatched larvae were obtained from six native anadromous stocks spanning most of the natural range of Striped Bass (Florida to Nova Scotia). Growth experiments were conducted under conditions of unlimited food at three temperatures (17, 21, 28°C) and commenced after larvae had exhausted maternal energy resources (i.e., yolk and oil) and had begun to metamorphose. Mixed-model nested ANOVA demonstrated that length and dry weight growth differed significantly among latitudes in most comparisons. South Carolina fish ranked consistently as the slowest growing group in virtually all comparisons, but the rank order of the other latitudes differed among trials. North Carolina and Gulf of Mexico fish generally had intermediate rates of growth w...
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countergradient variation in growth of young Striped Bass morone saxatilis from different latitudes 1
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1997Co-Authors: David O. Conover, J J Brown, Amir EhtishamAbstract:Common garden experiments were undertaken to test the hypothesis that the genetic capacity for growth of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) varies inversely with length of the growing season across a ...
Benjamin J. Reading - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genomic population structure of Striped Bass morone saxatilis from the gulf of st lawrence to cape fear river
Evolutionary Applications, 2020Co-Authors: Nathalie M Leblanc, Benjamin J. Reading, Samuel N Andrews, Benjamin I Gahagan, Trevor S Avery, Gregory Neils Puncher, Colin F Buhariwalla, Allen R Curry, Andrew R Whiteley, Scott A PaveyAbstract:Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum, 1792), is an anadromous fish species that supports fisheries throughout North America and is native to the North American Atlantic Coast. Due to long coastal migrations that span multiple jurisdictions, a detailed understanding of population genomics is required to untangle demographic patterns, understand local adaptation, and characterize population movements. This study used 1,256 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci to investigate genetic structure of 477 Striped Bass sampled from 15 locations spanning the North American Atlantic coast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, to the Cape Fear River, United States. We found striking differences in neutral divergence among Canadian sites, which were isolated from each other and US populations, compared with US populations that were much less isolated. Our SNP dataset was able to assign 99% of Striped Bass back to six reporting groups, a 39% improvement over previous genetic markers. Using this method, we found (a) evidence of admixture within Saint John River, indicating that migrants from the United States and from Shubenacadie River occasionally spawn in the Saint John River; (b) Striped Bass collected in the Mira River, Cape Breton, Canada, were found to be of both Miramichi River and US origin; (c) juveniles in the newly restored Kennebec River population had small and nonsignificant differences from the Hudson River; and (d) tributaries within the Chesapeake Bay showed a mixture of homogeny and small differences among each other. This study introduces new hypotheses about the dynamic zoogeography of Striped Bass at its northern range and has important implications for the local and international management of this species.
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strain evaluation of Striped Bass morone saxatilis cultured at different salinities
Aquaculture, 2018Co-Authors: Linas W Kenter, Benjamin J. Reading, Curry L. Woods, Adrienne I Kovach, David L BerlinskyAbstract:Abstract Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) and their hybrids have been well studied and are widely cultured in freshwater ponds as food and gamefish. Recent industry expansion has generated an interest in strain-specific broodstock development for marine netpen and pond culture. In this effort, Atlantic and Gulf coast Striped Bass strains were cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) at different salinities for up to two years and production and morphometric parameters (specific growth, feed conversion, fillet yield, condition factor and stripe patterns) were compared. Striped Bass juveniles produced from wild-caught broodstock from rivers in Nova Scotia, Delaware, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Florida, Texas and a selected, domesticated strain were reared in triplicate fresh (0 ppt), brackish (5 ppt) and saltwater recirculating (30 ppt) systems. After one year of age, a subset of fish were implanted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, combined into a larger, “common-garden”, saltwater, recirculating system and monitored over an additional year. Parental broodstock and cultured offspring were fin-clipped and genotyped to identify juvenile family origin. Final weights of fish after one and two years averaged approximately 0.5 and 2.5 kg, respectively and did not differ by water salinity. Growth rates and condition factors differed by strain, but condition factor was not correlated with fillet yield. Consistent with other studies, juvenile fish from South Carolina and Nova Scotia were found to be slow growing compared to migratory Atlantic and Gulf strains. Mixed model analyses showed that family, and family by strain interactions were significant, but accounted for less growth variance than strain alone. These results indicate that family-based selection by strain may be useful in Striped Bass broodstock development programs.
