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Otikeke Lokanga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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De la Rémunération du Personnel dans les Structures Professionnelles des Eglises à Bukavu
'European Scientific Institute ESI', 2020Co-Authors: Bashwira Habamungu, Otikeke LokangaAbstract:Le présent article porte sur la rémunération dans les structures professionnelles des Eglises à Bukavu. L’étude vise à (1) déterminer les masses salariales allouées aux agents par les structures professionnelles des Eglises ; (2) jauger le degré de satisfaction et de motivation des agents face à la rémunération qu’ils reçoivent et (3) à identifier les lignes des dépenses couvertes par ces salaires dans la Ville de Bukavu. Pour la collecte des données, 401 sujets issus de 42 structures professionnelles des Eglises de Bukavu ont été enquêtés à l’aide de l’outil questionnaire. La méthode structuro-fonctionnelle, l’analyse de contenu et le test chi carré ont soutenu le dépouillement et le traitement des données. Il ressort des résultats de la recherche que le salaire est un aspect important dans le fonctionnement harmonieux de toute structure professionnelle. Les masses salariales allouées aux agents varient selon les tailles, les productivités, l’accessibilité à la main d’œuvre et la bonne volonté des structures professionnelles des Eglises. Le salaire alloué aux agents oscille entre 0 et 2000 dollars par mois et par individu. Ce salaire ne suffit pas pour couvrir les besoins d’épargne et d’investissement. En dépit, de sa faiblesse à satisfaire aux besoins des agents, la rémunération est relativement bien payée par les structures professionnelles des Eglises protestantes plutôt que celles de l’Eglise catholique. Les agents sont ainsi démotivés et restent à la recherche permanente d’un travail qui procurerait la bonne rémunération. This paper focuses on determining the amount of wages allocated to employees in the Church Organizations and enterprises. It assesses the extent to which employees are satisfied and motivated based on the wages they are paid, and it also examines how Church employees allocate their wages to meet the needs of their households. Data was collected in Bukavu through a selfadministered questionnaire on a sample of 401 Church employees. The data was processed and analyzed in SPSS and Excel through the structural functional method, together with content analysis and Chi-Square test. The findings indicate that salary is an important driver of smooth relationships and it is very important for the functioning of any Church Organization or enterprise. The total amount of wages allocated to employees varies among Church Organizations and enterprises. This is dependent on the Organizational size, productivity, location of majority of the workforce, and the policy of the Church enterprise. On average, the salary per individual worker ranges from 0 to 2,000 dollars per month. The salary is not enough to cover savings and investment needs of employees, rather it only serves for subsistence needs such as food, school fees of children, and rent. The remuneration is higher for employees who work for protestant Organizations and enterprises compared to Catholic Church. The employees therefore are unsatisfied, not motivated, and are in a continuous search for a better job
Roger Archer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Church Organization or organism devotionals the foursquare Church
2015Co-Authors: Roger ArcherAbstract:As the Church, we must be an organic entity that displays supreme Organization, and a symbiotic body that exists for a purpose greater than our individual members, shares Foursquare Ordained Minister Roger Archer. Sharing vision and discipling leaders prevents “blockage” or “buildup” in the Church body.
