The Experts below are selected from a list of 11487 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Brad Bolon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Toxicologic Pathology Analysis for Translational Neuroscience: Improving Human Risk Assessment Using Optimized Animal Data.
International Journal of Toxicology, 2016Co-Authors: Alok K. Sharma, James P. Morrison, Ingrid D. Pardo, Robert H. Garman, Deepa B. Rao, Brad BolonAbstract:A half-day American College of Toxicology continuing education course presented key issues often confronted by Translational neuroscientists when predicting human risk from animal-derived toxicologic pathology data. Two talks correlated discrete structures with major functions in brains of rodents and nonrodents. The third lecture provided practical advice to obtain highly homologous rodent brain sections for quantitative morphometry in developmental neurotoxicity testing. The last presentation discussed demographic influences (eg, species, strain, sex, age), physiological attributes (eg, body composition, brain vascularity, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic patterns, etc), and husbandry parameters (eg, group housing) recognized to impact the actions of neuroactive chemicals. Speakers described common cases of real-world challenges to animal data interpretation encountered when designing studies or extrapolating biological responses across species. The efficiency of Translational Neuroscience efforts will likely be enhanced as new methods (eg, high-resolution non-invasive imaging) improve our capability to cross-connect subtle anatomic and/or biochemical lesions with functional changes over time.
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fundamentals of Translational Neuroscience in toxicologic pathology optimizing the value of animal data for human risk assessment
Toxicologic Pathology, 2015Co-Authors: James P. Morrison, Alok K. Sharma, Ingrid D. Pardo, Robert H. Garman, Wolfgang Kaufmann, Brad BolonAbstract:A half-day Society of Toxicologic Pathology continuing education course on “Fundamentals of Translational Neuroscience in Toxicologic Pathology” presented some current major issues faced when extra...
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Fundamentals of Translational Neuroscience in Toxicologic Pathology
Toxicologic Pathology, 2014Co-Authors: James P. Morrison, Alok K. Sharma, Deepa Rao, Ingrid D. Pardo, Robert H. Garman, Wolfgang Kaufmann, Brad BolonAbstract:A half-day Society of Toxicologic Pathology continuing education course on “Fundamentals of Translational Neuroscience in Toxicologic Pathology” presented some current major issues faced when extrapolating animal data regarding potential neurological consequences to assess potential human outcomes. Two talks reviewed functional–structural correlates in rodent and nonrodent mammalian brains needed to predict behavioral consequences of morphologic changes in discrete neural cell populations. The third lecture described practical steps for ensuring that specimens from rodent developmental neurotoxicity tests will be processed correctly to produce highly homologous sections. The fourth talk detailed demographic factors (e.g., species, strain, sex, and age); physiological traits (body composition, brain circulation, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic patterns, etc.); and husbandry influences (e.g., group housing) known to alter the effects of neuroactive agents. The last presentation discussed the appearance, unk...
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stp 2014 continuing education course 3 fundamentals of Translational Neuroscience in toxicologic pathology optimizing the value of animal data for human risk assessment
Toxicologic Pathology, 2014Co-Authors: James P. Morrison, Wolfgang Kaufmann, Lok A K Sharma, I Ngrid, Dayssy Alexandra Diaz Pardo, Obert R H Garman, Brad BolonAbstract:A half-day Society of Toxicologic Pathology continuing education course on ‘‘Fundamentals of Translational Neuroscience in ToxicologicPathology’’ presented some current major issues faced when extrapolating animal data regarding potential neurological consequences to assesspotential human outcomes. Two talks reviewed functional–structural correlates in rodent and nonrodent mammalian brains needed to predict beha-vioral consequences of morphologic changes in discrete neural cell populations. The third lecture described practical steps for ensuring that speci-mens from rodent developmental neurotoxicity tests will be processed correctly to produce highly homologous sections. The fourth talk detaileddemographic factors (e.g., species, strain, sex, and age); physiological traits (body composition, brain circulation, pharmacokinetic/pharmacody-namic patterns, etc.); and husbandry influences (e.g., group housing) known to alter the effects of neuroactive agents. The last presentation discussedthe appearance, unknown functional effects, and potential relevance to humans of polyethylene glycol (PEG)–associated vacuoles within the choroidplexus epithelium of animals. Speakers provided real-world examples of challenges with data extrapolation among species or with study design con-siderations that may impact the interpretability of results. Translational Neuroscience will be bolstered in the future as less invasive and/or morequantitative techniques are devised for linking overt functional deficits to subtle anatomic and chemical lesions.Keywords: nervous system; neuroanatomy; neuropathology; neurotoxicity; Neuroscience; Translational medicine; PEGylation.
