The Experts below are selected from a list of 186 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Mary Jeanne Kreek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effects of Kappa opioid receptor blockade by LY2444296 HCl, a selective short-acting antagonist, during Chronic extended access cocaine self-administration and re-exposure in rat
    Psychopharmacology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Marta Valenza, Kyle A Windisch, Eduardo R. Butelman, Brian Reed, Mary Jeanne Kreek
    Abstract:

    Rationale Cocaine addiction is a Chronic Brain Disease characterized by compulsive drug intake and dysregulation of Brain reward systems. Few preclinical studies have modeled the natural longitudinal course of cocaine addiction. Extended access self-administration protocols are powerful tools for modeling the advanced stages of addiction; however, few studies have duration of drug access longer than 12 h/session, potentially limiting their construct validity. Identification of changes in cocaine intake patterns during the development of addictive-like states may allow better treatments for vulnerable subjects. The kappa opioid receptor (KOPr) system has been implicated in the neurobiological regulation of addictive states as well as mood and stress disorders, with selective KOPr antagonists proposed as possible pharmacotherapeutic agents. Chronic cocaine exposure increases the expression of KOPr and its endogenous agonists, the dynorphins, in several Brain areas in rodents. Objectives To examine the behavioral pattern of intake during Chronic (14 days) 18 h intravenous cocaine self-administration (0.5 mg/kg/infusion) and the effect of a novel short-acting KOPr antagonist LY2444296 HCl (3 mg/kg) administered during sessions 8 to 14 of Chronic 18 h/day cocaine self-administration and prior to a single re-exposure session after 2 cocaine-free withdrawal days. Results Both daily and hourly cocaine intake patterns changed over 14 days of 18 h self-administration. LY pretreatment affected the pattern of self-administration across the second week of extended access cocaine self-administration and prevented the increase in cocaine intake during re-exposure. Conclusions Overall, the KOPr antagonist attenuated escalated cocaine consumption in a rat model of extended access cocaine self-administration.

  • Glutamatergic and GABAergic susceptibility loci for heroin and cocaine addiction in subjects of African and European ancestry.
    Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 2015
    Co-Authors: Orna Levran, Einat Peles, Matthew Randesi, Joel Correa Da Rosa, John Rotrosen, Miriam Adelson, Mary Jeanne Kreek
    Abstract:

    Background: Drug addiction, a leading health problem, is a Chronic Brain Disease with a significant genetic component. Animal models and clinical studies established the involvement of glutamate and GABA neurotransmission in drug addiction. This study was designed to assess if 258 variants in 27 genes of these systems contribute to the vulnerability to develop drug addiction.

Anna-leena Sirén - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Erythropoietin: Novel Approaches to Neuroprotection in Human Brain Disease
    Metabolic Brain Disease, 2004
    Co-Authors: Hannelore Ehrenreich, Carlotta Aust, Henning Krampe, Henriette Jahn, Sonja Jacob, Manfred Herrmann, Anna-leena Sirén
    Abstract:

    With the increased life expectancy in western industrialized countries, the incidence and prevalence of Brain Diseases dramatically increased. Stroke and a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric illnesses such as Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic head injury, and schizophrenia all lead to severe disability. However, targeted effective therapies for treatment of these Diseases are lacking. Even more frustrating is the fact that we do not yet clearly understand the basic mechanisms underlying the Disease processes in these conditions. We propose a hypothesis of loss of neuronal function via a final common deleterious pathway in this clinically very heterogeneous Disease group. This review presents a novel neuroprotective concept for treatment of Brain Disease: Erythropoietin (EPO). EPO is a natural body-own-protein hormone that has been used for treatment of anemia for more than a decade. The neuroprotective approach using EPO in Brain Disease represents a totally new frontier. The “Göttingen EPO-stroke trial” represents the first effective use in man of a neuroprotective therapy in an acute Brain Disease while the experimental EPO therapy to combat cognitive decline in patients with schizophrenia will be introduced as an example of a neuroprotective strategy for a Chronic Brain Disease.

Hannelore Ehrenreich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in the Treatment of Human Brain Disease: Focus on Cognition
    Journal of Renal Nutrition, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hannelore Ehrenreich, Claudia Bartels, Derya Sargin, Sabina Stawicki, Henning Krampe
    Abstract:

    Treatment of human Brain Disease with erythropoietin (EPO) in order to achieve neuroprotection and/or neuroregeneration represents a totally new frontier in translational neuroscience. Rather than specifically targeting the cause of a particular Disease entity, EPO nonspecifically influences components of the "final common pathway" that determine Disease severity and progression in a number of entirely different Brain Diseases. EPO acts in an antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neurotrophic, angiogenetic, stem cell–modulatory fashion. Importantly, it appears to influence neural plasticity. Most likely due to these properties, EPO has been found by many investigators to be protective or regenerative and to improve cognitive performance in various rodent models of neurological and psychiatric Disease. The "Gottingen-EPO-stroke trial" has provided first promising data on humans for a neuroprotective therapy of an acute Brain Disease. Experimental EPO treatment to improve cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia represents a novel neuroregenerative strategy for a Chronic Brain Disease. An exploratory trial in Chronic progressive multiple sclerosis as an example of an inflammatory Disease of the nervous system yielded first positive results of EPO treatment on both motor function and cognition. These promising results are just the beginning and will hopefully stimulate further work along these lines.