Bashwira Habamungu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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De la Rémunération du Personnel dans les Structures Professionnelles des Eglises à Bukavu
'European Scientific Institute ESI', 2020Co-Authors: Bashwira Habamungu, Otikeke LokangaAbstract:Le présent article porte sur la rémunération dans les structures professionnelles des Eglises à Bukavu. L’étude vise à (1) déterminer les masses salariales allouées aux agents par les structures professionnelles des Eglises ; (2) jauger le degré de satisfaction et de motivation des agents face à la rémunération qu’ils reçoivent et (3) à identifier les lignes des dépenses couvertes par ces salaires dans la Ville de Bukavu. Pour la collecte des données, 401 sujets issus de 42 structures professionnelles des Eglises de Bukavu ont été enquêtés à l’aide de l’outil questionnaire. La méthode structuro-fonctionnelle, l’analyse de contenu et le test chi carré ont soutenu le dépouillement et le traitement des données. Il ressort des résultats de la recherche que le salaire est un aspect important dans le fonctionnement harmonieux de toute structure professionnelle. Les masses salariales allouées aux agents varient selon les tailles, les productivités, l’accessibilité à la main d’œuvre et la bonne volonté des structures professionnelles des Eglises. Le salaire alloué aux agents oscille entre 0 et 2000 dollars par mois et par individu. Ce salaire ne suffit pas pour couvrir les besoins d’épargne et d’investissement. En dépit, de sa faiblesse à satisfaire aux besoins des agents, la rémunération est relativement bien payée par les structures professionnelles des Eglises protestantes plutôt que celles de l’Eglise catholique. Les agents sont ainsi démotivés et restent à la recherche permanente d’un travail qui procurerait la bonne rémunération. This paper focuses on determining the amount of wages allocated to employees in the Church Organizations and enterprises. It assesses the extent to which employees are satisfied and motivated based on the wages they are paid, and it also examines how Church employees allocate their wages to meet the needs of their households. Data was collected in Bukavu through a selfadministered questionnaire on a sample of 401 Church employees. The data was processed and analyzed in SPSS and Excel through the structural functional method, together with content analysis and Chi-Square test. The findings indicate that salary is an important driver of smooth relationships and it is very important for the functioning of any Church Organization or enterprise. The total amount of wages allocated to employees varies among Church Organizations and enterprises. This is dependent on the Organizational size, productivity, location of majority of the workforce, and the policy of the Church enterprise. On average, the salary per individual worker ranges from 0 to 2,000 dollars per month. The salary is not enough to cover savings and investment needs of employees, rather it only serves for subsistence needs such as food, school fees of children, and rent. The remuneration is higher for employees who work for protestant Organizations and enterprises compared to Catholic Church. The employees therefore are unsatisfied, not motivated, and are in a continuous search for a better job
Bradács Gábor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Die ottonische Missionspolitik in der historiographischen Erinnerungskultur des mittelalterlichen Reiches
2020Co-Authors: Bradács GáborAbstract:A jelen doktori értekezés témája az első német királyi, illetve német-római császári dinasztia, a Liudolfing-ház – a szakmai és köznyelvben egyaránt népszerűbb elnevezéssel az Ottók – időszakának (919-1024) missziós politikája, illetve ennek reprezentációja a középkori német történetírásban. Az értekezés elsősorban historiográfiai jellegű történeti forrásokat vizsgál, vagyis olyanokat, amelyek akár a saját koruk, akár a közeli vagy távolabbi múlt eseményeire reflektálva, a megtörtént események rekonstrukciójának igényével lépnek fel. Jelen vizsgálat azonban túllép azon az értelmezési kereten, amely történetírói forrás alatt kizárólag a klasszikus műfajokat (krónika, gesta, historiaés évkönyv) érti, helyet kaptak ugyanis hagiográfiai munkák (legendák és vita-k), levelek, továbbá a történeti múlt eseményeit feldolgozó, szépirodalmi igényű alkotások (elsősorban verses elbeszélések) is. Az értekezéshez felhasznált historiográfiai források a 10. század első negyedétől nagyjából a 16. század első negyedéig terjedő időszak során keletkeztek, mégpedig a Német-római Császárság folyamatosan változó területén. A disszertáció legfontosabb fogalmi keretét az emlékezetkultúra (Erinnerungskultur) adja, célul tűzve ki azt, hogy