Dan J Stein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Translational Neuroscience of basolateral amygdala lesions studies of urbach wiethe disease
Journal of Neuroscience Research, 2016Co-Authors: N. Koen, Dan J Stein, J. Fourie, David Terburg, Ron Stoop, Barak Morgan, J. Van HonkAbstract:Urbach-Wiethe disease (UWD) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by mutations in the extracellular matrix protein 1 gene on chromosome 1. Typical clinical manifestations include voice hoarseness in early infancy and neuropsychiatric, laryngeal, and dermatological pathologies later in life. Neuroimaging studies have revealed a pattern of brain calcification often but not exclusively leading to selective bilateral amygdala damage. A large body of work on amygdala lesions in rodents exists, generally employing a subregion model focused on the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the central-medial amygdala. However, human work usually considers the amygdala as a unified structure, not only complicating the translation of animal findings to humans but also providing a unique opportunity for further research. To compare data from rodent models with human cases and to complement existing data from Europe and North America, a series of investigations was undertaken on UWD subjects with selective BLA damage in the Namaqualand region, South Africa. This review presents key findings from this work, including fear processing, social-economic behavior, and emotional conflict processing. Our findings are broadly consistent with and support rodent models of selective BLA lesions and show that the BLA is integral to processing sensory stimuli and exhibits inhibitory regulation of responses to unconditioned innate fear stimuli. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the human BLA mediates calculative-instrumental economic behaviors and may compromise working memory via competition for attentional resources between the BLA salience detection system and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex working memory system.
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Translational Neuroscience of basolateral amygdala lesions: Studies of urbach‐wiethe disease
Journal of Neuroscience Research, 2016Co-Authors: N. Koen, Dan J Stein, J. Fourie, David Terburg, Ron Stoop, Barak Morgan, J. Van HonkAbstract:Urbach-Wiethe disease (UWD) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by mutations in the extracellular matrix protein 1 gene on chromosome 1. Typical clinical manifestations include voice hoarseness in early infancy and neuropsychiatric, laryngeal, and dermatological pathologies later in life. Neuroimaging studies have revealed a pattern of brain calcification often but not exclusively leading to selective bilateral amygdala damage. A large body of work on amygdala lesions in rodents exists, generally employing a subregion model focused on the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the central-medial amygdala. However, human work usually considers the amygdala as a unified structure, not only complicating the translation of animal findings to humans but also providing a unique opportunity for further research. To compare data from rodent models with human cases and to complement existing data from Europe and North America, a series of investigations was undertaken on UWD subjects with selective BLA damage in the Namaqualand region, South Africa. This review presents key findings from this work, including fear processing, social-economic behavior, and emotional conflict processing. Our findings are broadly consistent with and support rodent models of selective BLA lesions and show that the BLA is integral to processing sensory stimuli and exhibits inhibitory regulation of responses to unconditioned innate fear stimuli. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the human BLA mediates calculative-instrumental economic behaviors and may compromise working memory via competition for attentional resources between the BLA salience detection system and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex working memory system.
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Global mental health and Neuroscience: potential synergies.
