The Experts below are selected from a list of 306 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Anna Wirzjustice - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chronobiology and mood disorders
    Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 2003
    Co-Authors: Anna Wirzjustice
    Abstract:

    The clinical observations of diurnal variation of mood and early morning awakening in depression have been incorporated into established diagnostic systems, as has the seasonal modifier defining winter depression (seasonal affective disorder, SAD). Many circadian rhythms measured in depressive patients are abnormal: earlier in timing, diminished in amplitude, or of greater variability. Whether these disturbances are of etiological significance for the role of circadian rhythms in mood disorders, or a consequence of altered behavior can only be dissected out with stringent protocols (eg, constant routine or forced desynchrony). These protocols quantify contributions of the circadian pacemaker and a homeostatic sleep process impacting on mood, energy, appetite, and sleep. Future studies will elucidate any allelic mutations in “circadian clock” –related or “sleep”-related genes in depression. With respect to treatment, antidepressants and mood stabilizers have no consistent effect on circadian rhythmicity. The most rapid antidepressant modality known so far is nonpharmacological: total or partial sleep deprivation in the second half of the night. The disadvantage of sleep deprivation, that most patients relapse after recovery sleep, can be prevented by coadministration of lithium, pindolol, serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors, bright light, or a subsequent phase-advance procedure. Phase advance of the sleep-wake cycle alone also has rapid effects on depressed mood, which lasts longer than sleep deprivation. Light is the treatment of choice for SAD and may prove to be useful for nonseasonal depression, alone or as an adjunct to medication. Chronobiological concepts emphasize the important role of zeitgebers to stabilize phase, light being the most important, but dark (and rest) periods, regularity of social schedules and meal times, and use of melatonin or its analogues should also be considered. Advances in Chronobiology continue to contribute novel treatments for affective disorders.

Sandy Kuiper - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chronobiology of mood disorders
    Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2013
    Co-Authors: Gin S Malhi, Sandy Kuiper
    Abstract:

    Objective As part of a series of papers examining Chronobiology [‘Getting depression clinical guidelines right: time for change?’ Kuiper et al. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2013;128(Suppl. 444):24–30; and ‘Manipulating melatonin in managing mood’ Boyce & Hopwood. ActaPsychiatrScand 2013;128(Suppl. 444):16–23], in this article, we review and synthesise the extant literature pertaining to the Chronobiology of depression and provide a preliminary model for understanding the neural systems involved. Method A selective literature search was conducted using search engines such as MEDLINE/PubMed, combining terms associated with Chronobiology and mood disorders. Results We propose that understanding of sleep–wake function and mood can be enhanced by simultaneously considering the circadian system, the sleep homoeostat and the core stress system, all of which are likely to be simultaneously disrupted in major mood disorders. This integrative approach is likely to allow flexible modelling of a much broader range of mood disorder presentations and phenomenology. Conclusion A preliminary multifaceted model is presented, which will require further development and testing. Future depression research should aim to examine multiple systems concurrently in order to derive a more sophisticated understanding of the underlying neurobiology.

Michael H. Smolensky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ethics and methods for biological rhythm research on animals and human beings
    Chronobiology International, 2010
    Co-Authors: Francesco Portaluppi, Michael H. Smolensky, Yvan Touitou
    Abstract:

    This article updates the ethical standards and methods for the conduct of high-quality animal and human biological rhythm research, which should be especially useful for new investigators of the rhythms of life. The editors of Chronobiology International adhere to and endorse the Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines of the Committee On Publication Ethics (COPE), which encourages communication of such updates at regular intervals in the journal. The journal accepts papers representing original work, no part of which was previously submitted for publication elsewhere, except as brief abstracts, as well as in-depth reviews. The majority of research papers published in Chronobiology International entails animal and human investigations. The editors and readers of the journal expect authors of submitted manuscripts to have made an important contribution to the research of biological rhythms and related phenomena using ethical methods/procedures and unbiased, accurate, and honest reporting of findings. ...