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DNA methylation profiles correlated to Striped Bass sperm fertility.
BMC genomics, 2018Co-Authors: L. Curry Woods, Benjamin J. Reading, S. Adam Fuller, Yi Ding, Jianan Liu, Jiuzhou SongAbstract:Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) spermatozoa are used to fertilize in vitro the eggs of white Bass (M. chrysops) to produce the preferred hybrid for the Striped Bass aquaculture industry. Currently, only one source of domestic Striped Bass juveniles is available to growers that is not obtained from wild-caught parents and is thus devoid of any genetic improvement in phenotypic traits of importance to aquaculture. Sperm epigenetic modification has been predicted to be associated with fertility, which could switch genes on and off without changing the DNA sequence itself. DNA methylation is one of the most common epigenetic modification types and changes in sperm epigenetics can be correlated to sub-fertility or infertility in male Striped Bass. The objective of this study was to find the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between high-fertility and sub-fertility male Striped Bass, which could potentially regulate the fertility performance. In our present study, we performed DNA methylation analysis of high-fertility and sub-fertility Striped Bass spermatozoa through MBD-Seq methods. A total of 171 DMRs were discovered in Striped Bass sperm correlated to fertility. Based on the annotation of these DMRs, we conducted a functional classification analysis and two important groups of genes including the WDR3/UTP12 and GPCR families, were discovered to be related to fertility performance of Striped Bass. Proteins from the WDR3/UTP12 family are involved in forming the sperm flagella apparatus in vertebrates and GPCRs are involved in hormonal signaling and regulation of tissue development, proliferation and differentiation. Our results contribute insights into understanding the mechanism of fertility in Striped Bass, which will provide powerful tools to maximize reproductive efficiencies and to identify those males with superior gametes for this important aquaculture species.
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DNA methylation profiles correlated to Striped Bass sperm fertility
BMC, 2018Co-Authors: Curry L. Woods, Benjamin J. Reading, Yi Ding, Jianan Liu, Adam S. Fuller, Jiuzhou SongAbstract:Abstract Background Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) spermatozoa are used to fertilize in vitro the eggs of white Bass (M. chrysops) to produce the preferred hybrid for the Striped Bass aquaculture industry. Currently, only one source of domestic Striped Bass juveniles is available to growers that is not obtained from wild-caught parents and is thus devoid of any genetic improvement in phenotypic traits of importance to aquaculture. Sperm epigenetic modification has been predicted to be associated with fertility, which could switch genes on and off without changing the DNA sequence itself. DNA methylation is one of the most common epigenetic modification types and changes in sperm epigenetics can be correlated to sub-fertility or infertility in male Striped Bass. The objective of this study was to find the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between high-fertility and sub-fertility male Striped Bass, which could potentially regulate the fertility performance. Results In our present study, we performed DNA methylation analysis of high-fertility and sub-fertility Striped Bass spermatozoa through MBD-Seq methods. A total of 171 DMRs were discovered in Striped Bass sperm correlated to fertility. Based on the annotation of these DMRs, we conducted a functional classification analysis and two important groups of genes including the WDR3/UTP12 and GPCR families, were discovered to be related to fertility performance of Striped Bass. Proteins from the WDR3/UTP12 family are involved in forming the sperm flagella apparatus in vertebrates and GPCRs are involved in hormonal signaling and regulation of tissue development, proliferation and differentiation. Conclusions Our results contribute insights into understanding the mechanism of fertility in Striped Bass, which will provide powerful tools to maximize reproductive efficiencies and to identify those males with superior gametes for this important aquaculture species
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Multiple vitellogenins and product yolk proteins in Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis: molecular characterization and processing during oocyte growth and maturation
Fish physiology and biochemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Valerie N. Williams, Akihiko Hara, Benjamin J. Reading, Naoshi Hiramatsu, Haruna Amano, Norman J. Glassbrook, Craig V SullivanAbstract:The multiple vitellogenin (Vtg) system of Striped Bass, a perciform species spawning nearly neutrally buoyant eggs in freshwater, was investigated. Vitellogenin cDNA cloning, Western blotting of yolk proteins (YPs) using Vtg and YP type-specific antisera, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) of the YPs revealed the complex mechanisms of yolk formation and maturation in this species. It was discovered that Striped Bass possesses a tripartite Vtg system (VtgAa, VtgAb, and VtgC) in which all three forms of Vtg make a substantial contribution to the yolk. The production of Vtg-derived YPs is generally similar to that described for other perciforms. However, novel amino-terminal labeling of oocyte YPs prior to MS/MS identified multiple alternative sites for cleavage of these proteins from their parent Vtg, revealing a YP mixture far more complex than reported previously. This approach also revealed that the major YP product of each form of Striped Bass Vtg, lipovitellin heavy chain (LvH), undergoes limited degradation to smaller polypeptides during oocyte maturation, unlike the case in marine fishes spawning buoyant eggs in which LvHAa undergoes extensive proteolysis to osmotically active free amino acids. These differences likely reflect the lesser need for hydration of pelagic eggs spawned in freshwater. The detailed characterization of Vtgs and their proteolytic fate(s) during oocyte growth and maturation establishes Striped Bass as a freshwater model for investigating teleost multiple Vtg systems.