The Lancet Psychiatry, 2015Co-Authors: Dan J Stein, Anthony G. Phillips, Barbara J. Sahakian, John Williams, Vikram PatelAbstract:Global mental health has emerged as an important specialty. It has drawn attention to the burden of mental illness and to the relative gap in mental health research and services around the world. Global mental health has raised the question of whether this gap is a developmental issue, a health issue, a human rights issue, or a combination of these issues-and it has raised awareness of the need to develop new approaches for building capacity, mobilising resources, and closing the research and treatment gap. Translational Neuroscience has also advanced. It comprises an important conceptual approach to understanding the neurocircuitry and molecular basis of mental disorders, to rethinking how best to undertake research on the aetiology, assessment, and treatment of these disorders, with the ultimate aim to develop entirely new approaches to prevention and intervention. Some apparent contrasts exist between these fields; global mental health emphasises knowledge translation, moving away from the bedside to a focus on health systems, whereas Translational Neuroscience emphasises molecular Neuroscience, focusing on transitions between the bench and bedside. Meanwhile, important opportunities exist for synergy between the two paradigms, to ensure that present opportunities in mental health research and services are maximised. Here, we review the approaches of global mental health and clinical Neuroscience to diagnosis, pathogenesis, and intervention, and make recommendations for facilitating an integration of these two perspectives.
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understanding somatic symptom disorder the role of Translational Neuroscience
Biological Psychiatry, 2013Co-Authors: Dan J SteinAbstract:Depression, anxiety, and somatoform disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders; they have overlapping symptoms, and they frequently co-occur. In many respects, however, somatoform disorders, such as somatization disorder, have received the least attention from researchers. First, relatively few randomized controlled trials have been undertaken on these disorders, although some presumably related conditions, such as fibromyalgia, now have Food and Drug Administration approved drug treatments. Second, there are comparatively few studies of the neurobiology of these conditions, although there have been significant advances in the clinical Neuroscience of pain. Third, there are few animal models of somatoform disorders, although, again, there have been important advances in the basic Neuroscience of pain. Alvarez et al. (1) potentially provide new insights into this field by using a rodent model of early-life stress, restriction of nesting material (2,3). Maternal separation is a well-known model of early adversity, but the neonatal limited bedding (NLB) paradigm seems especially useful insofar as it results in erratic maternal care (rather than no care) and like other validated early-life stress models is accompanied by alterations in behavior and cognition, as well as in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2,3). Furthermore, while maternal separation leads to inconsistent changes in pain thresholds, earlier work from the authors’ laboratory indicated that animals subjected to NLB demonstrate clear hyperalgesia and nociceptor sensitization later in life (4). Importantly, the NLB model is consistent with human studies demonstrating associations between early-life adversity and subsequent pain symptoms. And in the current publication, Alvarez et al. (1) contribute to understanding the underlying mechanisms that govern the association between early-life stress and subsequent hyperalgesia. In particular, they elegantly demonstrate roles for interleukin-6 and for the adrenal catecholamine system. These findings are broadly consistent with a growing animal and human literature demonstrating links between early exposure to environments characterized by adversity and subsequent disruptions in the endocrine, immune, and monoamine systems (5,6). More work will be needed to understand the precise genetic contributors and gene-environment interactions that lead to somatic symptoms. Indeed, the work of Alvarez et al. (1) would seem to provide a useful base for helping to build a Translational Neuroscience approach to DSM-IV somatization disorder or pain disorder. This would be consistent with a growing vision of psychosomatic medicine resting on a foundation of fundamental Neuroscience (7). Such a vision nevertheless faces a number of challenges.
James P. Morrison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Toxicologic Pathology Analysis for Translational Neuroscience: Improving Human Risk Assessment Using Optimized Animal Data.
International Journal of Toxicology, 2016Co-Authors: Alok K. Sharma, James P. Morrison, Ingrid D. Pardo, Robert H. Garman, Deepa B. Rao, Brad BolonAbstract:A half-day American College of Toxicology continuing education course presented key issues often confronted by Translational neuroscientists when predicting human risk from animal-derived toxicologic pathology data. Two talks correlated discrete structures with major functions in brains of rodents and nonrodents. The third lecture provided practical advice to obtain highly homologous rodent brain sections for quantitative morphometry in developmental neurotoxicity testing. The last presentation discussed demographic influences (eg, species, strain, sex, age), physiological attributes (eg, body composition, brain vascularity, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic patterns, etc), and husbandry parameters (eg, group housing) recognized to impact the actions of neuroactive chemicals. Speakers described common cases of real-world challenges to animal data interpretation encountered when designing studies or extrapolating biological responses across species. The efficiency of Translational Neuroscience efforts will likely be enhanced as new methods (eg, high-resolution non-invasive imaging) improve our capability to cross-connect subtle anatomic and/or biochemical lesions with functional changes over time.