megvizsgálja, létezett-e egységes emlékezet az Ottó-kori missziókról, illetve a közép- és kelet-európai egyházszervezésekről a 10. és 16. század kötötti Német-római Birodalom gazdag történetírói hagyományában. A dolgozat első, hosszabb tartalmi egysége az ún. leíró rész (DeskriptiverTeil). Ebben 178 elbeszélő forrás kerül ismertetésre, olyan művek, amelyek az Ottó-kori missziós politika kérdéseivel akár csak a legcsekélyebb terjedelemben is foglalkoznak. Ezeket az elbeszélő forrásokat a dolgozatban (valós vagy vélelmezett) keletkezésük alapján földrajzi régiókra osztottuk, vélelmezve azt, hogy a keletkezés helye meghatározó jelleggel bír a szövegek tartalmára, így a tartalmi elemzés nyomán akár egész krónikacsaládok jelenlétére is lehet bukkanni. Az disszertáció második, rövidebb egysége az ún. rendszerező rész (SystematischerTeil), ez elsősorban arra törekszik, hogy a vizsgálatba bevont forrásokat együttesen, a maguk totalitásában vizsgálja, mégpedig a Liudolfing-ház szász (illetve II. Henrik személyében a bajor) ágához tartozó uralkodóknak a keleti és északi irányú térítőpolitikában való részvételének tükrében. A vizsgálat eredményeként világossá vált, hogy a forrásokban fellelhető információk egy része erőteljes földrajzi eltérést mutatnak, ilyen például a magdeburgi érsekség megalapítása a szász történetírói hagyományban. Több olyan kérdéskör is van ugyanakkor, amely nem csak a helyi történetírói hagyományokban talált visszhangra, ide elsősorban a bambergi püspökség 1007. évi alapítása tartozik, amely a vizsgált elbeszélő források túlnyomó részében szerepel. A disszertáció eredményei rávilágítanak arra, hogy lehet létjogosultsága egy olyan kutatásnak, amelyben a középkori történetírói munkákat nem csupán a vizsgált esemény rekonstrukciójánál lehet felhasználni, illetve forrásértékét nem az határozza meg, miképpen és mennyiben járulnak hozzá egy esemény vagy eszme megismeréséhez, hanem az is, hogy egy múltbeli eseményről folytatott diskurzusban ő maga milyen mértékben vesz részt és miként alakítja a múltról való gondolkodást. The present PhD thesis concerns with the historiographic representation of the missionary politics of the first imperial dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire, the Liudolfing House, or better known as the Ottonians (919-1024). The dissertation deals primarily with narrative historical sources, that reflect upon the political events of their own age or that of the recent or distant past, with the agenda of reconstructing the events taken place. The present study, however, goes beyond the interpretative framework, meaning it does not examine the classical historiographical genres only (chronicles, gestae, histories, and yearbooks), but also includes hagiographic works (legends and vitae), letters, or even narrative poems. The historiographic sources used for the dissertation ranging from the first half of the 10th century to the first quarter of the 16th century approximately, within the territory of the Holy Roman Empire. The most important conceptual framework of the dissertation is provided by the culture of remembrance (Erinnerungskultur), with the aim of examining whether there was a unified memory of the Christianization and the establishment of the Church Organization of Central and Eastern Europe under the Ottonian rulers in the rich historiographical tradition of the mediaeval Holy Roman Empire. The first and longer unit of the thesis is the so-called descriptive part, presenting 178 narrative sources, works that deal with issues of missionary policy in the Ottonian age to the smallest extent. These narrative sources were divided into geographical regions based on their (real or presumed) origin, postulating that the place of origin is decisive for the content of the texts, and thus, through the analysis of content, even the presence of chronicle traditions can be identified. The second, shorter unit of the dissertation is the so-called systematic part, that primarily seeks to investigate the sources in their totality, namely the participation of members of the Bavarian branch of the Liudolfing House, Gisela, Queen Consort of Hungary and Prince Emeric of Hungary. As a result of the study, it became clear that some of the information contained in the sources showed strong geographical variations, such as the foundation of the Archdiocese of Magdeburg under Emperor Otto I in the Saxon historical tradition. At the same time, there are several issues that are echoed not only in local historiographical traditions, including the foundation of the Diocese of Bamberg in 1007, which can be found in most of the narrative sources examined. The results of the dissertation highlight that there may be grounds for a research in which medieval historiographic works can be used not only for the reconstruction of political events but their source value is not determined by how and to what extent they may contribute to understanding a political event or idea and to what extent they may participate in the discourse on past events and how they shape the historical thinking itself