Delbert M Gatlin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluating the dietary taurine requirement of hybrid Striped Bass morone chrysops x m saxatilis
Aquaculture, 2021Co-Authors: Blaine Suehs, Delbert M GatlinAbstract:Abstract A dietary requirement for the sulfonic acid taurine has been documented in many marine species. However, it has not been well studied in hybrid fish with freshwater and marine genes, such as the hybrid Striped Bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis). Therefore, an 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of various levels of dietary taurine on growth performance, health, and body composition of juvenile hybrid Striped Bass. Four diets were formulated from practical ingredients and supplemented with DL-methionine at 0.54% of dry weight to meet the hybrid Striped Bass' established total sulfur amino acid requirement of 1.0% of dry diet, and taurine was supplemented incrementally at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2% of dry weight. Two additional diets were prepared without DL-methionine supplementation to be marginally deficient in methionine (0.49% by weight) and either supplemented with or without taurine at 1% dry weight to evaluate the potential interactions between methionine and taurine. Diets containing increment levels of taurine were determined to show no significant (P > .05) differences in terms of weight gain, feed efficiency (FE), whole-body composition, hepatosomatic index (HSI), intraperitoneal fat ratio (IPF ratio), or muscle yield. However, hybrid Striped Bass fed the methionine-deficient diets had significantly (P
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evaluation of sulfur amino acid and zinc supplements to soybean meal based diets for hybrid Striped Bass
Aquaculture, 2010Co-Authors: Christine L Savolainen, Delbert M GatlinAbstract:Abstract Hybrid Striped Bass ( Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis ) aquaculture is a major commercial enterprise in the United States and internationally. Efforts to decrease diet costs and limit dependence on fishmeal have led to the development of plant-based diets as alternative aquafeeds. Due to limiting concentrations of some amino acids such as methionine and cystine, in plant meals such as soybean meal, supplementation of plant-based diets with methionine or other sulfur amino acid compounds may be required. High levels of soybean meal also may reduce the bioavailability of minerals such as zinc due to the inhibitory effects of phytate. Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate different sulfur amino acid and zinc supplements in soybean-meal-based diets with hybrid Striped Bass for possible refinement of diets and reduction of production costs. In the first feeding trial, a basal soybean-meal-based diet (56% soybean meal and 15% fishmeal) marginally deficient in total sulfur amino acids (TSAA) (1.10% methionine and cystine) was supplemented with either l -methionine, methionine hydroxyl analog (MHA) calcium salt or Mintrex® (liquid MHA with chelated zinc) and fed to triplicate groups of juvenile hybrid Striped Bass for 10 weeks. The different methionine supplements provided similar weight gain, feed efficiency ratio (FER) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) values that tended to be greater than observed in fish fed the basal diet. Mintrex® supplementation provided much higher plasma zinc concentrations compared to fish fed the other methionine supplements. In additional feeding trials, a soybean-meal-based control diet containing l -methionine to satisfy the requirement for TSAA was supplemented with varying concentrations of zinc sulfate or Mintrex®, each to provide 5, 10, and 20 μg Zn/kg diet, and fed to juvenile hybrid Striped Bass. The different zinc concentrations did not affect zinc integration into the scale or bone of hybrid Striped Bass after 8 weeks of feeding. Zinc from zinc sulfate in comparison to Mintrex® was absorbed slightly but significantly better based on postprandial serum zinc concentrations of fish fed the two products at the same dietary zinc concentration; however, these absorption differences did not affect long-term zinc deposition in the scale and bone.