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fundamentals of Translational Neuroscience in toxicologic pathology optimizing the value of animal data for human risk assessment
Toxicologic Pathology, 2015Co-Authors: James P. Morrison, Alok K. Sharma, Ingrid D. Pardo, Robert H. Garman, Wolfgang Kaufmann, Brad BolonAbstract:A half-day Society of Toxicologic Pathology continuing education course on “Fundamentals of Translational Neuroscience in Toxicologic Pathology” presented some current major issues faced when extra...
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Fundamentals of Translational Neuroscience in Toxicologic Pathology
Toxicologic Pathology, 2014Co-Authors: James P. Morrison, Alok K. Sharma, Deepa Rao, Ingrid D. Pardo, Robert H. Garman, Wolfgang Kaufmann, Brad BolonAbstract:A half-day Society of Toxicologic Pathology continuing education course on “Fundamentals of Translational Neuroscience in Toxicologic Pathology” presented some current major issues faced when extrapolating animal data regarding potential neurological consequences to assess potential human outcomes. Two talks reviewed functional–structural correlates in rodent and nonrodent mammalian brains needed to predict behavioral consequences of morphologic changes in discrete neural cell populations. The third lecture described practical steps for ensuring that specimens from rodent developmental neurotoxicity tests will be processed correctly to produce highly homologous sections. The fourth talk detailed demographic factors (e.g., species, strain, sex, and age); physiological traits (body composition, brain circulation, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic patterns, etc.); and husbandry influences (e.g., group housing) known to alter the effects of neuroactive agents. The last presentation discussed the appearance, unk...
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stp 2014 continuing education course 3 fundamentals of Translational Neuroscience in toxicologic pathology optimizing the value of animal data for human risk assessment
Toxicologic Pathology, 2014Co-Authors: James P. Morrison, Wolfgang Kaufmann, Lok A K Sharma, I Ngrid, Dayssy Alexandra Diaz Pardo, Obert R H Garman, Brad BolonAbstract:A half-day Society of Toxicologic Pathology continuing education course on ‘‘Fundamentals of Translational Neuroscience in ToxicologicPathology’’ presented some current major issues faced when extrapolating animal data regarding potential neurological consequences to assesspotential human outcomes. Two talks reviewed functional–structural correlates in rodent and nonrodent mammalian brains needed to predict beha-vioral consequences of morphologic changes in discrete neural cell populations. The third lecture described practical steps for ensuring that speci-mens from rodent developmental neurotoxicity tests will be processed correctly to produce highly homologous sections. The fourth talk detaileddemographic factors (e.g., species, strain, sex, and age); physiological traits (body composition, brain circulation, pharmacokinetic/pharmacody-namic patterns, etc.); and husbandry influences (e.g., group housing) known to alter the effects of neuroactive agents. The last presentation discussedthe appearance, unknown functional effects, and potential relevance to humans of polyethylene glycol (PEG)–associated vacuoles within the choroidplexus epithelium of animals. Speakers provided real-world examples of challenges with data extrapolation among species or with study design con-siderations that may impact the interpretability of results. Translational Neuroscience will be bolstered in the future as less invasive and/or morequantitative techniques are devised for linking overt functional deficits to subtle anatomic and chemical lesions.Keywords: nervous system; neuroanatomy; neuropathology; neurotoxicity; Neuroscience; Translational medicine; PEGylation.
Philip A. Fisher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Levers and barriers to success in the use of Translational Neuroscience for the prevention and treatment of mental health and promotion of well-being across the lifespan.