  • Chronobiology drug delivery and chronotherapeutics
    Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2007
    Co-Authors: Michael H. Smolensky, Nicholas A Peppas
    Abstract:

    Abstract Biological processes and functions are organized in space, as a physical anatomy, and time, as a biological time structure. The latter is expressed by short-, intermediate-, and long-period oscillations, i.e. , biological rhythms. The circadian (24-h) time structure has been most studied and shows great importance to the practice of medicine and pharmacotherapy of patients. The phase and amplitude of key physiological and biochemical circadian rhythms contribute to the known predictable-in-time patterns in the occurrence of serious and life-threatening medical events, like myocardial infraction and stroke, and the manifestation and severity of symptoms of chronic diseases, like allergic rhinitis, asthma, and arthritis. Moreover, body rhythms can significantly affect responses of patients to diagnostic tests and, most important to the theme of this special issue, medications. Rhythmicity in the pathophysiology of disease is one basis for chronotherapeutics — purposeful variation in time of the concentration of medicines in synchrony with biological rhythm determinants of disease activity — to optimize treatment outcomes. A second basis is the control of undesired effects of medications, especially when the therapeutic range is narrow and the potential for adverse effects high, which is the case for cancer drugs. A third basis is to meet the biological requirements for frequency-modulated drug delivery, which is the case for certain neuroendocrine peptide analogues. Great progress has been realized with hydrogels, and they offer many advantages and opportunities in the design of chronotherapeutic systems for drug delivery via the oral, buccal, nasal, subcutaneous, transdermal, rectal, and vaginal routes. Nonetheless, innovative delivery systems will be necessary to ensure optimal application of chronotherapeutic interventions. Next generation drug-delivery systems must be configurable so they (i) require minimal volitional adherence, (ii) respond to sensitive biomarkers of disease activity that often vary in time as periodic (circadian rhythmic) and non-periodic (random) patterns to release medication to targeted tissue(s) on a real time as needed basis, and (iii) are cost-effective.

  • medical Chronobiology concepts and applications
    The American review of respiratory disease, 1993
    Co-Authors: Michael H. Smolensky, Gilbert E Dalonzo
    Abstract:

    Chronobiology is the study of biologic rhythms and biologic time structure. Medical Chronobiology, in particular, is concerned with circadian (24-h) and other bioperiodic influences on human diseases such as (1) their occurrence or variation in severity over the 24-h or other time scale, (2) response of patients to diagnostic procedures and tests and, (3) the effect of medical treatments. The symptoms of chronic diseases—allergic rhinitis, regular and variant type angina, rheumatoid and osteoarthritis, asthma, epilepsy, hypertension and ulcer disease, for example, commonly exhibit circadian, menstrual cycle (in women), and seasonal patterns. The life-threatening events of myocardial and cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage also exhibit predictable-in-time patterns over 24 h and the year. In the clinic, bioperiodicities strongly influence the results of blood pressure assessment, cutaneous antigen testing and spirometric evaluation, to mention but a few. Bodily rhythms also affect the pharmacokineti...

Martin Bulla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • methods in field Chronobiology
    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 2017
    Co-Authors: Davide M Dominoni, Susanne Akesson, Raymond H G Klaassen, Kamiel Spoelstra, Martin Bulla
    Abstract:

    Chronobiological research has seen a continuous development of novel approaches and techniques to measure rhythmicity at different levels of biological organization from locomotor activity (e.g. migratory restlessness) to physiology (e.g. temperature and hormone rhythms, and relatively recently also in genes, proteins and metabolites). However, the methodological advancements in this field have been mostly and sometimes exclusively used only in indoor laboratory settings. In parallel, there has been an unprecedented and rapid improvement in our ability to track animals and their behaviour in the wild. However, while the spatial analysis of tracking data is widespread, its temporal aspect is largely unexplored. Here, we review the tools that are available or have potential to record rhythms in the wild animals with emphasis on currently overlooked approaches and monitoring systems. We then demonstrate, in three question-driven case studies, how the integration of traditional and newer approaches can help answer novel chronobiological questions in free-living animals. Finally, we highlight unresolved issues in field Chronobiology that may benefit from technological development in the future. As most of the studies in the field are descriptive, the future challenge lies in applying the diverse technologies to experimental set-ups in the wild. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Wild clocks: integrating Chronobiology and ecology to understand timekeeping in free-living animals’.