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evaluation of crystalline amino acid test diets including ph adjustment with red drum sciaenops ocellatus and hybrid Striped Bass morone chrysops morone saxatilis
Aquaculture, 2005Co-Authors: Kasey W Whiteman, Delbert M GatlinAbstract:Abstract The red drum and hybrid Striped Bass are cultured in the United States for both stock enhancement and food production. Based on previous observations in this laboratory, the hybrid Striped Bass appeared to use pH-adjusted crystalline amino acid test diets more readily than the red drum. Therefore, the present study was conducted to directly compare responses of red drum and hybrid Striped Bass fed crystalline amino acids with and without neutralization (pH 7) relative to an intact protein diet composed of red drum muscle. Fifteen red drum (initially 1.5–2.5 g each) and 15 hybrid Striped Bass (4.5–5.5 g each) were placed separately in each of nine 38-l aquaria (18 aquaria total) as part of a brackish water (7‰) recirculation system. Each diet was randomly assigned to three replicate tanks of red drum and hybrid Striped Bass. After a 55-day feeding period, both red drum and hybrid Striped Bass fed the intact protein diet had significantly ( P
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carbohydrate utilization in Striped Bass morone saxatilis and sunshine Bass m chrysops m saxatilis
Aquaculture, 1998Co-Authors: S D Rawles, Delbert M GatlinAbstract:Abstract An 8-week feeding trial to determine the effects of carbohydrate complexity on growth and body composition of advanced Striped Bass and sunshine Bass fingerlings (80–85 g, initial weight) was followed by a digestibility trial to determine the effects on apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs). Fish were fed semi-purified, isonitrogenous (35% crude protein), isolipidic (5%) diets containing either no soluble carbohydrate or glucose, maltose, or dextrin at 25% of diet. Weight gain and feed efficiency of sunshine Bass was significantly greater than that of Striped Bass regardless of dietary treatment. Weight gain and feed efficiency of sunshine Bass increased with decreasing molecular weight of dietary carbohydrate whereas only dextrin inclusion significantly increased ( P
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effects of dietary carbohydrate lipid ratio on growth and body composition of hybrid Striped Bass
Journal of The World Aquaculture Society, 1992Co-Authors: Gholam R Nematipour, Michael L. Brown, Delbert M GatlinAbstract:A study was conducted to determine the ability of juvenile hybrid Striped Bass, Morone crysops ♀× M. saxatilis ♂, to utilize dietary carbohydrate and lipid for energy. Four semipurified diets containing 35% crude protein were formulated to be isocaloric with various levels of dextrin and menhaden fish oil 50 the carbohydrate: lipid ratio (CHO:L) ranged from 2510 to 42:2.5. Diets were fed in triplicate to groups of hybrid Striped Bass initially averaging 1.5 g/fish in 38 L aquaria receiving a constant supply of hard (> 180 mg/L as CaCO3) freshwater for a period of eight weeks. Weight gain, feed and protein efficiencies were similar among all dietary groups. Hepatosomatic index (liver weight × 100/body weight), muscle ratio (whole muscle weight × 100/body weight) and condition factor were also similar, while intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio (IPF weight × 100/ body weight) was significantly (P × 0.05) increased as CHO:L decreased. Proximate composition of muscle did not show any effects of diet. However, dry matter and lipid of whole-body increased significantly as CHO:L decreased; conversely whole-body protein was significantly reduced. Moreover, liver glycogen significantly increased as CHO:L decreased. These data indicate hybrid Striped Bass are able to efficiently utilize carbohydrate for energy; and dietary lipid, which generally caused increased lipid deposition in various tissues, could be partially replaced with carbohydrate to improve fish quality and productivity.