Mataušić Nataša - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Diana Budisavljević and civil action on saving children – victims of the Ustasha regime
University of Zagreb. University of Zagreb Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. Department of History., 2020Co-Authors: Mataušić NatašaAbstract:Diana Budisavljević (r. Obexer) rodila se u Innsbrucku 1891. godine. U Zagreb dolazi 1919. godine kao supruga dr. Julija Budisavljevića. Već od listopada 1941. godine zajedno s većim brojem suradnika nastoji pomoći srpskim ženama s djecom zatočenim u ustaškim logorima. Ta je njena aktivnost među upućenima bila poznata kao Akcija Diana Budisavljević. Akcija je tijekom rata, a naročito 1942. godine po svojem opsegu, broju sudionika i broju spašene srpske djece prerasla u jednu od najsloženijih i nedvojbeno najhumanijih akcija takve vrste na području NDH i čitave okupirane Europe. Literatura napisana u razdoblju socijalističke Jugoslavije davala je sukladno vremenu nastanka glavnu ulogu u akciji spašavanja djece iz logora Komunističkoj pariji. Jednim potezom olovke Dianu Budisavljević iz povijesne memorije izbrisala je jedna druga žena: Tatjana Marinić. U zamahu povijesnog revizionizma akcija spašavanja srpske djece postala je dio „humanitarne“ politike ustaškog režima, a ustaška država jedna uljuđena država koja se brinula za svoje stanovnike, pa tako i srpsku djecu koju je kao države neprijatelje i „nepoćudne“ elemente, najprije strpala u logore, a onda ih „humano“ iz njih spašavala. Cilj ove disertacije temeljene na višegodišnjem istraživačkom radu je pokušaj uspostave objektivne valorizacije njenoga rada, događaja i osoba uključenih u akciju spašavanja srpske i druge djece u razdoblju Drugoga svjetskoga rata na području NDH temeljene na Dnevniku Diane Budisavljević i njenoj ostavštini, izvornom arhivskom gradivu, recentnoj literaturi i kazivanju suvremenika. Uspostavom objektivne istine, što je osnovni cilj ovoga rada željela sam također ispraviti nepravdu koja joj je učinjena. Najveće zasluge Diane Budisavljević u akciji spašavanja srpske djece iz ustaških logora bile su: ishođenje dozvole za preuzimanje djece iz ustaških logora u čemu su presudnu ulogu odigrala dva njemačka časnika, ideja da se djeca koloniziraju putem Karitasa nadbiskupije zagrebačke i izrada Kartoteka djece. Dobivanje dozvola za preuzimanje djece donio je spas velikom broju djece od vjerojatne tragične sudbine. Ideja o kolonizaciji putem Karitasa i lokalnih župnika te udomljavanju djece u obitelji pružila je djeci preuzetoj iz logora siguran život pod okriljem udomitelja različitog socijalnog statusa. I konačno vođenje kartoteke za koju je pokušavala prikupiti što točnije podatke kako bi se djeca po završetku rata mogla vratiti roditeljima ili rodbini.Diana Budisavljević (Obexer) was born in Innsbruck in 1891. She came to Zagreb as the wife of Dr. Julije Budisavljević. In October 1941, together with a great number of colleagues, she tried to help Serbian women and children detained in camps in the newly formed Independent State of Croatia. Her activity was known as the Diana Budisavljević Action. The act of rescuing these children, mostly of Serbian nationality, was one of the most complex, most humane actions of its kind during the Second World War, in items of its scope, the number of associates involved and the number of children rescued, not only in the Independent State of Croatia, but in the whole of Europe. The Diary of Diana Budisavljević was published in Zagreb in 2003. The Diary is a remarkable historical document of a short, but brutal period in Croatian history, written from the perspective of a woman who found the strenght and courage to think and act freely and provide an active civil resistance to the fascist Ustaša regime in extremely difficult war conditions. Her resistance has all the characteristics of being heroic and progressive, and it should have a place in Croatia's positive historical heritage. The aim of this dissertation, based on the multi - annual research work, is to establish an objective valorization of its work, events and persons involved in the rescue of Serbian and other children during the period of the Second World War on the territory of the Independent State of Croatia. The dissertation is based on The Diary of Diana Budisavljević and her legacy, original archive material, recent literature and the tellings of contemporaries. By establishing an objective truth, I also wanted