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Sarah R. Horn, Philip A. Fisher, Jennifer H. Pfeifer, Nicholas B. Allen, Elliot T. BerkmanAbstract:Neuroscientific tools and approaches such as neuroimaging, measures of neuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune activity, and peripheral physiology are increasingly used in clinical science and health psychology research. We define Translational Neuroscience (TN) as a systematic, theory-driven approach that aims to develop and leverage basic and clinical neuroscientific knowledge to aid the development and optimization of clinical and public health interventions. There is considerable potential across basic and clinical science fields for this approach to provide insights into mental and physical health pathology that had previously been inaccessible. For example, TN might hold the potential to enhance diagnostic specificity, better recognize increased vulnerability in at-risk populations, and augment intervention efficacy. Despite this potential, there has been limited consideration of the advantages and limitations of such an approach. In this article, we articulate extant challenges in defining TN and propose a unifying conceptualization. We illustrate how TN can inform the application of neuroscientific tools to realistically guide clinical research and inform intervention design. We outline specific leverage points of the TN approach and barriers to progress. Ten principles of TN are presented to guide and shape the emerging field. We close by articulating ongoing issues facing TN research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Leveraging Translational Neuroscience to inform early intervention and addiction prevention for children exposed to early life stress
Neurobiology of Stress, 2018Co-Authors: Leslie E. Roos, Sarah R. Horn, Elliot T. Berkman, Katherine C. Pears, Philip A. FisherAbstract:Abstract Substance use and addiction are disproportionately experienced by individuals with a history of exposure to early life stress (ELS), such as maltreatment, domestic violence and parent psychopathology. Unfortunately, extant interventions have mixed effectiveness at improving outcome trajectories for ELS-exposed children, who are often underserved by evidenced-based programs. Here, we employ a Translational Neuroscience framework to delineate how Neuroscience can deepen our understanding of ELS-linked alterations in children's function to inform the development of more targeted, effective early intervention and addiction prevention programs. Candidate neural pathways altered by ELS and linked to addiction are described across sensory, affective, motivational, and executive function domains. Next, we provide an example of the application of Translational Neuroscience principles in a family of early interventions (i.e. Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care – Preschool, Kids in Transition to School) focused on improving self-regulation in ELS-exposed children. Future directions and areas of unmet need in intervention research detail the significant potential of Translational Neuroscience to advance interventionists' ability to support positive adjustment in ELS-exposed children and prevent harmful addiction outcomes.
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Social-learning parenting intervention research in the era of Translational Neuroscience.
Current Opinion in Psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Philip A. Fisher, Elizabeth A. SkowronAbstract:In the decades since social learning parenting interventions emerged, many evidence-based programs have been implemented at scale in community settings, and much research is now focusing on ways to maintain fidelity and impact during the implementation process. Notably, a considerable amount of theoretical confluence has occurred in parenting interventions from social learning, attachment, and other theoretical perspectives, with parent coaching as an example of this new generation of relational interventions. In addition, research examining the neurobiological effects of early adverse experiences is providing insight into key mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of social learning parenting interventions, and new strategies for tailoring interventions to the needs of specific populations are being developed, making interventions more efficient, precise, and effective.
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promoting healthy child development via a two generation Translational Neuroscience framework the filming interactions to nurture development video coaching program
Child Development Perspectives, 2016Co-Authors: Philip A. Fisher, Tahl I. Frenkel, Laura K. Noll, Melanie Berry, Melissa YockelsonAbstract:In this article, we focus on applying methods of Translational Neuroscience to two-generation, family-based interventions. In recent years, a small but growing body of evidence has documented the reversibility of some of the neurobiological effects of early adversity in the context of environmental early interventions. Some of these interventions are now being implemented at scale, which may help reduce disparities in the face of early life stress. Further progress may occur by extending these efforts to two-generation models that target caregivers’ capabilities to improve children's outcomes. In this article, we describe the content and processes of the Filming Interactions to Nurture Development (FIND) video coaching intervention. We also discuss the two-generation, Translational Neuroscience framework on which FIND is based, and how similar approaches can be developed and scaled to mitigate the effects of adversity.