  • Erythropoietin: Novel Approaches to Neuroprotection in Human Brain Disease
    Metabolic Brain Disease, 2004
    Co-Authors: Hannelore Ehrenreich, Carlotta Aust, Henning Krampe, Henriette Jahn, Sonja Jacob, Manfred Herrmann, Anna-leena Sirén
    Abstract:

    With the increased life expectancy in western industrialized countries, the incidence and prevalence of Brain Diseases dramatically increased. Stroke and a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric illnesses such as Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic head injury, and schizophrenia all lead to severe disability. However, targeted effective therapies for treatment of these Diseases are lacking. Even more frustrating is the fact that we do not yet clearly understand the basic mechanisms underlying the Disease processes in these conditions. We propose a hypothesis of loss of neuronal function via a final common deleterious pathway in this clinically very heterogeneous Disease group. This review presents a novel neuroprotective concept for treatment of Brain Disease: Erythropoietin (EPO). EPO is a natural body-own-protein hormone that has been used for treatment of anemia for more than a decade. The neuroprotective approach using EPO in Brain Disease represents a totally new frontier. The “Göttingen EPO-stroke trial” represents the first effective use in man of a neuroprotective therapy in an acute Brain Disease while the experimental EPO therapy to combat cognitive decline in patients with schizophrenia will be introduced as an example of a neuroprotective strategy for a Chronic Brain Disease.

Henning Krampe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in the Treatment of Human Brain Disease: Focus on Cognition
    Journal of Renal Nutrition, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hannelore Ehrenreich, Claudia Bartels, Derya Sargin, Sabina Stawicki, Henning Krampe
    Abstract:

    Treatment of human Brain Disease with erythropoietin (EPO) in order to achieve neuroprotection and/or neuroregeneration represents a totally new frontier in translational neuroscience. Rather than specifically targeting the cause of a particular Disease entity, EPO nonspecifically influences components of the "final common pathway" that determine Disease severity and progression in a number of entirely different Brain Diseases. EPO acts in an antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neurotrophic, angiogenetic, stem cell–modulatory fashion. Importantly, it appears to influence neural plasticity. Most likely due to these properties, EPO has been found by many investigators to be protective or regenerative and to improve cognitive performance in various rodent models of neurological and psychiatric Disease. The "Gottingen-EPO-stroke trial" has provided first promising data on humans for a neuroprotective therapy of an acute Brain Disease. Experimental EPO treatment to improve cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia represents a novel neuroregenerative strategy for a Chronic Brain Disease. An exploratory trial in Chronic progressive multiple sclerosis as an example of an inflammatory Disease of the nervous system yielded first positive results of EPO treatment on both motor function and cognition. These promising results are just the beginning and will hopefully stimulate further work along these lines.

  • Erythropoietin: Novel Approaches to Neuroprotection in Human Brain Disease
    Metabolic Brain Disease, 2004
    Co-Authors: Hannelore Ehrenreich, Carlotta Aust, Henning Krampe, Henriette Jahn, Sonja Jacob, Manfred Herrmann, Anna-leena Sirén
    Abstract:

    With the increased life expectancy in western industrialized countries, the incidence and prevalence of Brain Diseases dramatically increased. Stroke and a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric illnesses such as Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic head injury, and schizophrenia all lead to severe disability. However, targeted effective therapies for treatment of these Diseases are lacking. Even more frustrating is the fact that we do not yet clearly understand the basic mechanisms underlying the Disease processes in these conditions. We propose a hypothesis of loss of neuronal function via a final common deleterious pathway in this clinically very heterogeneous Disease group. This review presents a novel neuroprotective concept for treatment of Brain Disease: Erythropoietin (EPO). EPO is a natural body-own-protein hormone that has been used for treatment of anemia for more than a decade. The neuroprotective approach using EPO in Brain Disease represents a totally new frontier. The “Göttingen EPO-stroke trial” represents the first effective use in man of a neuroprotective therapy in an acute Brain Disease while the experimental EPO therapy to combat cognitive decline in patients with schizophrenia will be introduced as an example of a neuroprotective strategy for a Chronic Brain Disease.

Stanton Peele - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • People Control Their Addictions: No matter how much the “Chronic” Brain Disease model of addiction indicates otherwise, we know that people can quit addictions – with special reference to harm reduction and mindfulness
    Addictive Behaviors Reports, 2016
    Co-Authors: Stanton Peele
    Abstract:

    Abstract The world, led by the United States, is hell bent on establishing the absence of choice in addiction, as expressed by the defining statement that addiction is a “ Chronic relapsing Brain Disease” (my emphasis). The figure most associated with this model, the director of the American National Institute on Drug Abuse, Nora Volkow, claims that addiction vitiates free will through its effects on the Brain. In reality, while by no means a simple task, people regularly quit their substance addictions, often by moderating their consumption, usually through mindfulness-mediated processes (Peele, 2007). Ironically, the Brain Disease model's ascendance in the U.S. corresponds with epidemic rises in opiate addiction, both painkillers ( Brady et al., 2016 ) and heroin ( CDC, n.d. ), as well as heroin, painkiller, and tranquilizer poisoning deaths ( Rudd et al., 2016 ). More to the point, the conceptual and treatment goal of eliminating choice in addiction and recovery is not only futile, but iatrogenic. Indeed, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism's epidemiological surveys, while finding natural recovery for both drug and alcohol disorders to be typical, has found a decline in natural recovery rates (Dawson et al., 2005) and a sharp increase in AUDs (Grant et al., 2015).

  • The Meaning of Addiction: DSM-5 Gives the Lie to Addiction as a Chronic Brain Disease
    2010
    Co-Authors: Stanton Peele, Jd
    Abstract:

    Although Charles O’Brien, MD, who heads the substance-related disorders work group, is a vigorous proponent of the notion of addiction as a Disease, nothing about the proposed DSM-5 substance-related disorders section supports the idea that the syndrome is best understood as a Chronic Brain Disease.