to correct the injustice that was done to her. During the writting of this dissertation I used traditional metods based on facts by analysing archival sources, related books and various newspapers, From the methodological point of view, the biggest problem was the resources that are kept in archival funds. It was necessary to compare them with all other available sources in order to annul the fact that they were created under ideological imperatives and therefore often concealed the actual circumstances which often did not speak the truth. Diane Budisavljevic's greatest credit in the action of rescuing Serb children from the Ustasha camps was: obtaining a permit to take over children from the Ustasha camps, with two German officers playing the key role, the idea of children colonizing through Caritas and the creation of the Children's Files. 1. Since children from the camp could be taken only legally (with the permission of the competent Ustaša authorities), she found a way to obtain the permission. Her Austrian background, knowledge of German language and previous work with the law certainly helped her. Upon the arrival of the children in Zagreb, Sisak and Jastrebarsko many health professionals were involved in childcare activities (doctors and nurses, Red Cross volunteer nurses, students in the school for educators), as were citizens of all social groups. Several members of the Communist Party, Anti - fascist front of women and the National Liberation Movement supporters were among them. Despite the care, many children, especially small and infants, died from malnutrition, disease and exhaustion, or from the consequences of their earlier stay in the camps. 2. From the 10th of August 1942, Diana and Kamilo Bresler were considering the idea of colonization (placement in the families) as the only possible solution to save such a large number of children. As her co - workers were unable to get permission to travel to the villages, because they were mainly Serbs, Diana proposed seeking help from the Archbishop, because each municipality has a priest who is in contact with the municipality inhabitants, and through the existing Church Organization the colonization could be conducted in the fastest way. The Ustasha authorities initially refused, until the 23rd of August 1942 when the Ministry of Associations brought a Provision for deployment of refugee children, according to which the “refugee children”, “taken from concentration camps” could “be placed”, respectively “sent for upbringing” to parents or charity guardians “in Croatian and Catholic, peasant and middle-class families.” The colonization was carried out in cooperation with the Caritas belonging to the Zagreb Archdiocese and the Croatian Red Cross 3. Concurrently with charitable activities, almost from the beginning of the “Action”, and in particular from September 1942, Diana started working on the list (files) of children who were taken from the camps and placed in various hospitals and shelters, or with foster families. Files with the list of 12,000 registered children and which should have been used after the war by parents and/or relatives to identify and retrieve children, were taken away from her as a private person (and as such unsuitable one) immediately after the liberation in May 1945, at the request of the Ministry for Social Policy. From the perspective of the authorities she was „a bourgeois“ from a high civil society, an Austrian, a co-worker and „a friend“ with the enemy that occupied the country, she didn't refrain from cooperation with the Zagreb Archdiocese „Caritas“ and the Archbishop Stepinac himself whom she visited very often, like other German officials. At the same time she was not a member of the Antifascist Women's Front nor any other illegal National Liberation Movement Organizations in Zagreb. The new government was suspicious of her in every way. Yet they didn't arrest her as they did with her co-worker dr Marko Vidaković nor did they question her nor was she summoned to give a statement to the Land Commission for determination of Crimes committed by the Occupiers and their supporters regarding her work on taking over the children and caring for them as many of her co - workers were. She was forgotten. The professional and scientific literature, written in the period of Socialist Yugoslavia, gave her the main role in the rescue of children from camps. In the pursuit of historic revisionism, the action of rescuing Serbian children becomes a part of the "humanitarian" policy of the Ustasha regime, and the Ustasha state is an affectionate state that cares for its inhabitants and even Serbian children who were labelled as state enemies and "disadvantaged" elements put to the camps and then "humanely" saved from them