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Translational Neuroscience as a Tool for Intervention Development in the Context of High-Adversity Families.
New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2016Co-Authors: Philip A. FisherAbstract:The use of theory-driven models to develop and evaluate family-based intervention programs has a long history in psychology. Some of the first evidence-based parenting programs to address child problem behavior, developed in the 1970s, were grounded in causal models derived from longitudinal developmental research. The same Translational strategies can also be applied to designing programs that leverage emerging scientific knowledge about the effects of early adverse experiences on neurobiological systems to reduce risk and promote well-being. By specifying not only behavioral targets but also affected underlying neural systems, interventions can become more precise and efficient. This chapter describes the development of a program of research focusing on an intervention for young children in foster care. The intervention emerged from social learning theory research and employs a Translational Neuroscience approach. The conceptual model guiding the research, which incorporates behavioral domains as well as stress-regulatory neural systems, is described. Finally, future directions for Translational Neuroscience in family-based intervention research are considered.
J. Van Honk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Translational Neuroscience of basolateral amygdala lesions studies of urbach wiethe disease
Journal of Neuroscience Research, 2016Co-Authors: N. Koen, Dan J Stein, J. Fourie, David Terburg, Ron Stoop, Barak Morgan, J. Van HonkAbstract:Urbach-Wiethe disease (UWD) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by mutations in the extracellular matrix protein 1 gene on chromosome 1. Typical clinical manifestations include voice hoarseness in early infancy and neuropsychiatric, laryngeal, and dermatological pathologies later in life. Neuroimaging studies have revealed a pattern of brain calcification often but not exclusively leading to selective bilateral amygdala damage. A large body of work on amygdala lesions in rodents exists, generally employing a subregion model focused on the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the central-medial amygdala. However, human work usually considers the amygdala as a unified structure, not only complicating the translation of animal findings to humans but also providing a unique opportunity for further research. To compare data from rodent models with human cases and to complement existing data from Europe and North America, a series of investigations was undertaken on UWD subjects with selective BLA damage in the Namaqualand region, South Africa. This review presents key findings from this work, including fear processing, social-economic behavior, and emotional conflict processing. Our findings are broadly consistent with and support rodent models of selective BLA lesions and show that the BLA is integral to processing sensory stimuli and exhibits inhibitory regulation of responses to unconditioned innate fear stimuli. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the human BLA mediates calculative-instrumental economic behaviors and may compromise working memory via competition for attentional resources between the BLA salience detection system and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex working memory system.
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Translational Neuroscience of basolateral amygdala lesions: Studies of urbach‐wiethe disease
Journal of Neuroscience Research, 2016Co-Authors: N. Koen, Dan J Stein, J. Fourie, David Terburg, Ron Stoop, Barak Morgan, J. Van HonkAbstract:Urbach-Wiethe disease (UWD) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by mutations in the extracellular matrix protein 1 gene on chromosome 1. Typical clinical manifestations include voice hoarseness in early infancy and neuropsychiatric, laryngeal, and dermatological pathologies later in life. Neuroimaging studies have revealed a pattern of brain calcification often but not exclusively leading to selective bilateral amygdala damage. A large body of work on amygdala lesions in rodents exists, generally employing a subregion model focused on the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the central-medial amygdala. However, human work usually considers the amygdala as a unified structure, not only complicating the translation of animal findings to humans but also providing a unique opportunity for further research. To compare data from rodent models with human cases and to complement existing data from Europe and North America, a series of investigations was undertaken on UWD subjects with selective BLA damage in the Namaqualand region, South Africa. This review presents key findings from this work, including fear processing, social-economic behavior, and emotional conflict processing. Our findings are broadly consistent with and support rodent models of selective BLA lesions and show that the BLA is integral to processing sensory stimuli and exhibits inhibitory regulation of responses to unconditioned innate fear stimuli. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the human BLA mediates calculative-instrumental economic behaviors and may compromise working memory via competition for attentional resources between the BLA salience detection system and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex working memory system.