  • methods in field Chronobiology
    bioRxiv, 2017
    Co-Authors: Davide M Dominoni, Susanne Akesson, Raymond H G Klaassen, Kamiel Spoelstra, Martin Bulla
    Abstract:

    Chronobiological research has seen a continuous development of novel approaches and techniques to measure rhythmicity at different levels of biological organization from locomotor activity (e.g. migratory restlessness) to physiology (e.g. temperature and hormone rhythms, and relatively recently also in genes, proteins and metabolites). However, the methodological advancements in this field have been mostly and sometimes exclusively used only in indoor laboratory settings. In parallel, there has been an unprecedented and rapid improvement in our ability to track animals and their behaviour in the wild. However, while the spatial analysis of tracking data is widespread, its temporal aspect is largely unexplored. Here, we review the tools that are available or have potential to record rhythms in the wild animals with emphasis on currently overlooked approaches and monitoring systems. We then demonstrate, in three question-driven case studies, how the integration of traditional and newer approaches can help answer novel chronobiological questions in free-living animals. Finally, we highlight unresolved issues in field Chronobiology that may benefit from technological development in the future. As most of the studies in the field are descriptive, the future challenge lies in applying the diverse technologies to experimental set-ups in the wild

Yvan Touitou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ethics and methods for biological rhythm research on animals and human beings
    Chronobiology International, 2010
    Co-Authors: Francesco Portaluppi, Michael H. Smolensky, Yvan Touitou
    Abstract:

    This article updates the ethical standards and methods for the conduct of high-quality animal and human biological rhythm research, which should be especially useful for new investigators of the rhythms of life. The editors of Chronobiology International adhere to and endorse the Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines of the Committee On Publication Ethics (COPE), which encourages communication of such updates at regular intervals in the journal. The journal accepts papers representing original work, no part of which was previously submitted for publication elsewhere, except as brief abstracts, as well as in-depth reviews. The majority of research papers published in Chronobiology International entails animal and human investigations. The editors and readers of the journal expect authors of submitted manuscripts to have made an important contribution to the research of biological rhythms and related phenomena using ethical methods/procedures and unbiased, accurate, and honest reporting of findings. ...

  • Chronobiology of alcohol from chronokinetics to alcohol related alterations of the circadian system
    Chronobiology International, 2004
    Co-Authors: Thierry Danel, Yvan Touitou
    Abstract:

    The development of concepts in Chronobiology is intimately linked to studies on alcohol, as a number of these are based on chronobiological variations observed in the metabolism of ethanol. This concerns circadian differences in its metabolism (chronokinetics) and effects (chronoefficacy and chronotoxicity) and also inherent circadian rhythmicity in the sensitivity of target organs to its effects (chronesthesy). Chronobiologic discoveries are also fertile grounds for understanding the biological and psychotropic effects of alcohol. Confusing effects, which are difficult to explain by conventional homeostatic theory, are easy to understand when considered in the context of the concepts of chronopharmacology, and thereby uncovering new pathways of investigation. Beyond the studies that have elucidated the rhythm-dependent variation in ethanol, Chronobiology is opening new explanatory pathways concerning the attributes of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome and effects of alcohol on the development of the central nervous system, particularly the development of the internal clock, and on the alcohol-dependency syndrome. The concepts of chronopharmacology and chronotoxicology are of equal importance to the fields of occupational medicine and industry medicine.